Oral Health and Oral Health Service Utilization in Native and Immigrant Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the PELFI Cohort in Spain.

This study analyzes associated factors to self-perceived oral health and use of oral health services in native and immigrant adults from the PELFI cohort in Spain. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted (401 adults ≥ 18 years, from Spain, Ecuador, Colombia and Morocco). Frequencies for sociodemographic, self-perceived general and oral health variables were calculated. The association between oral health/oral health services use and origin country was estimated by logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio-aOR-; 95% confidence intervals -95%CI-). Ecuadorian men were more likely to report dental caries (aPR 2.75; 95%CI 1.30-5.80) and Moroccan women were more likely to report gingival bleeding (aPR 3.61; 95%CI 1.83-7.15) and the use of oral health services ≥ 1 year/never (aPR 1.69; 95%CI 1.06-2.69). Colombian women were less likely to report missing teeth (aPR 0.73; 95%CI 0.56-0.95). Poor self-perceived oral health indicators were observed in immigrants and were modified for sociodemographic and general health variables.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Native and Immigrant Populations in the PELFI Study in Spain.

Quality of life and its relationship to oral health is an important consideration in the determinants of health of vulnerable groups. The aim of this study is to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and its related factors in native and immigrant population families from the Platform of Longitudinal Studies on Immigrant Families (PELFI) study in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 401 adults aged 18 years and older from Spain, Ecuador, Colombia, and Morocco. The OHIP-14 instrument was applied, and three summary variables were used (prevalence, extent, and severity). Sociodemographic and self-perceived health variables were included. Bivariate analyzes were carried out to summarize the variables of the OHIP-14 according to sociodemographic and health variables, and bivariate analyzes of the OHIP-14 dimensions was conducted by country of origin. Multivariate linear models were used to investigate predictors for the dimensions of the OHIP-14. Multivariate logistic models were used to estimate the association of OHRQoL with immigration status using crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (OR-95% CI). It was found that 14.8% of men and 23.8% of women reported negative impacts in terms of OHRQoL (statistically significant differences: p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences according to the country of origin in the prevalence and severity outcomes of the OHIP-14 in women (p < 0.05), and severe outcomes were observed in Moroccan women. In women, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in OHRQoL were observed according to age and marital status. There were some differences between OHIP-14 summary outcomes according to the health variables. Some sociodemographic and health variables were predictors for the OHIP-14 and their dimensions with differences by sex. Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between OHRQoL and immigration status for Moroccan women. Differences in OHRQoL were found according to sociodemographic and health variables. Further research could clarify the predictors of OHRQoL through epidemiological surveillance and longitudinal studies.

An Umbrella Review Exploring the Effect of Periodontal Treatment in Pregnant Women on the Frequency of Adverse Obstetric Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: In the recent years, efforts have been made to reduce epidemiologic indicators of periodontal disease in pregnant women. This umbrella review aims to analyze the systematic reviews/meta-analyses investigating the effect of periodontal therapy in pregnant women on the frequency of obstetric complications (low birth weight, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia) and to identify the gaps in the scientific literature. METHODS: A systematic review of systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis of intervention studies was conducted. Quality evaluation and qualitative analysis of the reviews were performed. RESULTS: A total of 223 articles were obtained, and 18 of them were included in the analysis, 13 articles included meta-analysis, where 11 were of high quality and 7 of medium quality according to the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) guide. These systematic reviews/meta-analyses included a total of 19 studies (17 randomized clinical trials). Descriptive systematic reviews showed that periodontal therapy has positive effects on reducing the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In systematic reviews with meta-analysis, overall effect estimators were not significant, although a reduction in the incidence of obstetric complications was observed. Subgroup analysis resulted in significant effects, depending on sociodemographic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Differential findings are not enough to demonstrate that there is a significant reduction in the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women receiving periodontal therapy. Possible explanations are related to factors such as the type of studies analyzed, indicator of obstetric complication considered, and specific variables included in the analysis. Many systematic reviews did not address publication bias and did identify gaps in knowledge that require further clarification.

