Identifying behaviour-related and physiological risk factors for suicide attempts in the UK Biobank.

Suicide is a global public health challenge, yet considerable uncertainty remains regarding the associations of both behaviour-related and physiological factors with suicide attempts (SA). Here we first estimated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for SA in 334,706 UK Biobank participants and conducted phenome-wide association analyses considering 2,291 factors. We identified 246 (63.07%) behaviour-related and 200 (10.41%, encompassing neuroimaging, blood and metabolic biomarkers, and proteins) physiological factors significantly associated with SA-PRS, with robust associations observed in lifestyle factors and mental health. Further case-control analyses involving 3,558 SA cases and 149,976 controls mirrored behaviour-related associations observed with SA-PRS. Moreover, Mendelian randomization analyses supported a potential causal effect of liability to 58 factors on SA, such as age at first intercourse, neuroticism, smoking, overall health rating and depression. Notably, machine-learning classification models based on behaviour-related factors exhibited high discriminative accuracy in distinguishing those with and without SA (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.909 ± 0.006). This study provides comprehensive insights into diverse risk factors for SA, shedding light on potential avenues for targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

HSF5 Deficiency Causes Male Infertility Involving Spermatogenic Arrest at Meiotic Prophase I in Humans and Mice.

Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that generates gametes for sexual reproduction. However, the factors and underlying mechanisms involving meiotic progression remain largely unknown, especially in humans. Here, it is first showed that HSF5 is associated with human spermatogenesis. Patients with a pathogenic variant of HSF5 are completely infertile. Testicular histologic findings in the patients reveal rare postmeiotic germ cells resulting from meiotic prophase I arrest. Hsf5 knockout (KO) mice confirms that the loss of HSF5 causes defects in meiotic recombination, crossover formation, sex chromosome synapsis, and sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), which may contribute to spermatocyte arrest at the late pachytene stage. Importantly, spermatogenic arrest can be rescued by compensatory HSF5 adeno-associated virus injection into KO mouse testes. Mechanistically, integrated analysis of RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data revealed that HSF5 predominantly binds to promoters of key genes involved in crossover formation (e.g., HFM1, MSH5 and MLH3), synapsis (e.g., SYCP1, SYCP2 and SYCE3), recombination (TEX15), and MSCI (MDC1) and further regulates their transcription during meiotic progression. Taken together, the study demonstrates that HSF5 modulates the transcriptome to ensure meiotic progression in humans and mice. These findings will aid in genetic diagnosis of and potential treatments for male infertility.

The cuproptosis-related signature predicts the prognosis and immune microenvironments of primary diffuse gliomas: a comprehensive analysis.

BACKGROUND: Evidence has revealed a connection between cuproptosis and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. While the efficacy of a model based on cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in predicting the prognosis of peripheral organ tumors has been demonstrated, the impact of CRGs on the prognosis and the immunological landscape of gliomas remains unexplored. METHODS: We screened CRGs to construct a novel scoring tool and developed a prognostic model for gliomas within the various cohorts. Afterward, a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between the CRG risk signature and the immunological landscape of gliomas was undertaken from multiple perspectives. RESULTS: Five genes (NLRP3, ATP7B, SLC31A1, FDX1, and GCSH) were identified to build a CRG scoring system. The nomogram, based on CRG risk and other signatures, demonstrated a superior predictive performance (AUC of 0.89, 0.92, and 0.93 at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively) in the training cohort. Furthermore, the CRG score was closely associated with various aspects of the immune landscape in gliomas, including immune cell infiltration, tumor mutations, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion, immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T lymphocyte and immune exhaustion-related markers, as well as cancer signaling pathway biomarkers and cytokines. CONCLUSION: The CRG risk signature may serve as a robust biomarker for predicting the prognosis and the potential viability of immunotherapy responses. Moreover, the key candidate CRGs might be promising targets to explore the underlying biological background and novel therapeutic interventions in gliomas.

