Copper neurotoxicity: Induction of cognitive dysfunction: A review.

Cognitive dysfunction occurs mainly in certain diseases and in the pathological process of aging. In addition to this, it is also widespread in patients undergoing anesthesia, surgery, and cancer chemotherapy. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired synaptic plasticity, and lack of neurotrophic support are involved in copper-induced cognitive dysfunction. In addition, recent studies have found that copper mediates cuproptosis and adversely affects cognitive function. Cuproptosis is a copper-dependent, lipoylated mitochondrial protein-driven, non-apoptotic mode of regulated cell death, which provides us with new avenues for identifying and treating related diseases. However, the exact mechanism by which cuproptosis induces cognitive decline is still unclear, and this has attracted the interest of many researchers. In this paper, we analyzed the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of copper-associated cognitive decline, mainly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric and psychological disorders, and diabetes mellitus.

Comparison of intravenous butorphanol vs. tramadol for post-spinal anesthesia shivering: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: Patients often experience shivering after spinal anesthesia. In recent years, more and more studies have compared the efficacy and side effects of intravenous butorphanol and tramadol in the treatment of shivering after spinal anesthesia. Therefore, we conducted a MATE analysis and systematic review to compare the efficacy and side effects of butorphanol vs. tramadol in the treatment of shivering after spinal anesthesia. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to 30 December 2022, comparing the effects of butorphanol vs. tramadol for the control of shivering after spinal anesthesia. Data assessment and collection were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: Five randomized controlled trials involving 302 adult patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that butorphanol has a shorter time to cease shivering (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.89, -0.17], P = 0.004, I2 = 0%), a higher rate of cessation of shivering within 1 min after administering the study drugs (relative risk (RR), 1.69; 95% CI [1.15,2.48], P = 0.008, I2 = 0%), and higher incidences of sedation (RR, 2.98; 95% CI [2.11, 4.21], P <0.00001, I2 = 0%), compared with tramadol. Conclusion: In the treatment of shivering after spinal anesthesia, butorphanol has a shorter onset time and a higher rate of cessation of shivering within 1 min after the study drugs were administered than tramadol. Therefore, butorphanol is superior to tramadol in the treatment of shivering after spinal anesthesia.

Effects of extracorporeal circulation with different time on platelet count after cardiac surgery: a retrospective study based on medical records.

Our objective was to observe the effects of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) with different time on platelet count in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A total of 427 patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery under ECC in affiliated hospital of north Sichuan medical college from January 1, 2018 to July 31, 2021 were divided into three groups according to ECC time. We concluded that thrombocytopenia was common after ECC, maximum drop of the platelet counts after ECC was usually seen on the second day after ECC, and platelet counts started to recover on the fifth day after ECC. With the extension of ECC time, the drop in platelet counts is more pronounced, the volume of perioperative blood loss and blood products transfusion are more, and the recovery level and speed of platelet counts is lower.

The role of anesthetic drug and technique in endothelial glycocalyx: A narrative review.

The level of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) shedding is associated with morbidity and mortality, and vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction is one of the pivotal clinical problems faced by critically ill patients, so research on the protective effects of EG is of great clinical significance for the treatment of critically ill diseases. Studies have illustrated that clinical anesthesia has different degrees of effects on vascular EG. Therefore, we reviewed the effects of distinct anesthesia methods and diverse anesthetic drugs on EG, aiming to provide a brief summary of what we know now, and to discuss possible future directions for investigations in this area. So as to provide a theoretical basis for future research on potential EG-positive drugs and targets, to minimize perioperative complications and improve the prognosis of surgical patients.

Multilayer Graphene with Chemical Modification as Transparent Conducting Electrodes in Organic Light-Emitting Diode.

Graphene is a promising candidate for the replacement of the typical transparent electrode indium tin oxide in optoelectronic devices. Currently, the application of polycrystalline graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition is limited for their low electrical conductivity due to the poor transfer technique. In this work, we developed a new method of preparing tri-layer graphene films with chemical modification and explored the influence of doping and patterning process on the performance of the graphene films as transparent electrodes. In order to demonstrate the application of the tri-layer graphene films in optoelectronics, we fabricated the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on them and found that plasma etching is feasible with certain influence on the quality of the graphene films and the performance of the OLEDs.

Silver Nanowires Modified with PEDOT: PSS and Graphene for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Anode.

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks are promising candidates for the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the surface roughness of the AgNWs network is still too high for its application in optoelectronic devices. In this work, we have reduced the surface roughness of the AgNWs networks to 6.4 nm, compared to 33.9 nm of the as-deposited AgNWs network through the hot-pressing process, treatment with poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfanate), and covered with graphene films. Using this method, we are able to produce AgNWs/PEDOT: PSS/SLG composite films with the transmittance and sheet resistance of 88.29% and 30 Ω/□, respectively. The OLEDs based on the AgNWs/PEDOT: PSS/SLG anodes are comparable to those based on ITO anodes.