Gaps in Knowledge About the Association Between Maternal Periodontitis and Adverse Obstetric Outcomes: An Umbrella Review.

OBJECTIVES: Scientific literature has established that the periodontal condition during pregnancy could be associated with obstetric/neonatal morbidity, and these effects have an important relationship with problems during childhood and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. This umbrella review aimed to summarize the results about the association between maternal periodontitis and obstetric complications (low birth weight, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia) and identify the gaps in the scientific literature. METHODS: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis was performed. Quality evaluation and descriptive analysis of the characteristics of the included studies were conducted. RESULTS: Nineteen systematic reviews/meta-analyses were considered. In total, the systematic reviews included 99 observational studies. Most of the reviews established an association between maternal periodontitis and a higher risk of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia. The magnitude and statistical significance of this relationship are influenced by the context in which the studies have been conducted. Gaps were identified in the definition/evaluation of periodontal disease, criteria of gestational age for study purposes, and potential confounders, among others. CONCLUSIONS: Although scientific literature has established an association among the analyzed pathologies, conceptual and methodological gaps were identified, and they should be considered as integral components when this association is investigated.

Signos y síntomas de trastornos temporo-mandibulares en la población adulta mayor atendida en la red hospitalaria pública de Medellín (Colombia) / Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in elderly population treated within the public hospital network of Medellin (Colombia)

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de signos y síntomas de trastornos temporomandibulares en adultos mayores de Medellín y sus factores relacionados. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en la red hospitalaria «Metrosalud¼. Participaron 342 adultos ≥ 65 años (57.8% mujeres). Variables: sociodemográficas y apoyo social (Duke-11); estrés autopercibido, salud mental, salud general autopercibida, satisfacción estado dental, salud bucal autopercibida, problemas bucales (últimos 30 días), número de dientes presentes, presencia de prótesis (superior/inferior); índice anamnésico de Helkimo y evaluación clínica. Se calculó la prevalencia de trastornos temporomandibulares-índice anamnésico de Helkimo según variables sociodemográficas y de salud y de trastornos temporomandibulares según evaluación clínica. Se estimó la asociación entre trastornos temporomandibulares-índice anamnésico de Helkimo e indicadores de salud y trastornos temporomandibulares clínicos mediante regresión logística calculando Odds Ratio crudas y ajustadas con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: La prevalencia de síntomas severos fue mayor en hombres (32%) y de síntomas leves en mujeres (18%), con diferencias según factores sociodemográficos. Las personas que reportan síntomas tienden a reportar mayores prevalencias de malos indicadores de salud general y bucal. La mayor asociación se encontró para los problemas dentales en los últimos 30 días (ORa 3.57; IC95% 1.80-7.08) en el caso de las mujeres y para los hombres en mala salud mental (ORa 2.83; IC95% 1.31-6.09). Aunque las mujeres presentaron mayor riesgo de reportar problemas relacionados con la ATM (excepto para la presencia de ruidos articulares), no se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: Se requieren sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica que permitan establecer con mayor claridad las asociaciones encontradas.

