Puerarin-coated gold nanoparticles (PUE-AuNPs) synthesized via green synthetic route: a new colorimetric probe for the detection of ciprofloxacin.

Puerarin-coated gold nanoparticles (PUE-AuNPs) synthesized via green synthetic route, a new colorimetric sensor, efficiently detected the ciprofloxacin (CP) in tap water and cow milk samples. The PUE-AuNPs were characterized by UV-visible, FTIR, AFM, and DLS techniques and were found to be spherical with an average size of approximately 19-20 nm. FTIR spectrum confirms that functional groups such as -OH, -C=O, -CO and -C=C were responsible for the reduction of gold (III) chloride trihydrate. These functional groups acted as capping agents to form AuNPs. The PUE-AuNPs sensor was proved to be selective and sensitive for the detection of CP through colorimetric method within the concentration of 1 to 1000 µM and the limit of detection was 51 µM. This colorimetric sensor is simple, cost-effective, and selective towards CP detection in environmental (tap water and milk) samples.

Atenolol thiourea hybrid as potent urease inhibitors: Design, biology-oriented drug synthesis, inhibitory activity screening, and molecular docking studies.

Current research deals with the biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS) of twenty-three new thiourea analogs of pharmacologically important drug atenolol which is a well-known medicine to treat hypertension as well as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Structural characterization of all compounds was done by various spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1-23 were subjected for urease inhibitory activity in vitro. Screening results revealed that whole library was found to be active having IC50 ranges from 11.73 ±â€¯0.28 to 212.24 ±â€¯0.42 µM. It is noteworthy that several derivatives including 3 (IC50 = 21.65 ±â€¯0.31 µM), 8 (IC50 = 19.26 ±â€¯0.42 µM), 9 (IC50 = 21.27 ±â€¯0.25 µM), 12 (IC50 = 21.52 ±â€¯0.42 µM), 17 (IC50 = 19.26 ±â€¯0.42 µM), 20 (IC50 = 16.78 ±â€¯0.34 µM), and 22 (IC50 = 11.73 ±â€¯0.28 µM) showed excellent inhibitory potential than parent atenolol (IC50 = 64.36 ±â€¯0.19 µM) and standard thiourea (IC50 = 21.74 ±â€¯1.76 µM). A most probable structure-activity relationship (SAR) was anticipated by observing varying degree of inhibitory potential given by compounds. However, molecular insights regarding the binding mode of atenolol thiourea analogs within the active pocket of urease enzyme was rationalized by molecular docking studies.

Phytochemical and Biological Activities of Pseudocalymma elegans: A False Garlic.

Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hexane (PELH), dichloromethane (PELDCM), ethyl acetate (PELEA), and MeOH (PELM) extracts of young leaves of Pseudocalymma elegans have been carried out. Moreover, extracts have also been explored for the presence of sulphur containing compounds, 1,2-dithiolane (33), diallyl disulfide (35), 3-vinyl-1,2-dithiacyclohex-5-ene (37), and diallyl trisulfide (38) responsible for the garlic like smell of P. elegans. All the extracts were found to be antioxidant and showed potent inhibition with IC50 values of 0.168 ± 0.001, 0.128 ± 0.002, 0.221 ± 0.011, and 0.054 ± 0.001, respectively, as compared to standard drugs ascorbic acid (AA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The ethyl acetate extract (PELE) showed excellent activities against few Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and some fungi as compared with standard drug ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin) and nystatin, respectively. Chemical constituents of hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass spectral library search. Over all 55 chemical constituents were first time identified from the leaves which included branched and n-hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty alcohols, terpenes, alkaloid, vitamins, glycosides, aromatic compounds, and sulfur containing compounds. Two known chemical constituents, ursolic acid (1) and ß-amyrin (2), were also purified for the first time from the MeOH extract. To elucidate the structures of these compounds, UV, IR, EI-MS, 1 H- and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy were used.