The mechanism and experimental verification of Ixeris sonchifolia promoting apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology: Ixeris sonchifolia Induces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ixeris sonchifolia alias Kudiezi, it was named Ixeris sonchifolia (Bunge) Hance, a synonym for Crepidiastrum sonchifolium (Bunge) Pak & Kawano in the https://www.iplant.cn/. And it was first published in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 108 (1873), which was named Ixeris sonchifolia (Maxim.) Hance in the MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). As a widely distributed medicinal and edible wild plant, it possesses unique bitter-cold characteristics and constituents with various pharmacological activities. Its main antitumor substances, same as artemisinin and paclitaxel, are classified as terpenoids and have become research foci in recent years. However, its specific biological activity and role in antitumor treatment remain largely unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular targets and potential mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis induced by Ixeris sonchifolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used network pharmacology methods to analyze and screen the active ingredients and possible underlying mechanisms of Ixeris sonchifolia in treating liver cancer and employed integrative time- and dose-dependent toxicity, transcriptomics, and molecular biology approaches to comprehensively verify the function of Ixeris sonchifolia extract (IsE) in human hepatoblastoma cell (HepG2) apoptosis and its potential mechanism. RESULTS: A total of 169 common targets were screened by network pharmacology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that IsE inhibited HepG2 cell activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis confirmed that IsE promoted HepG2 cell apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and that the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 also substantially enhanced IsE-induced apoptosis. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway exhibited significant differences compared to that in the control group. CONCLUSION: Combining network pharmacology with experimental verification, IsE inhibited mitochondrial function and the PI3K/AKT pathway while inducing hepatoma cell apoptosis. IsE may have promising potential for liver cancer treatment and chemoprevention.

Epidemiology of mental health comorbidity in patients with atopic dermatitis: An analysis of global trends from 1998 to 2022.

The prevalence rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety and suicide are increasing in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), although no research has systematically examined these trends yet. Here, we explore the prevalence of the occurrence of comorbidities, such as ADHD, depression, anxiety and suicide with AD. We searched seven electronic databases from inception to October 2022 to identify relevant studies, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tools were used to assess the quality of observational studies. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's and Begg's linear tests. The global prevalence rates of ADHD, depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation in patients with AD were 7%, 17%, 21% and 13%, respectively, between 1998 and October 2022. Among children (aged <18 years), North American children with AD had the highest prevalence rates of ADHD (10%), depression (13%) and anxiety (20%). Among the adult (aged ≥18 years) population, patients with AD in Africa had the highest prevalence rates of depression (36%) and anxiety (44%), while Asian adults with AD had the highest prevalence rates of ADHD (7%) and suicidal ideation (20%). These results highlight the high prevalence and comorbidity rates of mental illnesses with AD, which should be brought to the attention of patients with AD and their physicians.

Evaluation of Mooren's corneal ulcer by anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to identify focal changes and inform surgical plans in eyes with Mooren's ulcer. METHODS: A total of 18 eyes of 17 patients with Mooren's ulcer were examined prospectively using the AS-OCT system. RESULTS: Optical hyperreflectivity noted on AS-OCT images was in accordance with corneal ulceration, neovascularization, fibrovascular membranes, the junction of the native stromal bed, and the overlying lamellar corneal grafts. Focal corneal ectasia was observed in 13 eyes with a decrease in corneal thickness to ≤0.39 mm. There was a cut-off value of 0.39 mm in corneal thickness between the eyes with and without focal corneal ectasia in the thinned corneal area (Fisher = 0.383, χ2 = 14.873, P = 0.000). Based on the AS-OCT findings, six eyes were subjected to an individualized lamellar corneal graft. The thickness of the residual cornea after surgery was 47 ± 34 µm less than the presumed healthy corneal thickness before surgery (t = 3.376, P = 0.02). A small corneal perforation covered by a pseudopterygium in Mooren's ulcer was found through AS-OCT but undetectable by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. CONCLUSIONS: AS-OCT is a valuable non-contact technique for monitoring corneal thinning in Mooren's ulcer, and assisting surgical design. A decrease in peripheral corneal thickness to ≤0.39 mm may cause focal corneal ectasia.

