Chinese herbal medicine Ginkgo biloba L. preparations for ischemic stroke: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: Ginkgo biloba L. preparations (GBLPs) are a class of Chinese herbal medicine used in the adjuvant treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). Recently, several systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of GBLPs for IS have been published. OBJECTIVE: This overview aims to assess the quality of related SRs and MAs. SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biological Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chinese Science and Technology Journals databases were searched from their inception to December 31, 2022. INCLUSION CRITERIA: SRs and MAs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the efficacy of GBLPs for patients with IS were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the methodological quality, risk of bias (ROB), reporting quality, and credibility of evidence of the included SRs and MAs using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS), the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), respectively. Additionally, descriptive analysis and data synthesis were conducted. RESULTS: Twenty-nine SRs/MAs involving 119 outcomes were included in this review. The overall methodological quality of all SRs/MAs was critically low based on AMSTAR 2, and 28 had a high ROB based on the ROBIS. According to the PRISMA statement, the reporting items of the included SRs/MAs are relatively complete. The results based on GRADE showed that of the 119 outcomes, 8 were rated as moderate quality, 24 as low quality, and 87 as very low quality. Based on the data synthesis, GBLPs used in conjunction with conventional treatment were superior to conventional treatment alone for decreasing neurological function scores. CONCLUSION: GBLPs can be considered a beneficial supplemental therapy for IS. However, because of the low quality of the existing evidence, high-quality RCTs and SRs/MAs are warranted to further evaluate the benefits of GBLPs for treating IS. Please cite this article as: Meng TT, You YP, Li M, Guo JB, Song XB, Ding JY, Xie XL, Li AQ, Li SJ, Yin XJ, Wang P, Wang Z, Wang BL, He QY. Chinese herbal medicine Ginkgo biloba L. preparations for ischemic stroke: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Integr Med. 2024;22(2): 163-179.

Downregulation of microRNA-143-5p is required for the promotion of odontoblasts differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases 14-dependent p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in various biological processes including cell differentiation. Some researchers suggested that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway had an effect on regulating the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). This study focuses on the effects of miR-143-5p on hDPSCs by regulating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The targeting relationship of MAPK14 and miR-143-5p targets were verified by TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Through overexpression of miR-143-5p or silencing of miR-143-5p, expressions of miR-143-5p, MAPK14, Ras, MAPK kinase (MKK) 3/6, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN) were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein expressions of MAPK14, Ras, and MKK3/6 were determined by western blot analysis. ALP and alizarin red S staining were used to detect mineralization. Initially, MAPK14 was found to be negatively regulated by miR-143-5p. Meanwhile, the upregulated miR-143-5p decreased the p38 MAPK signaling pathway related genes (MAPK14, Ras, and MKK3/6) and odontoblastic differentiation markers (ALP, DSPP, and OCN) expression. On the contrary, the downregulated miR-143-5p increased the p38 MAPK signaling pathway related genes (MAPK14, Ras, and MKK3/6) and odontoblastic differentiation markers (ALP, DSPP, and OCN) expression. Furthermore, ALP activity and mineralized nodules increased after downregulation of miR-143-5p, and after its upregulation, ALP activity and mineralized nodules decreased. Our data suggest that poor expression of miR-143-5p promotes hDPSCs odontoblastic differentiation through the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway by upregulating MAPK14.

[Effects of light quality on leaf senescence and endogenous hormones content in grapevine under protected cultivation]. / å ‰è´¨å¯¹è®¾æ–½è‘¡è„å¶ç‰‡è¡°è€ä¸Žå† æºæ¿€ç´ å«é‡çš„å½±å“.

Two grape varieties 'Italia' and 'Centenial seedless' cultured in protected and delayed cultivation were used as experimental materials to study the effects of red and blue light quality on chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and endogenous hormone content during leaf senescence. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the grapes were significantly enhanced in the red light treatment. Although the content of endogenous GA3 was decreased, an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) content and a decrease of total content of zeaxanthin (ZR) were obviously slowed, which led to the significant increase in value of (GA3+ZR)/ABA, delaying leaf senescence. In prophase of leaf senescence, the chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate and (GA3+ZR)/ABA of the grapes were lower in the blue light treatment than those in the control, and the leaf senescence in the blue light treatment was accelerated. At late stage of leaf senescence, the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and (GA3+ZR)/ABA in the blue light treatment were gradually higher than those in the control, and the leaf senescence was delayed to a certain extent. The plant endogenous hormone auxin (IAA) promoted leaf growth and development in prophase of leaf senescence and accelerated leaf aging in late stage of leaf senescence. The leaf senescence rate of 'Italia' was slower than that of 'Centenial seedless'. In conclusion, our experiment suggested that red light was the best on delaying leaf senescence and prolonging the functional period of leaves.

