[The impact of masticatory muscles hypertonicity on the bite formation]. / Vliyanie gipertonusa zhevatel'noi muskulatury na formirovanie okklyuzii.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to assess the impact of masticatory muscles hypertonicity on the bite formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 60 patients aged 7-14 years. Group 1 consisted of 20 individuals with Angle class 1 occlusion without masticatory muscle hypertonicity. Group 2 comprised 20 patients with class II malocclusion with hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles, group 3 - 20 patients class II malocclusion and no hypertonic masticatory muscles. All patients were examined according to common diagnostic protocol that included electromyography of the temporal and masticatory muscles at rest and in dynamics). RESULTS: In group 1 the mean IMPACT at rest was 242.8±133.6 µV, IMPACT during contraction was 880.50±201.5 µV; in group 2 - 797.9±413.0 and 1561.23±568.0 µV; in group 3 - 236.7±93.5 and 955.60±295.5 µV, correspondingly. The ratio of the activity of the temporal muscles to the masticatory muscles with neutral occlusion at rest correlates as 1:09, with compression 1:1. In patients with distal occlusion and the presence of hypertonicity at rest, the temporal muscles correspond to the chewing proper as 1:0.8, and with compression 1:09. CONCLUSION: The estimated ratio can contribute to the retroposition of the mandible, as well as inhibition of the growth of the mandible in the sagittal direction.

Halophilous Vegetation of the Southern Coast of the Pechora Bay.

Geobotanical studies of the coastal halophilous vegetation are carried out on the southern coast of the Pechora Bay (the Barents Sea region). The ecological-phytocenotic approach is applied for classification; in total, 11 plant associations (including 2 subassociations) belonging to 10 formations are described. The syntaxa are identified considering 94 original geobotanical descriptions. In the article, the classification is limited to two leading syntaxonomic units: (1) formation, distinguished by the type of phytocenosis edificator species and (2) association, distinguished by the dominant species of the upper and lower tiers, which are defined as the diagnostic category. The vegetation cover differed in composition and structure in the habitats with different ecological conditions, such as beaches and foredunes, salt and brackish marshes, brackish water bodies on the marshes, ecotone zones between marshes, and shrub tundra. On the beach sands, there were communities of two associations: Leymetum arenarii honckenyosum diffusae and Leymetum arenarii latirosum japonici. The salt marshes were covered with the halophilous vegetation of the four associations: Caricetum subspathaceae potentillosum egedii, Caricetum glareosae potentillosum egedii, Festucetum rubrae potentillosum egedii, and Caricetum mackenziei. In the brackish marshes, there were communities of associations of Rumexetum aquaticus, Glycerietum fluitantis subpurum, and Arctophiletum fulvae. The small brackish lakes were occupied by the communities of Hippuridetum tetraphyllae. The communities of Salicetum reptantis parnassiosum palustris association are described in the ecotone zones between the marshes and shrub tundra. The original data on the marshe syntaxa described by the ecological-phytocenotic approach are compared with the previously published data on those from the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, but identified using the ecological-floristic approach. For the first time, the vegetation of marshes and beaches at the mouth of the Dresvyanka River is described. The article expands the information about the distribution of beach communities of the Leymeta arenaria formation, and the communities of marshes of the Caricetum subspathaceae, Caricetum glareosae, Festucetum rubrae potentillosum egedae, Hippuridetum tetraphyllae, Rumexetum aquaticus, and Arctophiletum fulvae associations. New information about the composition and structure of the Glycerietum fluitantis subpurum association is presented; these communities are first described earlier by the authors outside the northern border of the range of the coenose-forming plant Glyceria fluitans, in the south of the Pechora Bay, at the mouth of the Khylchuyu River. These communities together with the coenose-forming plant Glyceria fluitans require protection in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

[Caries experience and elementary composition of mixed saliva in adult patients with dental fluorosis]. / Intensivnost' kariesa i élementnyi sostav smeshannoi sliuny u vzroslykh patsientov s fliuorozom zubov.

