Minimal effects of nitric oxide on spatial blood flow heterogeneity of the dog heart.

Eleven Beagle dogs were studied to elucidate the possible role of L-arginine-derived nitric oxide on local blood flow distribution in left and right ventricular myocardium. Local blood flow was determined in 256 samples from the left and 64 samples from the right ventricle per heart using the tracer microsphere technique (mean sample mass 319 +/- 131 mg). Nitric oxide production was effectively inhibited by intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) as evidenced by a shift of the dose/response curve for the effect of intracoronary administration of bradykinin (0.004-4.0 nmol/min) on coronary blood flow. L-NAME enhanced left and right ventricular systolic pressures from 132 +/- 18 to 155 +/- 15 mm Hg and from 26 +/- 3 to 29 +/- 3 mm Hg respectively (both P = 0.043). Mean left ventricular blood flow was 1.14 +/- 0.38 before and 0.99 +/- 0.28 ml min-1 g-1 after L-NAME (P = 0.068), while right ventricular blood flow fell from 0.72 +/- 0.28 to 0.53 +/- 0.20 ml min-1 g-1 (P = 0.043). Coronary conductance of left and right ventricular myocardium fell by 31 and 43% respectively (both P = 0.043). The coefficient of variation of left ventricular blood flow was 0.26 +/- 0.07 before and 0.29 +/- 0.07 after L-NAME (P = 0.068), that of right ventricular blood flow was 0.27 before and after L-NAME. Skewness (0.51) and kurtosis (4.23) of left ventricular blood flow distribution were unchanged after L-NAME, while in the right ventricle skewness decreased from 0.54 to 0.09 (P = 0.043) and kurtosis (3.68) tended to decrease after L-NAME (P = 0.080). The fractal dimension (D = 1.20-1.27) and the corresponding nearest-neighbor correlation coefficient (rn = 0.37-0.53) of left and right ventricular myocardium remained unchanged after infusion of L-NAME. From these results it is concluded that firstly, local nitric oxide release does not explain the higher perfusion of physiological high flow samples and secondly, that spatial myocardial blood flow coordination is not dependent on nitric oxide.

[Effect of arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthesis on regional perfusion of the eye in the anesthesized dog]. / Einfluss der Arginin-abhängigen Stickoxidsynthese auf die regionale Durchblutung des Auges am narkotisierten Hund.

The changes of the retinal and uveal perfusion after inhibition of the arginine-dependent nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by systemic administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 20 mg/kg bw i.v.) were studied in four anesthetized dogs using the tracer microsphere technique. The regional perfusion rates (ml.min-1.g-1) under steady-state control conditions were: retina 0.13 +/- 0.05, choroid 8.26 +/- 1.85, iris 0.24 +/- 0.05 and ciliary body 1.11 +/- 0.26. Infusion of L-NAME over 10 min reduced the perfusion of the retina on the average by 23% (P > 0.05). The perfusion of choroid, iris and ciliary body fell by 54 +/- 8%, 58 +/- 7% and 53 +/- 8%, respectively (P < or = 0.05 for all). In five additional experiments the local activity of NO-producing enzymes (NO synthases) was determined by measuring the production rate of citrullin in tissue extracts of the different eye regions. Total NO synthase activities (pmol citrullin.min-1.g-1) were: retina 31.0 +/- 5.5, choroid 3.1 +/- 2.8, iris 7.1 +/- 2.1 and ciliary body 1.3 +/- 1.3. Differences of the total NO synthase activities of retina, iris and cilary body were statistically significant (P < or = 0.02). The results show that the uvea perfusion is largely influenced by the steady-state production of NO. The homogeneous flow reduction in the uvea after inhibition of NO synthase is contrasted by the heterogeneous NO synthase activities of the different uvea regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)