Early esophageal carcinomas in achalasia patient after endoscopic submucosal dissection combined with peroral endoscopic myotomy: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Achalasia is associated with high risk of esophageal carcinoma. However, the optimal endoscopic surgery for patients with early esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia remains unclear. CASE SUMMARY: A combination of concurrent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and modified peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) was performed on a 62-year-old male, who presented with multiple early esophageal carcinomas concomitant with achalasia. The patient exhibited an improvement in feeding obstruction, and presented no evidence of disease during the 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The combination of ESD and POEM is a feasible treatment modality for patients with early esophageal carcinoma concomitant with achalasia.

Heat shock protein TaHSP17.4, a TaHOP interactor in wheat, improves plant stress tolerance.

Adaptation to drought and salt stresses is a fundamental part of plant cell physiology and is of great significance for crop production under environmental stress. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that play a crucial role in folding, assembling, translocating, and degrading proteins. However, their underlying mechanisms and functions in stress tolerance remain elusive. Here, we identified the HSP TaHSP17.4 in wheat by analyzing the heat stress-induced transcriptome. Further analysis showed that TaHSP17.4 was significantly induced under drought, salt, and heat stress treatments. Intriguingly, yeast-two-hybrid analysis showed that TaHSP17.4 interacts with the HSP70/HSP90 organizing protein (HOP) TaHOP, which plays a significant role in linking HSP70 and HSP90. We found that TaHSP17.4- and TaHOP-overexpressing plants have a higher proline content and a lower malondialdehyde content than wild-type plants under stress conditions and display strong tolerance to drought, salt, and heat stress. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis showed that stress-responsive genes relevant to reactive oxygen species scavenging and abscisic acid signaling pathways were significantly induced in TaHSP17.4- and TaHOP-overexpressing plants under stress conditions. Together, our findings provide insight into HSP functions in wheat and two novel candidate genes for improvement of wheat varieties.

Screening and identification of hub-gene associated with brain metastasis in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The presence of breast cancer in the brain, also known as brain metastasis (BMS), is the primary reason for a bad prognosis in cases of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor seen in women in developing nations. At present, there is no effective method to inhibit brain metastasis of breast cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic study on BMS of breast cancer, which will not provide ideas and sites for follow-up studies on the treatment and inhibition of BMS. METHODS: In this study, data set GSE43837 was screened from gene expression omnibus database, and then R language tool was used for differential analysis of its expression spectrum, The gene ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes signal pathway enrichment analyses, as well as the interactive gene retrieval tool for hub-gene analysis, were performed. RESULTS: According to the findings, the primary genes linked to breast cancer brain metastases are those that involve interactions between cytokines and their respective receptors and between neuroactive ligands and their respective receptors. The majority of the gene ontology enrichment took place in the extracellular structural tissues, the extracellular matrix tissues, and the second message-mediated signaling. We were able to identify 8 genes that are linked to breast cancer spreading to the brain. The gene score for matrix metallopeptidase1 (MMP-1) was the highest among them, and the genes MMP10, tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducible protein 8, collagen type I alpha 2 chain, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and TNF superfamily member 11 were all connected to 1 another in an interaction way. CONCLUSIONS: There is a possibility that the 8 key genes that were identified in this research are connected to the progression of BMS in breast cancer. Among them, MMP1 is 1 that has the potential to have a role in the diagnosis and treatment of BMS in breast cancer.

Epidemiology of mental health comorbidity in patients with psoriasis: An analysis of trends from 1986 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and suicide has increased in patients with psoriasis, although no study has systematically analyzed the epidemiology worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence and incidence of psoriasis with comorbid mental disorders (i.e., depression, anxiety, and suicide). METHODS: Five databases from establishment through May 2022 were searched. Stata SE 15.1 was used for the data analysis. Subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of pooled studies. RESULTS: We evaluated 56 studies in our research. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicide in adults with psoriasis was 20%, 21%, and 0.77%. Patients with psoriasis in North America had a higher prevalence of depression and suicide, whereas those in South America had a higher prevalence of anxiety. The incidence of depression, anxiety, and suicide was 42.1, 24.7, and 2.6 per 1000 person-years in adults with psoriasis, respectively. LIMITATIONS: All of the included studies were published in Chinese and English, causing a degree of selection bias. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the incidence and prevalence of comorbid mental disorders in patients with psoriasis, which may raise awareness among physicians and patients regarding the mental problems associated with psoriasis.

Electroacupuncture for relieving itching in atopic eczema: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trial.