[Effects of different rootstocks on the weak light tolerance ability of summer black grape based on 4 photo-response models]. / 基于4ç§å ‰å“åº”æ¨¡åž‹æ¨¡æ‹Ÿä¸åŒç §æœ¨å¯¹å¤é»‘è‘¡è„è€å¼±å ‰èƒ½åŠ›çš„å½±å“.

The photo response curves of 11 rootstock-scion combinations including summer black/Beta, summer black/1103P, summer black/101-14, summer black/3309C, summer black/140Ru, summer black/5C, summer black/5BB, summer black/420A, summer black/SO4, summer black/Kangzhen No.1, summer black/Huapu No.1 were fitted by rectangular hyperbola mo-del, non-rectangular hyperbola model, modified rectangular hyperbola model and exponential model respectively, and the differences of imitative effects were analyzed by determination coefficiency, light compensation point, light saturation point, initial quantum efficiency, maximum photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate. The result showed that the fit coefficients of all four models were above 0.98, and there was no obvious difference on the fitted values of light compensation point among the four models. The modified rectangular hyperbola model fitted best on light saturation point, apparent quantum yield, maximum photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate, and had the minimum AIC value based on the akaike information criterion, therefore, the modified rectangular hyperbola model was the best one. The clustering analysis indicated that summer black/SO4 and summer black/420A combinations had low light compensation point, high apparent quantum yield and low dark respiration rate among 11 rootstock-scion combinations, suggesting that these two combinations could use weak light more efficiently due to their less respiratory consumption and higher weak light tolerance. The Topsis comparison method ranked summer black/SO4 and summer black/420A combinations as No. 1 and No. 2 respectively in weak light tolerance ability, which was consistent with cluster analysis. Consequently, summer black has the highest weak light tolerance in case grafted on 420A or SO4, which could be the most suitable rootstock-scion combinations for protected cultivation.

[Effects of supplementary light with different wavelengths on fruit quality of 'Ruidu Xiangyu' grape under promoted cultivation]. / ä¸åŒå ‰è´¨è¡¥å ‰å¯¹ä¿ƒæ—©æ ½åŸ¹'瑞都香玉'葡萄果实品质的影响.

To study the effects of supplemental lighting with ultraviolet (UV), blue and red-blue lights on quality development of grape berries under protected cultivation to promote early maturing, four-year-old vines of 'Ruidu Xiangyu' grape using 'Beta' as rootstock were used in this experiment. The results indicated that blue and ultraviolet lights were poor in greenhouse environment. Compared with the control, blue and ultraviolet lights lasting 6 hours at night significantly accele-rated the increase of berry mass, fruit diameter, sugar content and the decrease of acidity content during the grape development, but the effect of red-blue light was not obvious. At the fruit maturation, berries supplemented with the three types of light were heavier, and those treated with the UV light were the heaviest. Additionally, grape berries supplemented with blue light had the highest glucose, fructose and total sugar contents, while the sugar contents in berries supplemented with UV light was lower than that under blue light and higher than that under the red-blue light. Volatile linalool, geraniol, terpineol and nerol reached their peak contents ear-liest in berries supplemented with blue light during the developmental stage. At fruit maturation, berries supplemented with blue light had the highest linalool and citronellol contents, while those with UV light had the highest geraniol, hexanal and E-2-hexenal contents, and supplemented with red-blue light had lower linalool content than the control. Moreover, supplementary light was also beneficial for the accumulation of volatile aldehydes and ketones. In conclusion, blue supplementary light could accelerate the development of grape berries as their sugar content was highest and main terpenes reached their peak contents earliest.Grape berries supplemented with UV light had the largest single berry mass and most abundant volatile compounds, while red-blue light treatment was not so effective on quality improvement.

[Effects of different color paper bags on volatile constituents of Kyoho grape berries]. / 不同颜色果袋对'巨峰'葡萄果实中挥发性成分的影响.

