Aminoazanium of A-site Cations in Metal-Free Halide Perovskite Single Crystals to Reduce Thermal Expansion for Efficient X-ray Detection.

Metal-free perovskites (MFPs) have recently become a newcomer in X-ray detection due to their flexibility and low toxicity characteristics. However, their photoelectronic properties and stability should be further improved mainly through materials design. Here, the aminoazanium of DABCO2+ was developed for the preparation of NDABCO-NH4Br3 (NDABCO = N-amino-N'-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium) single crystals (SCs), and its physical properties, intermolecular interactions, and device performance were systematically explored. Notably, NDABCO-NH4Br3 can achieve improved stability by enlarging defect formation energy and inducing abundant intermolecular forces. Moreover, the slight lattice distortion could ensure the weakening electron-phonon coupling for improving carrier transport. In particular, the slight lattice distortion after the long-chain NDABCO2+ introduction could retard thermal expansion for the preparation of high-quality crystals. Finally, the corresponding X-ray detector delivered a moderate sensitivity of 623.3 µC Gyair-1 cm-2. This work provides a novel strategy through rationally designed organic cations to balance the material stability and device performance.

Clinical Application and Curative Effect Analysis of Postural Awareness Surgical Tool Assisted Nail Placement in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

OBJECTIVE: The pedicle screw technique has been widely used in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis orthopedic surgery, but misplacement of screws may damage important structures such as blood vessels and nerves around the pedicle, resulting in serious consequences. Therefore, our research team has independently developed a surgical tool to assist in the placement of pedicle screws. This study aims to investigate the safety and accuracy of postural awareness tool assisted nail placement in orthopedic surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed on 24 adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis admitted to our hospital from July 2019 to July 2022, including 10 males and 14 females, with an average age of 14.88 ± 2.36 years (10-19 years). The mean follow-up was 15.67 ± 2.20 months (12-20 months). We divided the patients into postural awareness group (n = 12) and C-arm group (n = 12) according to whether the postural awareness surgical tool was used during the operation. All patients were treated with posterior spinal orthopedic surgery. The postural awareness group was assisted by pedicle screw placement with a postural awareness surgical tool, while the C-arm group was given a pedicle screw placement with freehand technique. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, nail placement related complications, nail placement accuracy, and scoliosis correction rate were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The operative time, intraoperative blood loss and fluoroscopy times in the postural awareness group were significantly lower than those in the C-arm group, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The postural awareness group implanted 163 screws with an accuracy rate of 91.41%, while the C-arm group implanted 159 screws with an accuracy rate of 83.02%. The accuracy rate of screw placement in the postural awareness group was higher than that in the C-arm group, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.024). According to the imaging of the patients, there was no significant difference between the Cobb Angle of the main bend measured at three time points before surgery, 1 week after surgery and the last follow-up between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the rate of lateral curvature correction between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The application of postural awareness surgical tool in posterior orthopedic surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can improve screw placement accuracy, shorten screw placement time, and make auxiliary screw placement safer and more accurate.

Relationship between dietary niacin intake and erectile dysfunction: a population-based study.

ABSTRACT: Existing research on the precise link between dietary niacin intake and erectile dysfunction (ED) is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential association between dietary niacin intake and the risk of ED. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were used to examine the relationship between dietary niacin intake and ED. Subgroup interaction analysis was performed to assess the impact of different subgroups on the study outcomes. In addition, 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to adjust for potential confounding factors, ensuring the reliability of the results. The analyzed data were collected from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the USA. The study encompassed 3184 adults, among whom 863 participants were identified as having ED. Following adjustments for potential confounders, the findings revealed that higher niacin intake, specifically in the highest tertile, was associated with a decreased risk of ED compared to that in the lowest tertile, showing an odds ratio (OR) of 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37-0.85). Analysis of dose-response curves illustrated a negative correlation between dietary niacin intake and the risk of ED. Subgroup and interaction analyses fortified the consistency of these results. Furthermore, PSM corroborated the validity of the findings. This study suggests an inverse association between dietary niacin intake and the risk of ED. However, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship remains elusive, and defining the safe threshold of niacin intake to prevent ED requires further investigation.