Background: Atopic eczema (AE) is a common atopic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2.1-4.9% of the population in different countries. Pruritus, one of the most burdensome symptoms, is often underestimated for the problems it can cause, creating a vicious loop of itching, scratching, and lichenification. Therefore, further research into practical and safe treatments that relieve itchy symptoms and enhance skin protection is key to overcoming AE. Acupuncture, with or without electrical stimulation, is one of the most commonly used therapeutic measures to treat AE. This trial aimed to objectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of the electroacupuncture (EA) antipruritic technique in AE pruritus and obtain high-level clinical evidence for the popularization and application of EA for AE. Methods and analysis: This multicenter, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial is planned to transpire from April 15, 2023, to June 30, 2025. We will recruit 132 participants with AE (44 per group). Participants will be assigned randomly to three equal-sized groups: EA, sham electroacupuncture, and sham acupuncture. Treatment will be administered three times a week during the 2-week intervention phase. The primary outcome measure is the Visual Analog Scale, with a numeric rating scale to evaluate pruritus. Secondary outcome measures include the Eczema Area and Severity Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index. Other outcome measures include physical examination, serum IgE, and safety evaluation. The number, nature, and severity of adverse events will be carefully recorded. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, 22Y11922200. Registered 3 September 2022, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov.

Platelet CD36 links overweight and a prothrombotic phenotype in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: The pathophysiological mechanisms linking the overweight and prothrombotic state of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are incompletely understood. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of platelet CD36 on the risk of stroke associated with overweight in NVAF patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 182 subjects with NVAF in two groups: normal weight (18.5 < body mass index(BMI) < 25.0 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). Clinical data, medical history, vital signs, transthoracic echocardiography parameters, and medication were recorded. Biochemical characteristics including blood glucose and serum lipid were analyzed in the Laboratory. Results: The expression of platelet CD36 and integrin αIIbß3 was detected by flow cytometry. Among the 182 patients with NVAF, 68 (37.36%) were classified as normal weight, 114 (62.64%) as overweight. With an increase in BMI, waist-hip ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, left atrium diameters, and the ratio of mitral inflow E velocity to myocardial e' velocity in the mitral annulus (E/e') increased significantly (P < 0.05). The mean fluorescent intensity of platelet CD36 increased significantly in overweight patients (P < 0.01), in line with platelet activation biomarkers (platelet integrin αIIbß3). Platelet CD36 was positively correlated with BMI and platelet integrin αIIbß3, respectively (P < 0.05). Additionally, platelet CD36 and BMI were independent risk factors for platelet activation in patients with NVAF. Conclusions: Platelet CD36 is speculated to mediate the complex crosstalk between overweight and platelet hyperactivity, leading to the prothrombotic state in overweight patients with NVAF. Platelet CD36 could be a potential target for preventing the prothrombotic state in overweight patients with NVAF.

Cutaneous allergic reaction to subcutaneous vitamin K1: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin K1 (phytomenadione) is a fat-soluble naturally occurring vitamin that is widely used to treat certain coagulation disorders. Adverse cutaneous reactions to vitamin K1 can occur; however, owing to its low incidence and considerable variability in presentation and morphology, its diagnosis can be easily overlooked. Managing these reactions may be challenging for patients and clinicians. Therefore, reviewing the adverse cutaneous reactions to vitamin K1 is important. CASE SUMMARY: Here we report the case of a 50-year-old woman with no pre-existing hepatic disease who developed a cutaneous allergic reaction to subcutaneous vitamin K1 that presented as localized eczematous plaques at the vitamin K1 injection site. The eruption developed within 5 d of the injection and persisted for 32 mo despite treatment with topical and intralesional steroids. Eczema was diagnosed based on the results of the pathological examination, immunohistochemical staining, and a skin biopsy. The patient was advised to take herbal medicines orally twice daily. After treatment and follow-up, the patient's eczematous urticarial plaques improved and her condition stabilized. CONCLUSION: Here we present the first case of a cutaneous allergic reaction to subcutaneous vitamin K1 that was successfully treated with Chinese medicine.

Efficacy and safety of biological agents for the treatment of pediatric patients with psoriasis: A bayesian analysis of six high-quality randomized controlled trials.

