RESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a ventilator deficit in the global health system for this scenario. For this reason, several national and international projects have been developed to get done prototypes of ventilators which could be easy and fast to manufacture. One of the requirements of the AEMPS for conducting clinical studies with new prototypes is through the validation of these new prototypes in an animal model. Therefore, it is important to achieve an animal model which allows us to easily reproduce different clinical scenarios. In this article, we describe the use of a sheep as a research model to assess a prototype ventilator. The animal was anesthetized for 10â¯h in which the prototype was tested in up to 6 different scenarios. This model is effective and easy to reproduce, making it an excellent choice for this kind of research.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório , Animais , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Ovinos , Ventiladores MecânicosAssuntos
Doenças do Gato , Microftalmia , Bloqueio Nervoso , Animais , Gatos , Olho , Microftalmia/veterinária , Bloqueio Nervoso/veterinária , ÓrbitaRESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a ventilator deficit in the global health system for this scenario. For this reason, several national and international projects have been developed to get done prototypes of ventilators which could be easy and fast to manufacture. One of the requirements of the AEMPS for conducting clinical studies with new prototypes is through the validation of these new prototypes in an animal model. Therefore, it is important to achieve an animal model which allows us to easily reproduce different clinical scenarios. In this article, we describe the use of a sheep as a research model to assess a prototype ventilator. The animal was anesthetized for 10hours in which the prototype was tested in up to 6different scenarios. This model is effective and easy to reproduce, making it an excellent choice for this kind of research.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to compare two different local anaesthesia techniques for intraoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing surgical procedures distal to the mid humeral diaphysis. Thirty-two dogs were divided into two groups: the US group received an ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block at the level of the first rib and the N group received a neurostimulation-guided paravertebral brachial plexus block. Ropivacaine 0.75% at 1.5mg/kg was injected in each case. Dogs were monitored during the surgical procedure, and rescue analgesia was administered whenever the heart rate, respiratory rate or blood pressure increased more than 20% from the basal values. Success rate was defined as no need for rescue analgesia during surgery and complete blockade of the operated leg evaluated just after anaesthesia recovery. Complications were also recorded. Data was analysed using Fisher exact and Mann/Whitney tests. Success rate was observed in 14/16 (87%) dogs and in 12/16 (75%) dogs in the US and N groups, respectively (P=0.65). Complications recorded were hypotension in three cases (US group, n=1; N group, n=2) and Horner's syndrome in three cases (US group, n=1; N group, n=2; P=0.65). Both techniques were found to provide good level of analgesia that allowed performing the orthopaedic procedures from the mid humeral diaphysis and distal in the limb, without the need for further analgesia.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Bloqueio do Plexo Braquial/veterinária , Cães/fisiologia , Úmero/cirurgia , Ropivacaina/administração & dosagem , Animais , Cães/cirurgia , Feminino , Membro Anterior/inervação , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Período Intraoperatório , Masculino , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Medição da Dor/veterinária , Dor Pós-Operatória/veterinária , Distribuição Aleatória , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoAssuntos
Anestesia Geral/veterinária , Valvuloplastia com Balão/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/veterinária , Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Anestesia Geral/métodos , Animais , Valvuloplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Valvuloplastia com Balão/mortalidade , Cães , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to report the anaesthetic management and peri-anaesthetic complications of 57 dogs undergoing pacemaker implantation at a referral institution over 10â years (2002-2012). The median duration of the procedure was 135â minutes (range 25-260â minutes). Patients were classified as American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) III (42 cases) and ASA IV (15 cases). Forty-three patients had third-degree atrioventricular block, and 14 patients had sick sinus syndrome. The anaesthetic protocol most frequently chosen was pethidine (41 cases), etomidate-midazolam (43 cases) and isoflurane in oxygen for maintenance (57 cases). Transthoracic external pacing was used (43 cases) until the internal pacing lead was implanted. Atracurium was administered (48 cases) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation was applied in 52 cases. Complications observed included hypothermia (19 cases) and hypotension (5 cases). Three patients died (5.8%, 95% CI 1.1% to 14.6%) within the first 48â hours after termination of anaesthesia. The outcome for this procedure in sick animals appeared generally good though a number of complications were documented.
Assuntos
Anestesia/veterinária , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Marca-Passo Artificial/veterinária , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária , Síndrome do Nó Sinusal/veterinária , Anestesia/métodos , Animais , Bloqueio Atrioventricular/terapia , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome do Nó Sinusal/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Sacrococcygeal epidural anaesthesia allows selective desensitisation of the sacral plexus. Ultrasound is used for guidance in human anaesthesia to facilitate sacrococcygeal epidural injections. The aims of this study were to describe the sonographic appearance of the sacrococcygeal region in dogs and a technique for performing epidural injection at this location under ultrasound guidance. In the preliminary part of the study four cadavers were used to describe the sonoanatomy of the sacrococcygeal space and to develop the ultrasound-guided puncture technique. In the second phase of the study this technique was repeated in four dogs under general anaesthesia. In all dogs the sacrococcygeal space appeared as a circular hypoechoic region, located caudal to the sacral caudal articular processes, delimited by bony hyperechoic structures such as body and arch of the first caudal vertebra. Ultrasound guidance allowed the operator to visualise and position the spinal needle into the sacrococcygeal epidural space. No complications were reported during this procedure. Preliminary results indicate that ultrasound-guided sacrococcygeal epidural anaesthesia may be considered as an alternative to a blind approach technique.