Molecular Design of Layered Hybrid Silver Bismuth Bromine Single Crystal for Ultra-Stable X-Ray Detection With Record Sensitivity.

Nowadays, weak interlayer coupling and unclear mechanism in layered hybrid silver bismuth bromine (LH-AgBiBr) are the main reasons for limiting its further enhanced X-ray detection sensitivity and stability. Herein, the design rules for LH-AgBiBr and its influence on X-ray detection performance are reported for the first time. Although shortening amine size can enhance interlayer coupling, its detection performance is severely hampered by its easier defect formation caused by enlarged micro strain. In contrast, an appropriate divalent amine design endows the material with improved interlayer coupling and released micro strain, which benefits crystal stability and mechanical hardness. Another contribution is to increase material density and dielectric constant; thus, enhancing X-ray absorption and carrier transport. Consequently, the optimized parallel device based on BDA2 AgBiBr8 achieves a record sensitivity of 2638 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 and an ultra-low detection limit of 7.4 nGyair s-1 , outperforming other reported LH-AgBiBr X-ray detectors. Moreover, the unencapsulated device displays remarkable anti-moisture, anti-thermal (>150 °C), and anti-radiation (>1000 Gyair ) endurance. Eventually, high-resolution hard X-ray imaging is demonstrated by linear detector arrays under a benign dose rate (1.63 µGyair s-1 ) and low external bias (5 V). Hence, these findings provide guidelines for future materials design and device optimization.

Associations between exposure to organophosphate esters and overactive bladder in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The relationship between exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and the risk of developing overactive bladder (OAB) is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential link between urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters and OAB. Method: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database of the 2011-2016 cycles were utilized. Four urinary metabolites of organophosphate esters: diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), and dibutyl phosphate (DBUP) were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to evaluate the relationship between urinary OPEs metabolites and OAB. Interaction analysis was conducted on subgroups to confirm the findings. Results: A total of 3,443 United States (US) adults aged 20 years or older were included in the study, of whom 597 participants were considered to have OAB. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found a positive association between DPHP and the risk of overactive bladder. The risk of overactive bladder increased with increasing DPHP concentrations compared with quartile 1 (quartile 2, OR = 1.19, 95% CI, 0.82-1.73, P = 0.34; quartile 3, OR = 1.67, 95% CI, 1.10-2.53, P = 0.02; Q4, OR = 1.75, 95% CI, 1.26-2.43, P = 0.002). However, after dividing the participants by gender, only the female group retained consistent results. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nonlinear dose-response correlation between DPHP and OAB in female participants. In the subgroup analysis based on age, race, body mass index (BMI), recreational activity, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke, the interaction analysis revealed that the findings were uniform. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that exposure to DPHP could elevate the risk of OAB in US adult females. Further experimental studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanism in the future.

Metal-Free Hydrazinium Halide Perovskitoid Single Crystals for X-ray Detection.

Metal-free perovskitoids (MFPs) with N2H5+ as B-site component possess higher crystal density and hydrogen bonding networks and have been recently expanded into X-ray detection. However, research on this material is in its infancy and lacks an understanding of the function of halide components on physical properties and device performance. Here, N2H5-based MFP single crystals (SCs) with different halides are fabricated, and the influence of halides on the crystal structure, band nature, charge transport characteristics, and final device performance is actively explored. Based on theory and experiments, the tolerance factor and octahedral factor jointly determine the octahedral composition. Further, halides with different electronegativities and ionic radii also affect octahedral distortion and energy band bending, further influencing carrier transport and device performance. Finally, a sensitivity of 1284 µC Gyair-1 cm-2 and low detection limits (LoD) of 5.62 µGyair s-1 were obtained by the Br-based device due to its superior physical properties.