SNX5-Rab11a protects against cardiac hypertrophy through regulating LRP6 membrane translocation.

BACKGROUNDS: Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is considered one of the independent risk factors for heart failure, with a rather complex pathogenic machinery. Sorting nexins (SNXs), denoting a diverse family of cytoplasmic- and membrane-associated phosphoinositide-binding proteins, act as a pharmacological target against specific cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Family member SNX5 was reported to play a pivotal role in a variety of biological processes. However, contribution of SNX5 to the development of cardiac hypertrophy, remains unclear. METHODS: Mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce cardiac hypertrophy and simulate pathological conditions. TAC model was validated using echocardiography and histological staining. Expression of SNX5 was assessed by western blotting. Then, SNX5 was delivered through intravenous administration of an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 carrying cTnT promoter (AAV9-cTnT-SNX5) to achieve SNX5 cardiac-specific overexpression. To assess the impact of SNX5, morphological analysis, echocardiography, histological staining, hypertrophic biomarkers, and cardiomyocyte contraction were evaluated. To unravel potential molecular events associated with SNX5, interactome analysis, fluorescence co-localization, and membrane protein profile were evaluated. RESULTS: Our results revealed significant downregulated protein level of SNX5 in TAC-induced hypertrophic hearts in mice. Interestingly, cardiac-specific overexpression of SNX5 improved cardiac function, with enhanced left ventricular ejection fraction, fraction shortening, as well as reduced cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, SNX5 directly bound to Rab11a, increasing membrane accumulation of Rab11a (a Rab GTPase). Afterwards, this intricate molecular interaction upregulated the membrane content of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a key regulator against cardiac hypertrophy. Our comprehensive assessment of siRab11a expression in HL-1 cells revealed its role in antagonism of LRP6 membrane accumulation under SNX5 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that binding of SNX5 with LRP6 triggers their membrane translocation through Rab11a assisting, defending against cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction under pressure overload. These findings provide new insights into the previously unrecognized role of SNX5 in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy.

Flow pattern maps of double emulsions transporting through bifurcation microchannels.

The transportation behaviors of compound droplets in confined channels are widespread phenomena while the physical mechanisms are far from being completely unraveled. In this work, behaviors of double emulsions flowing through bifurcation microchannels are experimentally studied with the aim of building universal flow pattern maps. Three flow patterns are categorized according to different features of daughter droplets in terms of size, uniformity, and shell thickness. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of interfacial evolutions in different patterns is carried out and the coupling interaction between interfaces is found to affect the minimum tail distance during transportation. It is feasible to obtain the threshold of the occurrence of the coupling interaction, due to the different variation tendencies in the two states, which relies on three dimensionless parameters, i.e. droplet length, length ratio, and capillary number. Furthermore, a novel physical model is proposed to build the flow pattern map, with the two transition boundaries being expressed as different relationships in terms of the three identified parameters. The physical mechanisms are summarized with the aid of force analysis. An excellent agreement is shown between the model and experimental results in different liquid systems and bifurcation structures, indicating the generality of the proposed model.

[Design and application of alaryngeal mask and monitoring device facilitating withdrawal of endotracheal tube].

Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a surgical method for quickly establishing an artificial airway, which has been favored by clinicians because of its simple operation, small trauma and bedside operation. However, for patients with tracheal intubation in intensive care unit (ICU), the tip and balloon of the existing endotracheal tube will not only hinder percutaneous puncture, but also hinder insertion of guidewire and tracheotomy tube, and consequently affect the process of PDT. On the contrary, blind withdrawal of the existing endotracheal tube may cause the tracheal tube tipleave the glottis, leading to an emergency airway situation that endangers the patient's life. Therefore, the medical staff from intensive care medicine department of the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou designed a laryngeal mask and its monitoring device, which is convenient for withdrawal of endotracheal tube, and obtained the national utility model patent of China (patent number: ZL 2020 2 2795887.1). The device is composed of a laryngeal mask and a monitoring device. The laryngeal mask mainly includes a laryngeal mask body, a vent tube, a guidance tube and other components. The laryngeal mask body is mainly used to seal the throat and provide the air supply channel for the patient together with the ventilation tube. The main function of the guidance tube is to accommodate the tracheal tube and facilitate the withdrawal of the inserted tracheal tube. During percutaneous dilatation tracheotomy, this device can monitor the withdrawal of tracheal catheter in real time, and immediately ensure the airway patency of patients without re-intubation when the cuff of tracheal catheter exits the glottis. The utility model has the advantages of real-time monitoring, simple operation, safety and convenience, and is worthy of transformation and promotion.

