High-pressure synthesis and storage of solid organic compounds in active subduction zones.

Recent thermodynamic and experimental studies have suggested that volatile organic compounds (e.g., methane, formate, and acetate) can be produced and stabilized in subduction zones, potentially playing an important role in the deep carbon cycle. However, field evidence for the high-pressure production and storage of solid organic compounds is missing. Here, we examine forearc serpentinite clasts recovered by drilling mud volcanoes above the Mariana subduction zone. Notable correlations between carbon and iron stable-isotope signatures and fluid-mobile element (B, As and Sb) concentrations provide evidence for the percolation of slab-derived CO2-rich aqueous fluids through the forearc mantle. The presence of carbonaceous matter rich in aliphatic moieties within high-temperature clasts (>350°C) demonstrates that molecular hydrogen production associated with forearc serpentinization is an efficient mechanism for the reduction and conversion of slab-derived CO2-rich fluids into solid organic compounds. These findings emphasize the need to consider the forearc mantle as an important reservoir of organic carbon on Earth.

Mariana serpentinite mud volcanism exhumes subducted seamount materials: implications for the origin of life.

The subduction of seamounts and ridge features at convergent plate boundaries plays an important role in the deformation of the overriding plate and influences geochemical cycling and associated biological processes. Active serpentinization of forearc mantle and serpentinite mud volcanism on the Mariana forearc (between the trench and active volcanic arc) provides windows on subduction processes.  Here, we present (1) the first observation of an extensive exposure of an undeformed Cretaceous seamount currently being subducted at the Mariana Trench inner slope; (2) vertical deformation of the forearc region related to subduction of Pacific Plate seamounts and thickened crust; (3) recovered Ocean Drilling Program and International Ocean Discovery Program cores of serpentinite mudflows that confirm exhumation of various Pacific Plate lithologies, including subducted reef limestone; (4) petrologic, geochemical and paleontological data from the cores that show that Pacific Plate seamount exhumation covers greater spatial and temporal extents; (5) the inference that microbial communities associated with serpentinite mud volcanism may also be exhumed from the subducted plate seafloor and/or seamounts; and (6) the implications for effects of these processes with regard to evolution of life. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Serpentine in the Earth system'.