Taking'Kyoho' as the test material, the effect of white, green, red and blue bags on volatile compounds in mature grape berries was explored in this study. The results indicated that bags with different colors could create special light conditions, which resulted in the difference of volatile compounds in grape berries. A total of 37, 38, 32, 34 kinds of volatile compounds which included esters, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, terpenes and aromatic compounds, were detected in 'Kyoho' berries covered with the white, green, red and blue bags respectively, and 33 in the control. Compared with the control, the contents of ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and some other esters decreased, while hexanal, E-2-hexenal and decanal increased in berries with white bags, the contents of the major common compounds, except ethyl 3-hexenoate, ethyl (E)-hex-2-enoate, ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate, E-2-hexenal, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, decanal, and phenethyl alcohol, decreased in berries with green bags, the contents of ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and hexanal, E-2-hexenal decreased in berries with red bags, the contents of ethyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and some other esters changed slightly in berries with blue bags, except for the increase of hexanal and E-2-hexenal. For those characteristic compounds, the kinds of alcohols in berries covered with bags decreased while the kinds of terpenes and aromatic compounds increased. In general, the fruits with the blue bags had the highest volatile esters, and those with the white bags had high volatile esters and aldehydes, while those with the green and red bags had low aromatic compounds.

[Natural inducing factors of grape bud dormancy and their regulation on respiratory metabolism during dormancy induction].

High chilling requirement grape (Vitis vinifera-V. labrusca cv. Summer Black) was used to evaluate its dormancy under short sunlight day (SD), long sunlight day (LD) and natural condition (CK). The results indicated that grape bud dormancy could be induced by natural low temperature and short sunlight alone or together. Short sunlight was the main contributor to the dormancy of grape bud, followed by natural low temperature. SD had more effect on dormancy induction under the same temperature when compared with LD. The grape dormancy induction stopped when the total respiratory rate reached the highest level. During the dormancy induction period, the proportion of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operation activity or capacity to total respiratory rate increased from 16.0% to 20.1% or 22.3% to 26.0%, respectively; similarly, the proportion of operation activity or capacity of alternate pathway to total respiratory rate rapidly increased, i.e., from 19.4% to 27.3% or 38.2% to 46.8%. Both low temperature and short sunlight could induce change of respiratory pathway on electron transport chain level.

[Effects of canopy shapes of grape on canopy microenvironment, leaf and fruit quality in greenhouse].

The effects of three canopy shapes, i.e., vertical canopy, V-shaped canopy and horizontal canopy, on canopy microenvironment, quality of leaves and fruits were studied in the 3-year-old grape 'Jingmi' grafted on ' Beta' in greenhouse. The results showed that gap fraction and openness of vertical canopy were significantly higher than that of V-shaped canopy and horizontal canopy, and leaf area index, light interception rate and canopy temperature difference between day and night were significantly lower than those of V-shaped canopy and horizontal canopy. There was no significant difference between the latter two treatments. The palisade thickness of V-shaped canopy was significantly greater than that of vertical canopy, and horizontal canopy was in the middle. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of V-shaped canopy were significantly higher than those of vertical canopy and horizontal canopy, and those in the latter two treatments had no significant difference. The fruit quality of V-shaped canopy was the best, and that of horizontal canopy was the worst. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that 29 types of volatile aroma compounds were detected in V-shaped canopy, but just 17 and 16 in vertical canopy and horizontal canopy, respectively. In V-shaped canopy, the characteristic aroma in grape 'Jingmi' was higher, except ethanol, trans-2- hexene-1-alcohol, 2-octyl ketone and formic acid ester. The linalool content in vertical canopy and V-shaped canopy was higher than that in horizontal canopy. The nerol content in V-shaped canopy was higher than that in vertical canopy and horizontal canopy, and the leaf alcohol content in V-shaped canopy and horizontal canopy was higher than that in vertical canopy. The citronellol was de-tected only in V-shaped canopy. In greenhouse, the fruit aroma of V-shaped canopy grape was stronger, and well reflected the variety characteristics.

[Ecological risk assessment of human activity of rapid economic development regions in southern Jiangsu, China: a case study of Dantu District of Zhenjiang City].