Background: Biological agents have been used with extreme caution in children because of their possible adverse effects. Objectives: This study used high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to provide high-level evidence to assess the effectiveness and safety of biological agents for treating children with psoriasis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases through October 31, 2021. We included trials reporting at least one adverse event after treatment with biological agents of patients less than 18-year-old diagnosed with psoriasis. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.0 software were used for meta and Bayesian analyses. Results: Six trials with 864 participants were included in the analysis. The results showed a 2.37-fold higher response rate in all biologics groups than in the control group for psoriasis area and severity index 75 (PASI75) (RR= 2.37, P-value < 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.22, 4.62]). Compared with placebo, the PASI75 response rates of etanercept (RR= 2.82, 95% [CI] [1.10, 7.21]), ustekinumab low dose (RR= 7.45, 95%[CI] [1.25, 44.58]), and ustekinumab high dose (RR= 7.25, 95%[CI] [1.21, 43.41]) were superior. Additionally, the incidence of total adverse reactions was 1.05 times higher for biologics than for controls, indicating a good safety profile (RR= 1.05, P-value = 0.53, 95%[CI] [0.92, 1.19]). Overall, these six high-quality randomized controlled trials suggest that biologics are effective and safe for pediatric patients with psoriasis. Limitations: Inclusion of few relevant, high-quality RCTs. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that biologics can be used to treat children with moderate-to-severe psoriasis without the risk of adverse effects. Ustekinumab showed the best efficacy and the fewest adverse effects.

Current evidence on the role of lipid lowering drugs in the treatment of psoriasis.

Background: Abnormal lipid distribution is observed in patients with psoriasis, which increases their risk for atherosclerosis. Lipid-lowering drugs have a certain curative effect in the treatment of psoriasis, but there is no relevant evidence-based medical evaluation. Objective: The purpose of this systematic evaluation was to assess the efficacy, safety, and potential mechanisms of action of lipid-lowering drugs for the treatment of psoriasis. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Clinical Trial, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database were searched for relevant articles from inception to 31 December 2021. The RevMan 5.3 and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool were used for data analysis and risk assessment, respectively. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score is the primary outcome indicator in clinical studies. Based on preclinical studies, we elucidated and mapped the action mechanisms of lipid-lowering drugs in the treatment of psoriasis. Results: The study included eight randomized controlled studies, four single-arm studies, and four in vitro studies. The results showed that lipid-lowering drugs, particularly statins, administered both orally and topically, can significantly improve psoriatic skin lesions and reduce the PASI scores [standardized mean difference, (SMD): -0.94; 95% CI: [-1.58, -0.31]; p = 0.004]. Oral statins performed best at week eight (SMD: -0.92; 95% CI: [-1.39, -0.44]; p = 0.0001). The mechanism of lipid-lowering drugs in the treatment of psoriasis may be related to the inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation, inhibition of CCL20-CCR6 interaction, and reduction in the levels of inflammatory factors. Limitations: There are few studies on lipid-lowering drugs and psoriasis, and their small sample sizes may render the evidence unconvincing. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that lipid-lowering drugs are relieving symptoms in psoriasis. Lipid-lowering drugs, particularly statins, can be used to treat psoriasis with good efficacy and few side effects.

Clostridium leptum induces the generation of interleukin-10+ regulatory B cells to alleviate airway inflammation in asthma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Asthma is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Previous studies have shown that the reduction of regulatory B cells (Bregs) can increase inflammation of the body and promote the formation of chronic airway inflammation in asthma, but the detailed mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The intestinal flora Clostridium leptum (CL) has been reported to modulate immune regulatory cells in the body, but the specific mechanisms are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CL on the differentiation of interleukin (IL)- 10+ Bregs and the regulation of the asthmatic inflammation-associated immune network. METHODS: The abundances of CL and the frequencies of blood Bregs from asthmatic patients and healthy controls were compared. The house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma model was established in mice. The effects of CL exposure and B cell infusion on Breg differentiation, T cell cytokine production, and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse lungs were examined. Bregs were cocultured with regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4+ non-Tregs to evaluate their roles on Foxp3 expression and T cell differentiation, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, asthmatic patients had significantly reduced frequencies of blood Bregs and abundances of fecal CL, and these two parameters were positively correlated. In the asthma model, the frequencies of Bregs in lungs were significantly reduced; while the infusion of Bregs isolated from CL- supplemented mice significantly reduced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. In addition, Bregs inhibited the differentiation of cocultured non-Tregs into multiple effector cells and enhanced Foxp3 expression in cocultured Tregs. CONCLUSION: Bregs contribute to the alleviation of airway inflammation, which provides insight on implementing CL-based microbial induction of Bregs in asthma therapy.

