Posterior segment diseases.

Diseases of the vitreous, fundus and optic nerve are described and illustrated according to their ophthalmological appearance. Vitreal alterations are commonly of developmental, degenerative, age related, traumatic or inflammatory origin and of minor clinical relevance. In contrast, those affecting the fundus, may be accompanied by visual deficits or blindness. Fundic lesions of inflammatory (multifocal or peripapillary chorioretinitis, haemorrhage, retinal detachment) and traumatic origin have to be differentiated from congenital (congenital stationary night blindness, colobomatous defects, retinal dysplasia), degenerative (cystic retinal degeneration), metabolic (equine motor neuron disease), neoplastic and age related alterations (senile retinopathy). Inflammation (acute neurochorioretinitis) and ischaemia (ischaemic neuro-chorioretinopathy) involving the optic nerve will lead to blindness. The optic disc can be aplastic/hypoplastic or excavated due to coloboma or glaucoma, affected by ligation of the carotid and palatine arteries. Optic disc masses may arise due to inflammation, severe systemic haemorrhage, neoplasia or trauma. Lesions of the retrobulbar optic nerve can be caused by Borna virus infection, fungal granuloma, toxic insult, halicephalobiasis, trauma, severe blood loss and infection of the sphenopalatine sinus.

[Retinal and corneal dysplasias in the Yorkshire terrier and other dog breeds in Austria]. / Retina- und Korneadysplasie beim Yorkshire-terrier und anderen Hunderassen in Osterreich.

Mother and son of a Yorkshire Terrier family showed excessive multifocal retinal dysplasia (RD1) and geographical retinal dysplasia (RD2), intra- and preretinal hemorrhages partial and total retinal detachment (total RD/RD3), residues of the pupillary membrane and as a newness in this combination a geographical, subepithelial corneal opacity, composed of small dots. One, not examined son of the same litter was congenitally blind. Similar corneal opacities were also found in two Rough Collies affected with CEA, RD, and microphthalmia, a young German Wirehair Pointer with primary absolute glaucoma in conjunction with goniodysplasia and RD in the healthy seeming fellow eye as well as in a poodle puppy affected with bilateral posterior suture-line cataract in connection with persistent primary hyperplastic vitreous (PHPV) in one and a globe-shaped deformed retina in connection with a persistent, blood conducting hyaloid artery in the other eye. The latter finally resulted in intraocular hemorrhage and secondary glaucoma. A pathogenetic connection between ocular malformations and subepithelial corneal opacity seems to be likely.

[Primary glaucoma in two German hunting terriers and a wire-haired fox terrier]. / Primärglaukome bei zwei Deutschen Jagdterriern und einem Drahthaar-Foxterrier.

Primary glaucoma was diagnosed in a five- and a six-year-old female German Hunting Terrier and a four-year-old female Wirehaired Foxterrier. The five-year-old Hunting Terrier had an absolute glaucoma in the right eye. The left eye showed a dysplastic pectinate ligament (DLP) and a narrow iridocorneal angle. The right eye was enucleated and the fellow eye fell sick five months later. Inspite of cyclocryotherapy glaucoma cannot be controlled without medication until now. In the six-year-old Hunting Terrier the iridocorneal angle could not be evaluated, because the right eye had an acute glaucoma and the left eye a chronic glaucoma with seclusio pupillae. A cyclocryotherapy was done on both eyes. Now the left eye is blind and vision is reduced in the right eye. Intraocular pressure values are within the normal range. The four-year-old Foxterrier had a chronic glaucoma in the right eye, because of DLP and a narrow iridocorneal angle. In the left eye the angle was narrow too, but rudimentary white trabecula with flow holes existed. This eye did not fall sick until now. In the right eye lowering of pressure could be obtained by medication only.

[Light microscopical studies of glaucoma in the cat]. / Lichtmikroskopische Untersuchungen über das Glaukom der Katze.

In the paper presented, the histological findings in four cats with glaucoma are reported by means of HE-stained paraffin embedded sections. To each case a clinical anamnesis is given. The authors describe primary glaucomas as well as secondary glaucomas of different aetiology. A dysplastic pectinate ligament can be identified for the first time in a cat. Clinical and histological findings are discussed and compared to the findings in dogs.

The effect of SST, glucagon, calcitonin and PGE1 on exocrine pancreatic secretion in the unrestrained dog in long-term experiments.

Using a new model of a reversible pancreatic fistula which allows the long-term-investigation under nearly physiological conditions on the unrestrained dog, we tested the effect of somatostatin (50 micrograms), calcitonin (4 micrograms), glucagon (1 microgram), and prostaglandin E1 (150 micrograms) on the exocrine pancreatic function in 45 experiments over a period of 13 h: SST inhibits the basal as well as the secretin or CCK-stimulated secretion: calcitonin shows inhibition of the stimulated secretion only; glucagon blocks the secretin-stimulated pancreatic function; and PGE1 reduces the bicarbonate concentration and trypsin output in secretin stimulation, but in one of the two series it stimulates the basal secretion.

[Long-term study of endocrine inhibition of exocrine pancreas secretion in the conscious dog]. / Endokrine Hemmung der exokrinen Pankreassekretion am wachen Hund im Langzeitversuch.

A new model of a reversible long-term pancreatic fistula was used on an alert, unrestrained dog to test the effect of four substances of the GEP system on the exocrine pancreatic function. The results indicate that SST significantly inhibits not only the basal secretion but also the stimulated secretion of volume, bicarbonate, and trypsine. Calcitonine inhibits only the stimulated secretion whereas PGE1 inhibits only the secretin-stimulated output of trypsine. Glucagon inhibits secretin stimulation in all three parameters.

[Causes of death in lightning strokes (author's transl)]. / Zur Frage der Todesursache beim Blitzunfall

On the basis of the literature and of their own investigations, including animal experimentation, the authors attempt to show the possible causes of death following lightning strokes. Animal experiments give evidence of the important role of cardiac arrhythmias, in particular of asystolia and ventricular fibrillation. Cardiac arrest, respiratory standstill, burns, fractures, mechanical lesions of internal organs and hemorrhages are stated as causes of death. Moreover, autopsy fails to reveal recognizable changes in some of the victims.