Clinical Features and Histopathological Analysis of Oral Lichen Planus: An Analysis of 105 Chinese Patients.

PURPOSE: To study the clinical and pathological characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP) in a large sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 105 patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), considering various factors including sex, age, disease site, lesion type, lesion area, morphological characteristics, self-reported symptoms, and history of systemic diseases. Histopathological examination was performed for each patient, and the pathology results were analysed according to sex and age group. RESULTS: 70.5% of the OLP patients were female, and OLP was most likely to occur in the cheek, followed by the tongue, lips, gums and palate. The patients with moderate pain according to the VAS score accounted for 60%. Thirty-nine percent of the OLP patients had a systemic disease, and the most common clinical type of OLP was nonerosive. Most of the pathological results showed liquefaction degeneration of basal cells and infiltration of lamina propria lymphocytes. There was no statistically significant difference in pathological manifestations between male and female patients, and there were statistically significant differences in pathological manifestations among different ages patients. CONCLUSION: This study analysed the sociodemographic data and clinical manifestations of 105 OLP patients to guide follow-up treatment planning and disease monitoring. Moreover, pathological manifestations should be analysed to avoid delayed treatment and to monitor for carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the correlation of pathological manifestations among OLP patients with different sexes and ages is conducive to further research on the specific differential manifestations and possible underlying mechanisms involved.

Patient-reported outcomes for the phase 3 FURLONG study of furmonertinib versus gefitinib as first-line therapy for Chinese patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Furmonertinib showed superior efficacy compared with gefitinib as first-line therapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the FURLONG study. Here we present prespecified secondary endpoints of patient-reported outcomes (PRO). Methods: In this multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised phase 3 study, patients were 1:1 randomly assigned to receive furmonertinib 80 mg once daily or gefitinib 250 mg once daily. PROs assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core 30 and Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Lung Cancer 13 were analysed using a mixed model for repeated measures and time-to-event analyses. A difference in score of 10 points or more was deemed clinically relevant. Findings: Three hundred and fifty-seven patients (furmonertinib group, n = 178; gefitinib group, n = 179) received at least one dose of the study drug, all of whom completed at least one PRO assessment. Statistically significant difference of overall score changes from baseline favoured furmonertinib in physical functioning (between-group difference 2.14 [95% CI 0.25-4.04], p = 0.027), nausea/vomiting (-1.56 [95% CI -2.62 to -0.49], p = 0.004), appetite loss (-2.24 [95% CI -4.26 to -0.23], p = 0.029), diarrhoea (-3.36 [95% CI -5.19 to -1.54], p < 0.001), alopecia (-2.62 [95% CI -4.54 to -0.71], p = 0.007), and pain in other parts (-4.55 [95% CI -7.37 to -1.74], p = 0.002), but not reached clinical relevance. Time to deterioration in physical functioning (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.42-0.94], p = 0.021), cognitive functioning (0.73 [95% CI 0.54-0.98], p = 0.034), nausea/vomiting (0.64 [95% CI 0.41-0.99], p = 0.042), appetite loss (0.63 [95% CI 0.43-0.92], p = 0.016), diarrhoea (0.63 [95% CI 0.46-0.85], p = 0.002), dyspnoea (0.72 [95% CI 0.53-0.98], p = 0.034), cough (0.67 [95% CI 0.44-1.00], p = 0.049), dysphagia (0.54 [95% CI 0.35-0.83], p = 0.004), and alopecia (0.62 [95% CI 0.42-0.90], p = 0.012) was longer with furmonertinib versus gefitinib. Interpretation: In patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, furmonertinib showed improved scores and delayed deterioration in several functioning and symptoms compared to gefitinib. Funding: Shanghai Allist Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd and the National Science and Technology Major Project for Key New Drug Development (2017ZX09304015).

