Progress on haptoglobin and metabolic diseases.

Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acidic glycoprotein, existing in the serum and other body fluids of human beings and a variety of mammals. Hp is produced in the liver, white adipose tissue, and the kidney. The genetic polymorphisms and different phenotypes of Hp have different biological functions. Hp has antibacterial, antioxidant, and angiogenic effects and is associated with multiple diseases including simple obesity, vascular complications of diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, blood diseases, autoimmune diseases, and malignant tumors. Hp also participates in many life activities, indicating the importance of Hp in further studies. Previously, we found that the expression of serum Hp changed after treatment of simple obesity patients in clinical trials. However, the specific mechanism of Hp in patients with simple obesity is still unclear. The purpose of this article is to introduce recent research progress on Hp, emphasizing the relationship between Hp and the development of metabolic disease, which will improve the understanding of the functions of Hp underlying metabolic diseases and discuss future research directions.

[Visible spectra analysis on edge recycling in HT-7 tokamak].

The main efforts of HT-7 superconducting tokamak were directed to quasi-steady state discharges and their relevant physics. Significant progress in obtaning high-performance discharges under quasi-steady state in HT-7 has been realized. The long pulse discharges have been obtained with a duration up to 63.95 s. The edge recycling was studied by the ratio of H to D through OSMA (Optical Spectroscopy Multichannel Analyzer) system. During the discharge, recycling dominated the particle balance. In the steady state, when the density was controllable, the deuterium(hydrogen) recycling played an important role and the recycling coefficient R < or = 1. During the later time, R >1 and the density was uncontrollable. The main contribution was from the D(H) recycling and impurity from the surfaces of the limiter and the first wall due to the increased surface temperature and radiation power, and these limited the duration of long duration discharges. The influence of wall conditioning on the edge recycling was also studied through the ratio of H to D.