Vacuum Deposited Perovskites with a Controllable Crystal Orientation.

The preferential orientation of the perovskite (PVK) is typically accomplished by manipulation of the mixed cation/halide composition of the solution used for wet processing. However, for PVKs grown by thermal evaporation, this has been rarely addressed. It is unclear how variation in crystal orientation affects the optoelectronic properties of thermally evaporated films, including the charge carrier mobility, lifetime, and trap densities. In this study, we use different intermediate annealing temperatures Tinter between two sequential evaporation cycles to control the Cs0.15FA0.85PbI2.85Br0.15 orientation of the final PVK layer. XRD and 2D-XRD measurements reveal that when using no intermediate annealing primarily the (110) orientation is obtained, while when using Tinter = 100 °C a nearly isotropic orientation is found. Most interestingly for Tinter > 130 °C a highly oriented PVK (100) is formed. We found that although bulk electronic properties like photoconductivity are independent of the preferential orientation, surface related properties differ substantially. The highly oriented PVK (100) exhibits improved photoluminescence in terms of yield and lifetime. In addition, high spatial resolution mappings of the contact potential difference (CPD) as measured by KPFM for the highly oriented PVK show a more homogeneous surface potential distribution than those of the nonoriented PVK. These observations suggest that a highly oriented growth of thermally evaporated PVK is preferred to improve the charge extraction at the device level.

Relationship Between Systemic Inflammatory Response Index and Erectile Dysfunction: A Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in American men. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 and 2004 were used. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the relationship between SIRI and ED. Interaction analysis was performed for subgroups to verify the results. Meanwhile, 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors for data reanalysis to confirm the reliability of the results. RESULTS: A total of 3543 US adults aged 20years or older were included in the study, of whom 955 participants were considered to have ED. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found that compared with the lowest tertiles, the highest tertiles of SIRI showed a positive association with ED, which odd ratio was 1.70 (95%CI: 1.16-2.50). Dose-response curve analysis showed a positive linear correlation between SIRI and ED prevalence. And in the subgroup analysis, the interaction analysis showed that the results were consistent. Meanwhile, the matching of propensity scores further confirmed the validity of the results. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, in this cross-sectional study, we found a positive relationship between SIRI and the prevalence of ED. Further experimental studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanism in the future.

Tuning the magnetic ordering driven by cationic antisite defects in the Li(ZnMn)As system.

The electronic structure and magnetic properties of Li(ZnMn)As with antisite defects have been investigated by using first-principles calculations within the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation. The cation antisite defect induced by Zn substitution for As was considered. Mn-3d, As-4p, Zn-4s, and Zn-4p were involved in the formation of d-sp hybrid orbitals, which enhanced the non-localized properties of Mn-3d electrons and provided a channel of Mn(↑)-As(↓)-ZnAs(↓)-Mn(↑) for indirect exchange of electrons between the magnetic ions. The antisite defect of Zn-substituted As belonged to the acceptor doping, rendering the compound p-type characteristics. The existence of the extra free hole carriers regulated the magnetic ordering transition. The ferromagnetic coupling between the Mn magnetic dopants was more favorable in the system with an antisite defect. In this paper, a novel type of dilute magnetic semiconductor with controllable carriers was designed and the mechanism of ferromagnetic coupling was revealed, which provided a theoretical reference for the subsequent studies.

Two-Dimensional Metal Halides for X-Ray Detection Applications.

Metal halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising candidates for the next generation of X-ray detectors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Especially, two-dimensional (2D) perovskites afford many distinct properties, including remarkable structural diversity, high generation energy, and balanced large exciton binding energy. With the advantages of 2D materials and perovskites, it successfully reduces the decomposition and phase transition of perovskite and effectively suppresses ion migration. Meanwhile, the existence of a high hydrophobic spacer can block water molecules, thus making 2D perovskite obtain excellent stability. All of these advantages have attracted much attention in the field of X-ray detection. This review introduces the classification of 2D halide perovskites, summarizes the synthesis technology and performance characteristics of 2D perovskite X-ray direct detector, and briefly discusses the application of 2D perovskite in scintillators. Finally, this review also emphasizes the key challenges faced by 2D perovskite X-ray detectors in practical application and presents our views on its future development.