A fluorinated metal-organic framework-based quasi-solid electrolyte for stabilizing Li metal anodes.

A fluorinated quasi-solid electrolyte (QSE) with a high conductivity of 2.3 mS cm-1 is meticulously designed for Li metal batteries. It facilitates the formation of a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface that effectively enhances the reversibility of Li anodes. The assembled Li|QSE|LiFePO4 batteries exhibit 92.3% capacity retention after 1500 cycles and an impressive capacity of up to 45 mA h g-1 at 20C.

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution with Local Frequency Reference.

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD) overcomes the linear rate-loss limit, which promises a boost of secure key rate over long distance. However, the complexity of eliminating the frequency differences between the independent laser sources hinders its practical application. We analyzed and determined the frequency stability requirements for implementing TFQKD using frequency-stabilized lasers. Based on this analysis, we proposed and demonstrated a simple and practical approach that utilizes the saturated absorption spectroscopy of acetylene as an absolute reference, eliminating the need for fast frequency locking to achieve TFQKD. Adopting the 4-intensity sending-or-not-sending TFQKD protocol, we experimentally demonstrated the TFQKD over 502, 301, and 201 km ultralow-loss optical fiber, respectively. We expect this high-performance scheme will find widespread usage in future intercity and free-space quantum communication networks.

A quadrivalent norovirus vaccine based on a chimpanzee adenovirus vector induces potent immunity in mice.

Norovirus (NoV) infection is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. The virus poses great challenges in developing vaccines with broad immune protection due to its genetic and antigenic diversity. To date, there are no approved NoV vaccines for clinical use. Here, we aimed to develop a broad-acting quadrivalent NoV vaccine based on a chimpanzee adenovirus vector, AdC68, carrying the major capsid protein (VP1) of noroviral GI and GII genotypes. Compared to intramuscular (i.m.), intranasal (i.n.), or other prime-boost immunization regimens (i.m. + i.m., i.m. + i.n., i.n. + i.m.), AdC68-GI.1-GII.3 (E1)-GII.4-GII.17 (E3), administered via i.n. + i.n. induced higher titers of serum IgG antibodies and higher IgA antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and saliva against the four homologous VP1s in mice. It also significantly stimulated the production of blocking antibodies against the four genotypes. In response to re-stimulation with virus-like particles (VLP)-GI.1, VLP-GII.3, VLP-GII.4, and VLP-GII.17, the quadrivalent vaccine administered according to the i.n. + i.n. regimen effectively triggered specific cell-mediated immune responses, primarily characterized by IFN-γ secretion. Furthermore, the preparation of this novel quadrivalent NoV vaccine requires only a single recombinant adenovirus vector to provide broad preventive immunity against the major GI/GII epidemic strains, making it a promising vaccine candidate for further development.