This article investigated the spatiotemporal variation of landscape ecological risk in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City with statistical method based on the ETM remote sensing data in 2000 and 2005, and the TM remote sensing data in 2010, and quantitative index of regional ecological risk assessment was established with the employment of landscape index, so as to enhance the ecosystem management, prevent and reduce the regional ecological risk in southern Jiangsu with rapid economic development. The results showed that the fragmentations, divergence, and ecological losses of natural landscape types, such as forestland, wetland, waters, etc., were deteriorated with the expansion of built-up lands from 2000 to 2010. The higher ecological risk zone took up 5.7%, 9.0%, and 10.2% of the whole region in 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively, which mainly distributed in the plain hilly region. During the study period, the area aggravating to the higher ecological risk zone was approximately 296.2 km2, 48% of the whole region. The ecological risk rose up in most of the region. The interference of rapid economic development to landscape patterns was even more intensive, with obvious spatial differences in ecological risk distribution. The measures of exploiting resources near the port, utilizing natural wetlands, constructing industrial parks, and rapid urbanization, etc., intensified the ecological risk and accelerated the conversion rate. Prompt strategies should be established to manage the ecological risk of this region.

[Relationships between reactive oxygen metabolism and endodormancy release of peach bud under short-term heating].

Taking the 6-year-old peach "Shuguang" as test object, this paper studied the effects of short-term heating at 40 degrees C, 45 degrees C, and 50 degrees C on the bud livability, bud burst, reactive oxygen content, and activities of related enzymes in peach bud, aimed to investigate the regulation effect of short-term heating on the endodormancy release of peach bud. The results indicated that the effects of short-tern heating on the endodormancy release of peach bud were advanced by the postponement of treatment date, the increase of treatment temperature, and the prolonging of treatment time. On November 30, the regulation effect of heating at 40 degrees C was negative. Comparing with those under no-heating (CK), the date of endodormancy release was postponed, the bud burst, the O2-* and * OH production rates, the H2O2 content, and the activities of CAT and POD were lowered, and the SOD activity was improved. It was adverse under heating at 45 degrees C and 50 degrees C. On December 10, heating at 40 degrees C nearly had no obvious effect on the endodormancy release, while heating at 45 degrees C and 50 degrees C had the same effect as that on November 30, with the former being more superior to the latter. Correlation analysis indicated that the rapid increase of reactive oxygen might be the critical reason for the endodormancy release of peach bud.

[Natural inducing factors of peach bud dormancy and roles of Ca2+ in the dormancy induction].

Taking two-year-old peach tree of cv 'Chunjie' as test material, the natural inducing factors of peach bud dormancy and the roles of Ca2+ in the dormancy induction were studied. The results revealed that peach plant was very sensitive to short sunlight and/or natural low temperature. These two factors could induce growth cessation, dormancy, and freezing-resistance development, but their action mechanisms differed with each other. Short sunlight induced the dormancy first and the freezing-resistance then, whereas natural low temperature was in adverse. In case of the cofunction of short sunlight and low temperature, i.e., under the natural condition, short sunlight was the main factor inducing growth cessation, dormancy, and freezing-resistance development, while natural low temperature was the secondary one. The inducement effect of short sunlight was closely related to the actions of Ca2+, because Ca2+ played a messenger role in the signal transduction of short sunlight. In the experiment of supplemental light, it was found that with the decrease of temperature, the Ca2+ had an increasing influx from the vacuole, intercellular space, and cell wall to the cytosol and nuclei. At the same time, plant growth slowed down and finally ceased, dormancy started then, and freezing-resistance developed, which indicated that as a messenger in the signal transduction of natural low temperature, Ca2+ played an important role in the inducement of growth cessation, dormancy, and freezing-resistance development by natural low temperature.

[Studies on the hepatic three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual surgery using the hepatic images of the digitized virtual Chinese human female number 1 database].

OBJECTIVE: To study digitized virtual hepatic three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual hepatic surgery. METHODS: The whole series of hepatic images taken from the database of digitized Virtual Chinese Human Female Number 1 (VCH-F1) was employed to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) liver. First, studied some algorithms for registration of human liver tissue images, and then, segmented the regions of liver, vein, bile duct, and gallbladder from the images. Based on them, the 3D visualization human liver model was reconstructed. Finally, a 3D visualization demo system of liver was developed based on personal computer and Windows operation system. RESULTS: This demo system of liver provided a graphics user interface to rotate, scale the 3D liver to observe the 3D hepatic structure, and a virtual liver simulation system of resection with primary function. CONCLUSIONS: The study may be beneficial to the future research on digitized virtual hepatic and virtual hepatic surgery, and the 3D visualization demo system of liver may be beneficial to the research on the hepatic structure.