PF6 - Pseudohalides Anion Based Metal-Free Perovskite Single Crystal for Stable X-Ray Detector to Attain Record Sensitivity.

Metal-free perovskites (MFPs) possess excellent photophysical properties of perovskites while avoiding the introduction of toxic metal ions and organic solvents, and have been expanded to X-ray detection. However, iodine-based high-performance MFPs are tended to oxidation, corrosion, and uncontrolled ion migration, resulting in poor material stability and device performance. Herein, the strongly electronegative PF6 - pseudohalide is used to fabricate the large-size MDABCO-NH4 (PF6 )3 (MDBACO = methyl-N'-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium) single crystals (SCs) for solving the problems of iodine ions. After the introduction of PF6 - pseudohalides, the Coulomb interaction and hydrogen bonding strength are enhanced to alleviate the ion-migration and stability problems. Moreover, combined with theoretical calculations, PF6 - pseudohalides increase the ion-migration barrier, and affect the contribution of its components to the energy band for a broadening bandgap. Meanwhile, the improved physical properties, such as large activation energy of ionic migration, high resistivity, and low current drift, further expand its application in low-dose and sensitive X-ray detection. Finally, the X-ray detector based on MDABCO-NH4 (PF6 )3 SCs achieves a sensitivity of 2078 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 (highest among metal-free SCs-based detectors) and the lowest detectable dose rate (16.3 nGyair s-1 ). This work has expanded the selection of MFPs for X-ray detectors and somewhat advanced the development of high-performance devices.

Hydrogen Bonds Strengthened Metal-Free Perovskite for Degradable X-ray Detector with Enhanced Stability, Flexibility and Sensitivity.

Metal-free perovskites (MFPs) with flexible and degradable properties have been adopted in flexible X-ray detection. For now, figuring out the key factors between structure and device performance are critical to guide the design of MFPs. Herein, MPAZE-NH4 I3 ⋅ H2 O was first designed and synthesized with improved structural stability and device performance. Through theoretical calculations, the introducing methyl group benefits modulating tolerance factor, increases dipole moment and strengthens hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, H2 O increases the hydrogen bond formation sites and synergistically realizes the band nature modulation, ionic migration inhibition and structural stiffness optimization. Spectra analysis also proves that the improved electron-phonon coupling and carrier recombination lifetime contribute to enhanced performance. Finally, a flexible and degradable X-ray detector was fabricated with the highest sensitivity of 740.8 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 and low detection limit (0.14 nGyair s-1 ).

Manipulate energy transport via fluorinated spacers towards record-efficiency 2D Dion-Jacobson CsPbI3 solar cells.

Two-dimensional (2D) Dion-Jacobson (D-J)-type cesium lead iodide CsPbI3 perform remarkably in terms of stability. However, the complex interactions between spacer and inorganic layers limit its excellent progress in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, starting from the considerable structural diversity of organic spacers, we engineer 2D CsPbI3 with fine-tuning functionalities. Specifically, for the first time we embedded fluorinated aromatic cations in 2D D-J CsPbI3, and successfully applied it into construction of high-performance PSCs. Compared with constitutive 1,4-diaminobenzene (PDA), the fluorinated 2-fluorobenzene-1,4-diamine (F-PDA) component greatly expands the dipole moment from 0.59D to 3.47D, which reduces the exciton binding energy of the system. A theoretical study shows that the spacer layer and inorganic plane are more enriched with charge accumulation in (F-PDA)Csn-1PbnI3n+1. The results show that (F-PDA)Csn-1PbnI3n+1 demonstrates more significant charge transfer between organic and inorganic layers than (PDA)Csn-1PbnI3n+1, and it is confirmed in the femtosecond transient absorption experiment. Moreover, the interactions of the fluorinated spacer with the [PbI6]4- plane effectively manipulate the crystallization quality, and thus the ion migration and defect formation of target 2D CsPbI3 are inhibited. As a result, we obtained a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) beyond 15% for 2D D-J (F-PDA)Cs3Pb4I13 (n = 4) PSCs with significantly improved environmental stability compared with the three-dimensional (3D) counterparts.