Determining the factors associated with oral health-related quality of life in Chinese elders: Findings from the fourth national survey.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between the self-reported oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of older Chinese people and their socio-economic status and oral health using data collected in the 4th National Oral Health Survey. METHODS: After multistage stratified cluster sampling, 4332 adults aged 65-74 years participated in the study. After a clinical examination, the participants completed a structured questionnaire. A Mandarin version of the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was included in the questionnaire. Clinical examinations were carried out using the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the associations of the clinical and socio-demographic variables with the GOHAI scores of the participants. RESULTS: The weighted mean (SE) GOHAI score was 51.6 (0.0). Female sex and having more than 10 missing teeth, unrestored tooth spaces, more than 10 decayed teeth and a periodontal pocket ≥6 mm were negatively associated with the GOHAI score, while having a higher education level and living in the Eastern region of China were positively associated with the GOHAI score. CONCLUSION: After adjustment for confounders, the OHRQoL of older Chinese individuals was mainly affected by untreated dental caries and the loss of teeth. Older Chinese individuals who were male, had a higher education level, were from the Eastern region, had no unrestored tooth spaces or deep periodontal pockets and had fewer decayed or missing teeth had higher GOHAI scores, indicating better OHRQoL.

Auriculasin enhances ROS generation to regulate colorectal cancer cell apoptosis, ferroptosis, oxeiptosis, invasion and colony formation.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system, and Chinese herbal medicine plays an important role in tumor treatment. The in-depth study of auriculasin isolated from Flemingia philippinensis showed that auriculasin promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a concentration-dependent manner; when ROS scavenger NAC was added, the effects of auriculasin in promoting ROS generation and inhibiting cell viability were blocked. Auriculasin induced CRC cell apoptosis, led to mitochondrial shrinkage, and increased the intracellular accumulation of Fe2+ and MDA. When auriculasin and NAC were added simultaneously, the levels of apoptosis, Fe2+ and MDA returned to the control group levels, indicating that auriculasin activated apoptosis and ferroptosis by inducing ROS generation. In addition, auriculasin promoted the expression of Keap1 and AIFM1, but significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of AIFM1, while NAC significantly blocked the regulation of Keap1 and AIFM1 by auriculasin, which indicates that auriculasin can also induce oxeiptosis through ROS. When Z-VAD-FMK, Ferrostatin-1, Keap1 siRNA, PGAM5 siRNA and AIFM1 siRNA were added respectively, the inhibitory effect of auriculasin on cell viability was significantly weakened, indicating that auriculasin inhibits cell viability by inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis and oxeiptosis. Auriculasin also inhibited the invasion and clone forming ability of CRC cells, while NAC blocked the above effects of auriculasin. Therefore, auriculasin can promote CRC cell apoptosis, ferroptosis and oxeiptosis by inducing ROS generation, thereby inhibiting cell viability, invasion and clone formation, indicating that auriculasin has a significant antitumor effect.

Trend on dental caries status and its risk indicators in children aged 12 years in China: a multilevel analysis based on the repeated national cross-sectional surveys in 2005 and 2015.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the trend and risk indicators for dental caries of children aged 12 years in China based on national oral health survey data in 2005 and 2015. METHODS: Research data were from the two latest national oral health surveys conducted in mainland China, including 30 and 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in 2005 and 2015, respectively. Children aged 12 years were clinically examined for dental caries and dental fluorosis according to the World Health Organization criteria. Sociodemographic characteristics and oral health-related behaviours were collected using questionnaires. Multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used to investigate the association between dental caries severity and dental fluorosis, sociodemographic characteristics, and oral health-related behaviours. RESULTS: The final analyses included 12,350 and 27,818 children surveyed in 2005 and 2015, respectively. The standardized prevalence of dental caries increased from 27.05% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.25-28.85) in 2005 to 37.92% (95% CI, 34.94-40.90) in 2015, and the respective standardized mean decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index scores increased from 0.50 (standard deviation [SD], 1.04) to 0.83 (SD, 1.45) (P < 0.001). Fujian province had the highest increase in dental caries, followed by Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hainan, and Yunnan. Results revealed that children who were girls, more frequently experienced dental pain, and had more recent dental visits, had significantly higher DMFT scores after adjusting for the survey year and other variables (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries of 12-year-old children in China deteriorated from 2005 to 2015, particularly in the northeast and southwest regions. Dental caries was associated with sex, dental pain, and dental service utilization.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-guided dynamic assembly for disease imaging and therapy.

The phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is inseparable from molecular aggregation and self-assembly. Therefore, the combination of AIE and supramolecular self-assembly is well-matched. AIE-guided dynamic assembly (AGDA) could effectively respond to the endogenous stimuli (such as pH, enzymes, redox molecules) and exogenous stimuli (temperature, light, ultrasound) in the disease microenvironment, so as to achieve specific imaging and diagnosis of the disease lesions. Moreover, AGDA also dynamically adjust the intramolecular motions of AIE molecules, thereby adjusting the energy dissipation pathways and realizing the switch between photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy for superior therapeutic effects. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the constructing strategies, stimuli-responsive imaging, regulation of intramolecular motion of AGDA in recent years, which is expected to grasp the research status and striving directions of AGDA for imaging and therapy.

Burden of cardiovascular disease from 1990 to 2017 in Henan Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in China. Little is known about the CVD burden and risk factors in Henan Province, China. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the CVD burden and main risk factors between 1990 and 2017 in the Henan Province in China. METHODS: The methodological framework and analytical strategies adopted in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 were used. RESULTS: (1) Age-standardized mortality rate attributed to CVDs increased from 355.0 per 100,000 persons in 1990 to 364.1 per 100,000 persons in 2017 in Henan. (2) Age-standardized disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate fell by 3.9% from 1990 to 2017. However, the number of DALYs attributed to CVDs increased by 75.9% from 4.2 million person-years in 1990 to 7.3 million person-years in 2017. (3) The age-standardized years lived with disability (YLDs) rate increased by 27.5% from 1990 to 2017. However, years of life lost (YLLs) rate decreased by 6.7% from 1990 to 2017. The contribution of YLLs to the DALYs decreased from 91.4% in 1990 to 89.2% in 2017. (4) Stroke (52.3%) and ischemic heart diseases (38.8%) accounted for 91.1% of total CVDs DALYs among adults in 2017. (5) Dietary factors such as high intake of sodium, alcohol use and low intake of fruits, high systolic blood pressure, and tobacco use were the top risk factors for CVDs, and the estimated population attributable fraction in 2017 was 69.4%, 56.7% and 25.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The absolute burden of CVDs in Henan is still high, although age-standardized DALYs declined between 1990 and 2017. The prevention and control of stroke and ischemic heart diseases should focus on a few modifiable risk factors which mainly contributed to the burden of CVDs, such as dietary factors, high systolic blood pressure, and tobacco use.

Associated Factors of Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Chinese Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years.

adolescents aged 12 to 15 years based on the 4th National Oral Health Survey and to explore its associated factors. METHODS: Students aged 12 to 15 years were recruited using to a multistage stratified random sampling method. All the subjects received oral examination and completed a questionnaire. Information relating to OHRQoL was collected through a Mandarin version of the child oral impacts on daily performances (Child-OIDP) questionnaire. The relationship between the Child-OIDP scores and independent variables was assessed using a Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and a multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS: A total of 89,582 subjects were included in the analysis, of whom 76.6% reported oral impacts in the last 6 months. Eating was the most affected daily performance. The results of the regression analysis showed that factors associated with adolescents' OHRQoL included sex, location of residence, region, only child status, parents' level of education, frequency of sugar consumption, self-perception of general/oral health, dental appointments in the past 12 months, oral health knowledge status, age, decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index and number of teeth with gingival bleeding. CONCLUSION: Oral impacts were common among Chinese adolescents, although most were not so severe. Eating was the most commonly affected performance. Sex, location of residence, region, only child status, parents' level of education, frequency of sugar consumption, selfperception of general/oral health status, dental appointments in the previous 12 months, oral health knowledge status, age, DMFT index and number of teeth with gingival bleeding were found to be associated with OHRQoL.

The relationship between different types of caries and periodontal disease severity in middle-aged and elderly people: findings from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between dental caries and periodontal disease is still controversial. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between different types of caries and periodontal disease severity in middle-aged and elderly people in China. METHODS: The study population consisted of 4407 middle-aged and 4117 elderly subjects. Caries were divided into the following three types: type A, crown caries; type B, lesions involving both the crown and root, representing mixed-type caries; and type C, root caries. These three types together represent the overall caries situation, which we call type ABC. Caries were quantitated by decayed and filled teeth (DFT index). Periodontitis was evaluated by clinical attachment loss. RESULTS: Middle-aged people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT type B (OR: 1.21, 95% CI 1.17-1.25) and type C (OR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.24-1.56). Elderly people with periodontitis had a significant association with DFT type C (OR: 1.28, 95% CI 1.21-1.35). CONCLUSIONS: In China, caries types B/C were positively correlated with periodontitis in the middle-aged group, and only caries type C was positively correlated with periodontitis in the elderly group.