AIM: Caries experience assessment in adult patients with dental fluorosis living in endemic area and in the region with normal fluoride concentration in drinking water; assessment of correlation between DMFT index and elementary composition of mixed saliva in adult patients with dental fluorosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of patients took part in the clinical study. Group 1 involved 33 persons with dental fluorosis living in endemic area. In group 2 there were 31 persons with dental fluorosis living in region with normal fluoride concentration in drinking water. DMFT index was calculated. Enamel resistance to acids and remineralizing activity of saliva were tested. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) was used to detect elementary composition of mixed saliva. RESULTS: The mean DMFT value was 3.97±0.31 in group 1 and 4.65±0.41 in group 2, which was 15% higher. In both groups high enamel resistance to acids was observed, but remineralizing activity of saliva was significantly better in group 1. The mean fluoride concentration in mixed saliva was 42% higher in group 1 comparing to group 2 (0.108±0.003 mass%, and 0.063±0.0002 mass%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Adult patients with dental fluorosis living in endemic area are more caries resistant comparing to those living in region with normal fluoride concentration in drinking water. It's associated with elevated fluoride concentration in mixed saliva due to permanent fluoride consumption with drinking water.

[The study on the impact of various types of currents on root canal microbiota]. / Izuchenie vliianiia raznykh vidov transkanal'nogo vozdeistviia postoiannym tokom na mikrofloru kornevykh kanalov.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: to evaluate the effect of different types of direct current transcanal effects on the root canal microbiota. The study involved 91 volunteers aged 18 to 65 years, in 48 (53%) no periapical lesions were detected, in 43 (47%) periapical lesions. For determination of the optimal parameters of dosage an apex-phoresis, that provides antibacterial effect, clinical strains the facultative anaerobic of bacteria was used, after collection from root canal of teeth. The most pronounced antimicrobial action in which an electrode placed in the cavity of the tooth is connected to the plus of a current source - are transcanal anodalgvanization and apex-phoresis. For transcanal anodalvanization, these are copper ions, and for apex-foreses, a combination of silver ions and copper ions. Both methods showed high antibacterial activity against all representatives of anaerobic microbiota. The obtained data are confirmed with a molecular and genetic method of identification of the hardly cultivated virulent anaerobic bacteria using the diagnostic kit for PCR 'Multident-5'.

[The Physiotherapy in the treatment of alveolitis and localized osteomyelitis of the jawbones]. / Fizioterapiia pri lechenii al'veolita i ogranichennogo osteomielita cheliustei.

BACKGROUND: Alveolitis and localized osteomyelitis of the jawbones still remain the most common conditions among the post-operative complications associated with tooth extraction. AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and clinical effectiveness of ozone therapy and radiation of various wavelengths emitted by the light-emitting diodes (LED) applied for the treatment of alveolitis and localized osteomyelitis of the jawbone with a view to improving the effectiveness of the treatment and shortening the duration of the rehabilitation period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients presenting with alveolitis and localized osteomyelitis of the jawbones at the age varying from 18 to 65 years have been examined and treated. All the patients were divided into four equal groups. The first group (1) was comprised of the patients who were treated with the combination of the measures which included the course of ozone therapy and LED-emitted red light radiation (630 nm); the patients of the second group (2) were treated using ozone therapy in the combination with LED-emitted green light radiation (530 nm); in the third group (3), ozone therapy in the combination with LED-emitted (470 nm) blue light radiation was used. The patients of the fourth group (4) were managed without the application of the physiotherapeutic factors. To study the effects of ozone therapy and LED-emitted radiation of different wavelengths on the microflora of the extracted tooth socket, the bacteriological analysis was carried out three times - before the treatment, within three and five days after its initiation. RESULTS: The present study has demonstrated that the combination of ozone therapy with LED-emitted (630 nm) red light radiation provides the most efficient tool for the treatment of alveolitis whereas ozone therapy in the combination with LED-emitted (470 nm) blue light radiation should be preferred for the treatment of localized osteomyelitis of the jawbone. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study are of primary importance as giving evidence of the significant reduction in the duration of the rehabilitation period in the patients presenting with alveolitis and localized osteomyelitis of the jawbones.

[The efficacy of electroodontodiagnosis by means of various types of current]. / Éffektivnost' élektroodontodiagnostiki s pomoshch'iu razlichnykh vidov toka.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: determination of the optimal parameters of the action of various types of current, which have the most pronounced irritating effect on the receptor apparatus of the tooth pulp. The study involved 102 volunteers aged 19 to 72 years (53 females and 49 males). The study was conducted on 217 teeth: 86 molars, 25 premolars, 19 canines and 98 incisors. 137 (63%) teeth were intact, in 48 (22%) teeth caries were found, in 32 (15%) teeth there was pulpitis or teeth were depulpated. Electroexcitability of the teeth was determined with the help of various types of electric current: an impulse variable, an impulse constant and a sinusoidal variable. The optimal current for carrying out an electroodontodiagnosis proved to be sinusoidal variable current with a frequency of 50 Hz. This current does not cause polarization of tissues, it is easy to dose, it causes a clear, but not painful sensation, gives the smallest spread of the indicators during repeated studies. The obtained results allowed formulating requirements for electroodontodiagnosis devices.

