RESUMO
The performance of the next-generation BacT/ALERT® VIRTUO™ Microbial Detection System (VIRTUO™, bioMérieux Inc., Hazelwood, MO) was compared to the BacT/ALERT® 3D Microbial Detection System (3D, bioMérieux Inc., Durham, NC) using BacT/ALERT® FA Plus (FA Plus), BacT/ALERT® PF Plus (PF Plus), BacT/ALERT® FN Plus (FN Plus), BacT/ALERT® Standard Aerobic (SA), and BacT/ALERT® Standard Anaerobic (SN) blood culture bottles (bioMérieux Inc., Durham, NC). A seeded limit of detection (LoD) study was performed for each bottle type in both systems. The LoD studies demonstrated that both systems were capable of detecting organisms at nearly identical levels [<10 colony-forming units (CFU) per bottle], with no significant difference. Following LoD determination, a seeded study was performed to compare the time to detection (TTD) between the systems using a panel of clinically relevant microorganisms inoculated at or near the LoD with 0, 4, or 10 mL of healthy human blood. VIRTUO™ exhibited a faster TTD by an average of 3.5 h, as well as demonstrated a significantly improved detection rate of 99.9% compared to 98.8% with 3D (p-value <0.05).
Assuntos
Automação Laboratorial/métodos , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Sepse/diagnóstico , Hemocultura , Humanos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The objective of this investigation was to distinguish whether the instruments commonly used for cutting dentin cause degradation in strength or fatigue behavior. Beams of coronal dentin were obtained from unrestored 3(rd) molars and subjected to either quasi-static or cyclic flexural loading to failure. The surfaces of selected beams were treated with a conventional straight-sided bur or with an abrasive air jet laden with glass particles. Under monotonic loading, there was no difference in the strength or Weibull parameters obtained for the control or treated beams. However, the fatigue strength of dentin receiving bur and air-jet treatments was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.0001) than that of the control. The bur treatment resulted in the largest overall degree of degradation, with nearly 40% reduction in the endurance limit and even more substantial decrease in the fatigue life. The methods currently used for cavity preparations substantially degrade the durability of dentin.
Assuntos
Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/efeitos adversos , Análise do Estresse Dentário , Dentina/fisiologia , Fraturas dos Dentes/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Abrasão Dental por Ar , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/métodos , Instrumentos Odontológicos , Humanos , Maleabilidade , Estresse Mecânico , Propriedades de Superfície , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) comprises related gene families, some of which are highly polymorphic, whose protein products mediate immune response. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are a vital animal model for research in human diseases and are native to regions extending from Afghanistan in the west to the Eastern Plains of China and from Peking to the north, southward through islands of Southeast Asia. The distributions of MHC class-II Mamu DQA1 and Mamu DQB1 alleles in two groups of domestically bred rhesus macaques of Indian and Chinese origin and the Mamu DQA1 genotypes of a small number of Burmese rhesus macaques were compared. Major allelic differences were observed between the Indian and Chinese rhesus macaques, and gene diversity decreased from east to west. These and other intra-specific genetic differences among regional populations of rhesus macaques might influence the outcome of biomedical research in which they are used as subjects, and illustrate the importance of completely genetically characterizing subjects used as animal models in biomedical research.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-DQ/genética , Macaca mulatta/genética , Macaca mulatta/imunologia , Alelos , Animais , China , Frequência do Gene , Cadeias alfa de HLA-DQ , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ , Haplótipos , Índia , Mianmar , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Thirty-four short tandem repeat (STR) loci, not previously studied in rhesus macaques, were amplified by PCR. About one third of these were found to clearly and reliably amplify and exhibit high levels of genetic heterogeneity even in relatively inbred populations. These loci, together with 11 loci previously studied, were sufficiently informative to discretely differentiate between related and unrelated pairs and, in most cases, between parent/offspring and other relative pairs. An even greater number of hypervariable STR loci might be required to distinguish between half-sib and full-sib pairs in most rhesus populations.