Long-term effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on profile distribution and characteristics of dissolved organic matter in fluvo-aquic soil.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) drives numerous biogeochemical processes (e.g. carbon cycling) in agro-ecosystems and is sensitive to fertilization management. Nevertheless, changes in the quantity and quality of DOM in the vertical soil profile following long-term continuous nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs remain unclear. In this study, the contents and optical characteristics of DOM along a 2-m soil profile were investigated using a 40-year wheat/maize rotation combined with experiments using different N and P fertilization rates in the North China Plain. The results revealed that the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content decreased with an increase in soil depths. Compared with that in the control (no fertilization), 40-year N, P, and N + P additions increased the soil DOC content by 26%-69%, except for 270-kg N, and 67.5-kg P treatments. N + P application resulted in higher DOC contents than N-alone and P-alone applications. N, P, and N + P inputs increased or did not affect the aromaticity and hydrophobicity of DOM at 0-40 cm but reduced them from 40 to 200 cm. Compared with that in the control, N, P, and N + P inputs enhanced the content of humic acid-like substances (C1+C2+C3+C4) and decreased the content of protein-like substance (C5). C1 was the dominant component among the five DOM, representing the microbial humic component. Optical indices also indicated that soil DOM primarily originated from microbial sources. Nutrient addition accelerated transformation between complex C1 and simple C5 via promoting microbial activities. These results imply that N and P fertilizers increased the DOM content and altered its composition, thereby potentially affecting the stability of soil organic matter in the agroe-cosystems.

Tendon Decellularized Matrix Modified Fibrous Scaffolds with Porous and Crimped Microstructure for Tendon Regeneration.

Current engineered synthetic scaffolds fail to functionally repair and regenerate ruptured native tendon tissues, partly because they cannot satisfy both the unique biological and biomechanical properties of these tissues. Ideal scaffolds for tendon repair and regeneration need to provide porous topographic structures and biological cues necessary for the efficient infiltration and tenogenic differentiation of embedded stem cells. To obtain crimped and porous scaffolds, highly aligned poly(l-lactide) fibers were prepared by electrospinning followed by postprocessing. Through a mild and controlled hydrogen gas foaming technique, we successfully transformed the crimped fibrous mats into three-dimensional porous scaffolds without sacrificing the crimped microstructure. Porcine derived decellularized tendon matrix was then grafted onto this porous scaffold through fiber surface modification and carbodiimide chemistry. These biofunctionalized, crimped, and porous scaffolds supported the proliferation, migration, and tenogenic induction of tendon derived stem/progenitor cells, while enabling adhesion to native tendons. Together, our data suggest that these biofunctionalized scaffolds can be exploited as promising engineered scaffolds for the treatment of acute tendon rupture.

Ultralow-Frequency Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Discovers Nanoscale Radial Breathing Mode on Strained 2D Semiconductors.

Collective excitations including plasmons, magnons, and layer-breathing vibration modes emerge at an ultralow frequency (<1 THz) and are crucial for understanding van der Waals materials. Strain at the nanoscale can drastically change the property of van der Waals materials and create localized states like quantum emitters. However, it remains unclear how nanoscale strain changes collective excitations. Herein, ultralow-frequency tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) with sub-10 nm resolution under ambient conditions is developed to explore the localized collective excitation on monolayer semiconductors with nanoscale strains. A new vibrational mode is discovered at around 12 cm-1 (0.36 THz) on monolayer MoSe2 nanobubbles and it is identified as the radial breathing mode (RBM) of the curved monolayer. The correlation is determined between the RBM frequency and the strain by simultaneously performing deterministic nanoindentation and TERS measurement on monolayer MoSe2. The generality of the RBM in nanoscale curved monolayer WSe2 and bilayer MoSe2 is demonstrated. Using the RBM frequency, the strain of the monolayer MoSe2 on the nanoscale can be mapped. Such an ultralow-frequency vibration from curved van der Waals materials provides a new approach to study nanoscale strains and points to more localized collective excitations to be discovered at the nanoscale.

Exposure to a mixture of metal(loid)s and sleep quality in pregnant women during early pregnancy: A cross-sectional study.