[Difficulties in the diagnosis of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome in adults]. / Trudnosti diagnostiki gemolitiko-uremicheskogo sindroma, assotsiirovannogo s diareei, u vzroslykh.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare, but menacing condition registered mainly in children. The paper gives a detailed description and analysis of a clinical case of HUS with a favorable outcome in an adult woman who developed the syndrome in the presence of bloody diarrhea. It considers an update on the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of HUS associated with diarrheal syndrome and discusses differential diagnostic features, diagnostic problems, and characteristics of management tactics for patients.

[The experience with the application of ozone therapy for the treatment of periodontitis in musicians-instrumentalists]. / Opyt primeneniia ozonoterapii pri lechenii parodontita u muzykantov-instrumentalistov.

Playing various musical instruments is the cause of an additional load that affects the condition of dentition and of all organs and body systems at large. Each group of instruments is known to exert a specific impact on the health of the musicians including the undesirable influence on the state of thir oral cavity, such as a change of occlusion and irritation of oral mucosa. Taken together, these effects contribute to the development of periodontal disease, one of the most common dental disorders. AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone therapy conducted with the use of the generator producing ozone under effect of ultraviolet radiation for the treatment of periodontitis in musicians-instrumentalists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 42 musicians presenting with the diagnosis of periodontitis who were divided into two groups depending on the severity of the disease. Group 1 was comprised of the subjects with mild periodontitis while group 2 consisted of the musicians having periodontitis of moderate severity. All the participants in the study remained under observation over 6 months during which they were treated by ozone therapy. The results of the treatment were estimated immediately after the onset of therapy as well as within the next 3 and 6 months. The variance analysis with the use of Student's t-test was employed for the statistical treatment of the data obtained. RESULTS: The study has demonstrate that ozone therapy resulted in the reduction of inflammation and normalization of local blood circulation in the periodontal tissues; moreover, it extended and lengthened the periods of remission and stabilization of the process of recovery. CONCLUSION: The results of the study are of primary importance for the maintenance of oral cavity health in musicians-instrumentalists which is indispensable for the maintenance of their successful professional activity.

[Endodontic treatment efficacy enhancement by means of instrumental physiotherapy]. / Povyshenie éffektivnosti éndodonticheskogo lecheniia s pomoshch'iu apparaturnykh metodov.

The article describes in detail and examines the prospects of such methods as electroodontodiagnosis, diathermocoagulation and apex-phoresis. It proves the necessity of development and standardization of devices for the mentioned treatment modalities that will improve the effectiveness an quality of caries complications treatment.

Clinical-microbiological research of action ozone therapy and light-emetting diode radiation of red range (630 nanometers) on microflora of the hole extracted toothatalveolitis and limited osteomyelitis of jaws. / Kliniko-mikrobiologicheskoe issledovanie deistviya ozonoterapii i svetodiodnogo izlucheniya krasnogo diapazona (630 nm) na mikrofloru lunki udalennogo zuba pri al'veolite i ogranichennom osteomielite chelyustei.

As a result of cliniko-microbiological research the data testifying to substantial improvement of efficiency of antimicrobictherape at inclusion in a complex of medical actions at alveolitis and the limited osteomyelitis of a jow ozone therapy in a combination with a light-emettinf diode irradiation of the hole extracted teeth red ( 630 nanometers) are obtained by light.

[Acute and chronic frontitis: the current view of the problem].

The number of patients presenting with the inflammatory diseases of paranasal sinuses remains rather high both in this country and all over the world despite the development of new methods for diagnostics and treatment of this pathology and their extensive application in the clinical practice. The present paper offers a systematic review of the literature concerned with diagnostics of acute and chronic diseases of frontal sinuses published during the period from 2005 to 2011. The analysis of these publications has demonstrated that these diseases still constitute a challenging problem for otorhinolaryngology despite the improvement of technologies for their diagnostics and management. It is concluded that systematization of the available methods for this purpose is needed in conjunction with the standardization of the approaches to the choice of adequate surgical strategies.

[Long-term experience with the use of a device for trepanopuncture of original design].