Abstract: Objective: To determine prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders signs and symptoms of elderly adults in Medellin as well as related factors. Material and methods: The present was a crosssectional study conducted at the «Metrosalud¼ hospital network. The study was composed of 342 adult patients ≥ 65 years, (57.8% females) Variables: Socio-demographical and social support (Duke- 11); Self-perceived stress, mental health, self-perceived general health, satisfaction with respect to dental circumstances, self-perceived oral health, oral problems (previous 30 days), number of teeth present, presence of prostheses (upper/lower), Helkimo Anamnestic Index and clinical assessment. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders- Helkimo Anamnestic Index was assessed with respect to health and socio-demographic variables, temporomandibular joint disorders was assessed according to clinical evaluation. Association between temporomandibular joint disorders-Helkimo Anamnestic Index and health indicators was evaluated as well as clinical temporomandibular joint disorders by means of logistic regression calculating crude and adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% (CI95%) confidence intervals. Results: Prevalence of severe symptoms was higher in males (32%), females exhibited higher prevalence of mild symptoms (18.8%); differences were found according to socio-demographic factors. Subjects reporting symptoms tended to report higher prevalence of poor oral and general health indicators. Higher association was found for patients with dental problems in the previous 30 days. (aOR 3.57; CI95% 1.80-7.08) in the case of women and, for men, the indicator was poor mental health (aOR 2.83; CI95% 1.31-6.09) Even though females exhibited greater risk of reporting TMJ related problems (except for the presence of articular noises) no statistical significant associations were found. Conclusions: Further epidemiological surveillance systems are required in order to suitably and clearly establish associations found in the present study.

La invisibilidad de estudios en salud oral en mujeres en situación de prostitución: una revisión sistemática exploratoria / The invisibility of oral health studies about women in situation of prostitution: a scoping review

El objetivo fue describir los estudios existentes a nivel mundial relacionados con salud oral en mujeres en situación de prostitución. Para ello se realizó una revisión exploratoria (Scoping Review) sobre el tema en cuestión en estudios publicados en forma de artículos científicos originales en revistas de revisión por pares, sin restricción en el periodo de búsqueda e indexados en 4 bases de datos internacionales (PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS y SCOPUS). Descripción de las principales características de los estudios. Como resultados principales, luego de hacer el proceso de selección se encontraron 10 estudios con diferentes enfoques metodológicos (cuantitativos, cualitativos o mixtos y estudios de intervención). Seis de los estudios fueron realizados en países asiáticos (Japón y Singapur). Las temáticas abordadas fueron: manifestaciones orales del VIH, uso del condón, prácticas y actitudes frente al sexo oral. Solamente se encontró un estudio específico en salud oral realizado en Senegal el cual analiza la situación periodontal en trabajadoras sexuales con y sin VIH. Los estudios en salud oral para la población en situación de prostitución son escasos. Siendo un grupo sensible y vulnerable socialmente, se requiere fomentar la investigación en estas mujeres para identificar las posibles situaciones de desigualdad social que impactan en las condiciones de salud oral en este colectivo.

This study aimed to describe the existing studies worldwide related to oral health in women in prostitution. For this exploratory review (Scoping Review) on the subject in question in studies published in the form of original scientific articles in journals peer review was conducted without restriction in the search period and indexed in 4 international databases (PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and SCOPUS). Description of the main characteristics of the studies. The main results, after making the selection process 10 studies with different methodological approaches (quantitative, qualitative or mixed and intervention studies) were found. Six of the studies were conducted in Asian countries (Japan and Singapore). The themes were: oral manifestations of HIV, condom use, practices and attitudes towards oral sex. Only a specific oral health study conducted in Senegal which analyzes the periodontal situation of sex workers with and without HIV was found. In conclusion, studies on oral health for individuals in prostitution are scarce. Being a socially sensitive and vulnerable group, it is essential to encourage research in these women to identify potential situations of social inequality that impact oral health conditions in this group.

Percepciones en salud bucal de los niños y niñas / Perceptions of children’s oral health

Identificamos las necesidades de salud bucal de los niños y niñas de 2 a 5 años del programa Buen Comienzo-Fantasías de las Américas, desde la percepción de las agentes educativas en la ciudad de Medellín, en el año 2013. Realizamos un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque histórico hermenéutico; la población de estudio correspondió a 65 agentes educativas. Los resultados preliminares reflejan necesidades relacionadas con el acceso y oportunidad de atención odontológica, la deficiencia en las acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de las enfermedades prevalentes en salud bucal, el desconocimiento y la falta de motivación de los hábitos de higiene bucal, su importancia en la prevención de las patologías bucales y su implicación con el crecimiento y desarrollo, y con la salud general de los menores y las menores...