Cinnamaldehyde causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish via the oxidative stress pathway that is rescued by astaxanthin.

Toxicology studies provide a reliable dose range for the use of compounds. Zebrafish show unique advantages in toxicology research. Cinnamaldehyde (Cin) is one of the main active compounds isolated from Cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum. In this study, we investigated the developmental neurotoxicity of cinnamaldehyde in zebrafish and preliminarily explored its underlying mechanism. Cinnamaldehyde causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish, as evidenced by the damage to ventricular structures, eye malformations, shortened body length, trunk curvature, decreased neuronal fluorescence, and pericardial oedema. Moreover, it can induce abnormal behaviour and gene expression in zebrafish. After treatment with the oxidative stress inhibitor astaxanthin, the behaviour and abnormal gene expression were reversed. All of these data demonstrated that the developmental neurotoxicity of cinnamaldehyde might be attributed to oxidative stress. In addition, this study also confirmed that zebrafish is a reliable model for toxicity studies.

Vertically Oriented Porous PET as Template to Integrated Metal Halide for High-Performance Large-Area and Ultra-Flexible X-Ray Detector.

High-performance X-ray detectors have immense potential in medical and security inspections. However, the current X-ray detectors are limited in flexible, high-spatial-resolution large-scale detection, and integration for imaging. Here, nuclear track-etched porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is developed as the template for preparing uniform, large-area (≥105 cm2 ), and flexible metal halide (MH)-based X-ray detectors. Adjustable high-density vertically oriented porous PET with adjustable thickness can provide proper physical support for flexible thick absorption film, thus improving X-ray absorption ability with excellent bending stability. Moreover, vertical channels can block the ion migration, lateral charge diffusion, and water/oxygen attacks, increasing activation energy for ionic transport, charge collection rate of electrodes, and environmental stability. Hence, the related detectors eventually obtain large sensitivity (6722 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 ), low detection limit (1.87 nGyair s-1 ), and high spatial resolution (5.17 lp mm-1 ) compared to the detectors without porous PET template. Meanwhile, the device shows no degradation after storage or working under various thermal attacks. MH-filled-PET is also monolithically integrated on the bottom circuit with different MHs and it is applied to single-pixel mode and fast linear-array imaging in a broad range of X-rays photon energy (20 to 160 keV).

Low-Trap-Density CsPbX3 Film for High-Efficiency Indoor Photovoltaics.

The continuous advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and photovoltaic technology has promoted the development of indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) that powers wireless devices. Nowadays, the CsPbX3 perovskite has received widespread attention because of its high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in an indoor environment and suitable band gap for IPVs. In this work, we regulated the thickness of the photoactive layer (to optimize the carrier transport process without affecting indoor absorption) and bromine substitution (to adjust the band gap and improve the quality of the film) to reduce trap-assisted carrier recombination. A CsPbI2.7Br0.3 perovskite cell with excellent performance was obtained, which is superior to c-Si cells in a low-light environment. The optimized device achieved PCE values of 32.69 and 33.11% under a 1000 lux fluorescent lamp and white light-emitting diode (WLED) illumination. The J-V hysteresis of the device is also effectively suppressed. Moreover, it has a steady-state output power of 7.76 µW (0.09 cm2, and can be enhanced by enlarging the areas), which can meet the consumption of many small wireless devices. It is worth noting that the optimized device has excellent applicability to be used in a complex indoor environment.

Flexible Diodes/Transistors Based on Tunable p-n-Type Semiconductivity in Graphene/Mn-Co-Ni-O Nanocomposites.