Biological characteristics of pregnant women during early pregnancy make them susceptible to both poor sleep quality and metal/metalloid exposure. However, the effects of metal(loid) exposure on sleep quality in pregnant women remain unknown and unexplored. We aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to a mixture of metal(loid)s and pregnant women's sleep quality during early pregnancy. We recruited 493 pregnant women in the first trimester from prenatal clinics in Jinan, Shandong Province, China, and collected their spot urine samples. All urine specimens were assessed for eight metal(loid)s: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg). We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality. Linear regression, logistic regression, generalized additive models (GAMs), quantile g-computation, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to investigate the relationships between metal(loid) exposure and sleep quality. The results from single metal(loid) models, quantile g-computation models, and BKMR models consistently suggested that Fe was positively related to women's sleep quality. Moreover, in the quantile g-computation models, As was the most critical contributor to the negative effects of the metal(loid) mixture on sleep quality. In addition, we found significant As by Fe interaction for scores of PSQI and habitual sleep efficiency, Pb by Fe interaction for PSQI and sleep latency, and Hg by Fe interaction for PSQI, suggesting the interactive effects of As and Fe, Pb and Fe, Hg and Fe on sleep quality and specific sleep components. Our study provided the first-hand evidence of the effects of metal(loid) exposure on pregnant women's sleep quality. The underlying mechanisms need to be explored in the future.

Suppressing UBE2N ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology through the clearance of amyloid beta.

INTRODUCTION: Aging is one of the risk factors for the early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously discovered that the age-dependent increase in Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 N (UBE2N) plays a role in the accumulation of misfolded proteins through K63 ubiquitination, which has been linked to AD pathogenesis. However, the impact of UBE2N on amyloid pathology and clearance has remained unknown. RESULTS: We observed the elevated UBE2N during the amyloid beta (Aß) generation in the brains of 5×FAD, APP/PS1 mice, and patients with AD, in comparison to healthy individuals. UBE2N overexpression exacerbated amyloid deposition in 5×FAD mice and senescent monkeys, whereas knocking down UBE2N via CRISPR/Cas9 reduced Aß generation and cognitive deficiency. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of UBE2N ameliorated Aß pathology and subsequent transcript defects in 5×FAD mice. DISCUSSION: We have discovered that age-dependent expression of UBE2N is a critical regulator of AD pathology. Our findings suggest that UBE2N could serve as a potential pharmacological target for the advancement of AD therapeutics. HIGHLIGHTS: Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 N (UBE2N) level was elevated during amyloid beta (Aß) deposition in AD mouse and patients' brains. UBE2N exacerbated Aß generation in the AD mouse and senescent monkey. Drug inhibition of UBE2N ameliorated Aß pathology and cognitive deficiency.

The causal relationship between human brain morphometry and knee osteoarthritis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent and debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide, yet its underlying etiology remains poorly understood. Recent advances in neuroimaging and genetic methodologies offer new avenues to explore the potential neuropsychological contributions to KOA. This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between brain-wide morphometric variations and KOA using a genetic epidemiology approach. Method: Leveraging data from 36,778 UK Biobank participants for human brain morphometry and 487,411 UK Biobank participants for KOA, this research employed a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) approach to explore the causal effects of 83 brain-wide volumes on KOA. The primary method of analysis was the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) and Wald Ratio (WR) method, complemented by MR Egger and IVW methods for heterogeneity and pleiotropy assessments. A significance threshold of p < 0.05 was set to determine causality. The analysis results were assessed for heterogeneity using the MR Egger and IVW methods. Brain-wide volumes with Q_pval < 0.05 were considered indicative of heterogeneity. The MR Egger method was employed to evaluate the pleiotropy of the analysis results, with brain-wide volumes having a p-value < 0.05 considered suggestive of pleiotropy. Results: Our findings revealed significant causal associations between KOA and eight brain-wide volumes: Left parahippocampal volume, Right posterior cingulate volume, Left transverse temporal volume, Left caudal anterior cingulate volume, Right paracentral volume, Left paracentral volume, Right lateral orbitofrontal volume, and Left superior temporal volume. These associations remained robust after tests for heterogeneity and pleiotropy, underscoring their potential role in the pathogenesis of KOA. Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence of the causal relationships between specific brain morphometries and KOA, suggesting that neuroanatomical variations might contribute to the risk and development of KOA. These findings pave the way for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying KOA and may eventually lead to the development of new intervention strategies targeting these neuropsychological pathways.

