[Prospects of use of research results for drugs with anitihypoxic and antioxidative properties in neuroprotective treatment strategies (Opinion of the Council of Experts dated 26 March 2022)]. / Perspektiva ispol'zovaniya rezul'tatov issledovaniya preparatov s anitigipoksantnymi i antioksidantnymi svoistvami v neiroprotektivnoi strategii lecheniya (Zaklyuchenie soveta ekspertov ot 26 marta 2022 g.).

Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death and permanent disability. Effective and timely neuroprotective therapy can reduce the burden of cerebrovascular disease. The possibilities of neuroprotection as a method of prevention and medical rehabilitation of acute and chronic cerebrovascular diseases are addressed.

[The influence of age and gender on the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular risks]. / Vliyanie vozrasta i gendera na kharakteristiki narusheniya kognitivnykh funktsii u patsientov s faktorami serdechno-sosudistogo riska.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the features of cognitive impairment in patients with vascular risk factors, depending on age and gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The observational cross-sectional study included data from 1.651 patients aged 45 to 84 years with vascular risk factors from various regions of the Russian Federation. The presence and nature of cognitive impairment (CI) were detected using the MOCA test, taking into account the total MOCA score and MOCA indexes evaluating violations of individual cognitive functions (memory, attention, speech, executive and visual-constructive functions, orientation). RESULTS: CI was detected in 89.2% of the surveyed (the total score of the MOCA <26). In middle-aged patients, 45-49 years old, executive functions and attention suffered more. The negative dynamics of CI significantly worsened in the age range of 70-75 years, statistically significantly increased every subsequent five years and was manifested by deterioration both in the mnestic sphere and in other cognitive domains. Statistically significant differences in the indicators of the total MOCA score in women and men were revealed at the age of 80-84 years (16.1 vs. 13.8 points, respectively, p=0.0279). By the age of 80-84, women had higher indicators of attention (p=0.025) and orientation (p=0.028) than men of the same age. CONCLUSION: The data obtained make it possible to identify patients, regardless of gender, under the age of 70 as an important target group for the treatment and more aggressive prevention of CI.

[Pathomorphological features of baby shaking syndrome]. / Patomorfologicheskie osobennosti sindroma tryaski mladentsa.

The aim of study is to identify pathomorphological changes of the Central nervous system in childhood with rarely diagnosed of «baby shaking¼ syndrome on the example of sectional case. The analysis of medical documentation (medical history and outpatient card of the child) was done. The standard method of opening the skull cavity of infants was used. Histological cuts of autopsy material were treated with hematoxilin-eosin coloring. The relationship of clinical and morphological manifestations of this pathology with anatomical and physiological features of the structure of the Central nervous system and its blood supply in children was stated. We describe in details the characteristic pathomorphological changes in the brain in childhood that occur with this syndrome. Dark red «flattened¼ blood coagulations of subtentorial localization and in the left convexital region were visualized in the cranial cavity. We paid attention to the presence of numerous bridge veins of the brain, flowing into the sagittal sinus (frontal and parietal) and the transverse sinus.

Effect of prolonged beta-carotene or DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on ornithine decarboxylase activity in human atrophic stomach mucosa.

The effect of beta-carotene and DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (alpha-TAc) on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in human atrophic stomach mucosa and intestinal metaplasia (IM) was studied in a double-blind intervention trial. Persons (227) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and/or atrophic gastritis (AG) were examined. It was found that ODC activity in the biopsies of antral mucosa increased gradually from normal mucosa (7.2 +/- 1.8 units) to superficial gastritis (22.7 +/- 5.9 units) and to AG (54.2 +/- 6.9 units). Enzyme activity in cases of IM did not differ from atrophic mucosa without IM (56.1 +/- 8.0 versus 51.4 +/- 5.6 units; P > 0.05). For the intervention trial, 3 groups of 20 patients with AG were studied. Patients were supplemented daily for 1 year with beta-C (20 mg; group 1), alpha-TAc (55 mg; group 2), or placebo (group 3). No significant change in ODC activity was observed in placebo-treated subjects during 1-year follow-up. During the first 3 months, beta-C supplementation resulted in about a 50% decrease in ODC activity in atrophic mucosa. A moderate decrease in ODC activity of approximately 18% was observed after 6 months supplementation with alpha-TAc. The possible role of ODC in gastric carcinogenesis is discussed.