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OBJECTIVE: This article aims to evaluate the magnitude of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) risks associated with different antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) profiles in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Multiple databases were investigated to identify articles that explored the relationship between aPLs and APOs in SLE patients. A random effects model was used for calculating pooled odds ratios (OR). Stata version 15.0 was utilized to conduct the meta-analysis. RESULTS: There were 5234 patients involved in 30 studies. Overall aPL was linked to an increased incidence of any kind of APOs, fetal loss, and preterm birth. Any kind of APOs and preterm delivery were more common in patients with lupus anticoagulant (LA) positive. Anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) was associated with an increased risk of any kind of APOs and fetal loss. The association between aCL-IgM and fetal loss was also significant. Patients with anti-beta2-glycoprotein1 antibody (antiß2GP1) positivity had an increased risk of fetal loss. CONCLUSIONS: Both LA and aCL were risk factors of APOs in patients with SLE. Not only ACL, particularly aCL-IgM, but antiß2GP1 were associated with an increased risk of fetal loss, while LA appeared to indicate the risk of preterm birth.PROSPERO (CRD42023388122).
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BACKGROUND: Currently, the mainstream treatments for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are based on glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, which are known to have considerable adverse effects. This meta-analysis is aimed at confirming the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy in combination with traditional medications in the treatment of SLE. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched for randomized controlled trials using acupuncture therapy in combination with conventional pharmacotherapy for the treatment of SLE, from the establishment of the database to March 2023. Study selection, data collection, as well as quality assessment were conducted by 2 reviewers independently. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17 software were used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: Seven eligible studies involving 514 patients with SLE were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that in SLE patients, extra treatment with acupuncture was superior to drug therapy alone in improving the overall response rate (RR = 1.20, 95% confidence intervals [1.11, 1.29], P < .00001, heterogeneity P = .69, I2 = 0%) and regulating immunological indicators (C3, C4, IgG, T lymphocyte subpopulation, IL-6, ds-DNA, ESR) while reducing TCM symptom scores, the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the incidence of adverse events on treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, it was able to reduce BUN, Scr and 24 hours urine protein, suggesting that acupuncture treatment had a protective effect on the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture therapy combined with conventional pharmacotherapy is an efficient and safe way in the treatment of SLE. However, the conclusions drawn from this meta-analysis have some limitations due to the small number and uneven quality of the included studies, leading to heterogeneity and bias. Thus more relevant high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation in the future.