We report a novel Mn-Co-Ni-O (MCN) nanocomposite in which the p-type semiconductivity of Mn-Co-Ni-O can be manipulated by addition of graphene. With an increase of graphene content, the semiconductivity of the nanocomposite can be tuned from p-type through electrically neutral to n-type. The very low effective mass of electrons in graphene facilitates electron tunneling into the MCN, neutralizing holes in the MCN nanoparticles. XPS analysis shows that the multivalent manganese ions in the MCN nanoparticles are chemically reduced by the graphene electrons to lower-valent states. Unlike traditional semiconductor devices, electrons are excited from the filled graphite band into the empty band at the Dirac points from where they move freely in the graphene and tunnel into the MCN. The new composite film demonstrates inherent flexibility, high mobility, short carrier lifetime, and high carrier concentration. This work is useful not only in manufacturing flexible transistors, FETs, and thermosensitive and thermoelectric devices with unique properties but also in providing a new method for future development of 2D-based semiconductors.

Magnetic Field-Assisted Perovskite Film Preparation for Enhanced Performance of Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising low-cost photovoltaic technologies with high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The crystalline quality of perovskite materials is crucial to the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs. Herein, a simple approach is introduced to prepare high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films with larger crystalline grains and longer carriers lifetime by using magnetic field to control the nucleation and crystal growth. The fabricated planar CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells have an average PCE of 17.84% and the highest PCE of 18.56% using an optimized magnetic field at 80 mT. In contrast, the PSCs fabricated without the magnetic field give an average PCE of 15.52% and the highest PCE of 16.72%. The magnetic field action produces an ordered arrangement of the perovskite ions, improving the crystallinity of the perovskite films and resulting in a higher PCE.

Diversification of nanostructure morphology by modifying angle-resolved heterogeneous shadow mask.

This article presents a facile and generally applicable methodology for the morphology diversification of two-dimensional (2D) nanostructure arrays by modifying angle-resolved heterogeneous shadow mask (AR-HSM). Colloid spheres are used to prepare scalable well-organized monolayer film by self-assembly method and then etched in oxygen plasma to reduce size. Subsequently, the heterogeneous layer is generated by tilted metal deposition technique, then utilized as shadow mask in the substrate etching process, and finally removed by wet etching technique. As a result, the controllable fabrication of a series of complex morphologies, ranging from the crescent structure to the hoof-like structure and the stripes with apexes, is realized. The morphology of the nanostructure array is depend on the profile of the heterogeneous shadow mask (HSM) which is correlated to the incidence angle of the metal vapor. Therefore, a theoretical model is built for the prediction and design of the nanostructure morphology. This AR-HSM aided approach provides a novel and accessible route for the diversification of nanostructure morphology; and can be readily extended to other functional substrates which may be applied in photovoltaic devices or bio-chemical sensors.

A z-axis quartz cross-fork micromachined gyroscope based on shear stress detection.

Here we propose a novel quartz micromachined gyroscope. The sensor has a simple cross-fork structure in the x-y plane of quartz crystal. Shear stress rather than normal stress is utilized to sense Coriolis' force generated by the input angular rate signal. Compared to traditional quartz gyroscopes, which have two separate sense electrodes on each sidewall, there is only one electrode on each sidewall of the sense beam. As a result, the fabrication of the electrodes is simplified and the structure can be easily miniaturized. In order to increase sensitivity, a pair of proof masses is attached to the ends of the drive beam, and the sense beam has a tapered design. The structure is etched from a z-cut quartz wafer and the electrodes are realized by direct evaporation using the aperture mask method. The drive mode frequency of the prototype is 13.38 kHz, and the quality factor is approximately 1,000 in air. Therefore, the gyroscope can work properly without a vacuum package. The measurement ability of the shear stress detection design scheme is validated by the Coriolis' force test. The performance of the sensor is characterized on a precision rate table using a specially designed readout circuit. The experimentally obtained scale factor is 1.45 mV/°/s and the nonlinearity is 3.6% in range of ± 200 °/s.