The paper summarizes the experience with the treatment of more than 2,500 patients by trepanopuncture of frontal sinuses using an original device designed by the author. The instrument allows all intraoperative complications to be avoided, ensures maximally injury-sparing one-step intervention, reduces its duration, and enhances safety due to the use of a short-tube cannula and a cap of large diameter (greater than the tube diameter) limiting the depth of trepanation. The device is fixed on the bony wall of the frontal sinus with side cutting edges of the cannula and bone chip collector to prevent its movements and ensure introduction of the cannula at the desired point of the sinus cavity. Simultaneously, isolation of pathological contents of the frontal sinus from the surrounding soft tissues is achieved. Thread tapping on the walls of the trepanation canal decreases the probability of infection of its surface and bone structures in the frontal region because crumpled bone tissue seals the diploetic layer. Finally, the instrument permits to remove the residual material formed during surgery.

[Further improvement of the methods for the arrest of nasal bleeding].

Gauze tamponade of the nasal cavity is one of the most popular and convenient methods for the arrest of nasal bleeding. We used a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) powder that prevents local fibrinolysis by virtue of its sorption properties. PVP placed on the tampons and insufflated into the nasal cavity after their removal was shown to significantly decrease manifestations of reactive oedema and frequency of recurrent bleeding. These effects are attributable to the modifying action of PVP on fibrin thrombus and amplification of erythrocyte aggregation. On the one hand, fibrin thrombi formed close to the source of bleeding become harder due to the thickening of fibrin filaments; on the other hand, increased permeability of the fibrin network facilitates unobstructed penetration of fibrinolytic factors into the nasal cavity where they are sorbed and inactivated by PVP molecules. The hemostatic effect of PVP is promoted by enhanced erythrocyte aggregation.

[Allergic rhinitis in children as a risk factor of bronchial asthma].

This study was designed to measure hyperreactivity of bronchi in patients aged from 7-8 to 13-14 years presenting with allergic rhinitis. The efficiency of the bronchoprovocative test with physical exercises was shown to be higher than the study of external respiratory function at rest.

[Significance of local pain syndrome in patients with frontitis].

The diagnostic value of local pain symptom as a key sign of frontitis is currently regarded as rather low. It occurred only in 69 (14%) of the 487 patients with this disease examined in the present study. Patients presenting with ambiguous symptoms of uncomplicated unilateral frontitis were studied by rheofrontography using coefficient of asymmetry as a diagnostic criterion (its value in excess of 24% indicates the presence of exudate in the sinus cavity. The electron microscopic study demonstrated the presence of morphologically different cells in frontal sinus mucosa of patients with uncomplicated frontitis with and without local pain symptom. These findings are in excellent agreement with the data on the relationship between immunological and neurogenic components of the inflammatory reaction in patients with diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

[On the problem of medicamentous therapy of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis].

Chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (CPS) is currently regarded as a condition requiring medicamentous therapy rather than surgical treatment at the early stages. The choice of therapeutic modalities depends on pathogenetic mechanisms underlying formation of polyps. The International Consensus Conference on Nasal Polyposis (2006) and European documents EAACI - EP3OS (2007) recommend topical (endonasal) glucocorticoids, systemic antibiotics (long-term treatment with low doses of macrolides), antimycotic preparations, and other pharmaceuticals as the main medicinal products for the management of polypous rhinosinusitis (PR). Based on the concept of CPS as an immune-dependent condition, the authors developed the rationale for the use of immunomodulators in combination with etiotropic drugs (antiviral, antibacterial, and antimycotic) for the management of this disease. Advantages of Imunofan application (both local and systemic) during surgical intervention for the treatment of nasal polyps are discussed. It is concluded that combined medicamentous treatment restricts the growth and recurrence of nasal polyps.

[Digital diaphanographic diagnostics of frontitis].

A diaphanographic technique for the examination of frontal sinuses modified based on computed technologies is proposed. Digital diaphanograms were fed into the operational system of a personal computer and treated the images using the specially developed programs. The quantitative analysis of digital diaphanographic data was performed with the help of local densitometry of diaphanograms. It was shown that optical density of diaphanograms reflects the degree of inflammatory changes in the sinus. The method applied in this study allowed to improve the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis of frontitis and to monitor efficiency of its treatment.

[Evaluation of antibacterial activity of apex-phoresis].

Effects of apex-phoresis on dental root canal microflora were studied and optimal dosage parameters were determined. Microbiological study in vitro has established that optimal antibacterial effect was achieved with the apex-phoresis dosage in the range between 2.5-5 mA/min. Study of the effects of apex-phoresis on dental root canal microflora in vivo disclosed its high antibacterial activity both in cases of pulpitis and destructive forms of chronic periodontitis. For the first time the data are confirmed by molecular-genetic method of detection of hard to cultivate virulent anaerobic bacteria. The results of the study allow to recommend apex-phoresis for wide use in clinical practice as an effective way to sterilize difficult to traverse dental root canals.