Renal function after ureteral reconstruction surgery in patients with solitary kidney.

Background: Ureteral strictures (US) could lead to impaired kidney function, which was alleviated by ureteral reconstruction surgery. However, solitary kidney (SK) patients with US were more complicated to treat. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of reconstruction surgery on renal function based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with SK. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent reconstruction surgery between April 2014 to March 2022. eGFR was measured pre- and postoperatively. The 'static renal function' was defined as a change in eGFR of 20% or less at the last follow-up, and the 'worsening renal function group' was defined as a decrease of greater than 20%. Results: A total of 61 SK patients were involved. The success rate of ureteral reconstruction surgery was 90.16% (55/61). The median follow-up time was 20.8 months (range, 3.7-109.2 months). The median eGFR was 65.5 (range, 15.1-99.9) and 65.3 (range, 3.8-123.4) mL/min/1.73 m2 at the baseline and the last follow-up. No statistically significant difference in eGFR was observed between the preoperative baseline and last follow-up visits (P=0.58). However, in patients with baseline renal dysfunction [chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-5], the eGFR significantly improved at the last follow-up compared to the baseline (P=0.02). Three patients developed a 'worsening renal function' (4.92%). Besides, the systolic blood pressures (SBP) at follow-up significantly reduced compared to the preoperative baseline (P=0.002). Conclusions: Ureteral reconstruction surgery is an effective treatment to preserve renal function, which also achieves a high success rate and is associated with the reduction of SBP for SK patients with US.

The role of amino acid metabolism alterations in acute ischemic stroke: From mechanism to application.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most prevalent type of stroke, and due to its high incidence, disability rate, and mortality rate, it imposes a significant burden on the health care system. Amino acids constitute one of the most crucial metabolic products within the human body, and alterations in their metabolic pathways have been identified in the microenvironment of AIS, thereby influencing the pathogenesis, severity, and prognosis of AIS. The amino acid metabolism characteristics in AIS are complex. On one hand, the dynamic progression of AIS continuously reshapes the amino acid metabolism pattern. Conversely, changes in the amino acid metabolism pattern also exert a double-edged effect on AIS. This interaction is bidirectional, dynamic, heterogeneous, and dose-specific. Therefore, the distinctive metabolic reprogramming features surrounding amino acids during the AIS process are systematically summarized in this paper, aiming to provide potential investigative strategies for the early diagnosis, treatment approaches, and prognostic enhancement of AIS.

Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene enhances the sensitivity of airway epithelial cells to ferroptosis and aggravates asthma.

Particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) exposure induces oxidative stress in lung tissues. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death based on oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation. Whether PM2.5 exposure-induced oxidative stress can promote ferroptosis to aggravate asthma is not known. To investigate if PM2.5 exposure induces oxidative stress to promote ferroptosis and influence asthma development, a cockroach extract-induced asthma model in mice was used for in vivo studies. Airway epithelial cell (AEC) ferroptosis was detected by assays (CCK8, malonaldehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal). Molecular mechanisms were investigated by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, flow cytometry, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We found that exposure to PM2.5 and Indeno[1,2,3-cd] pyrene (IP; one of the prominent absorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5) enhanced the sensitivity of AECs to ferroptosis to aggravate asthma, whereas ferroptosis inhibitors and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) inhibitors reversed this augmented inflammatory response in mice suffering from asthma. IP treatment enhanced cPLA2 expression/activation through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) genomic and non-genomic pathways, resulting in arachidonic-acid release to promote the sensitivity of AECs to ferroptosis. IP exposure enhanced the release of leukotriene-B4 from lung macrophages, resulting in enhanced expression of acyl-coA synthetase long chain family member4(ACSL4) and the sensitivity of AECs to ferroptosis. This finding suggests that exposure to PM2.5 and IP promote ferroptosis sensitivity in AECs to aggravate asthma, which may provide new targets for the prevention and treatment of asthma.