Isoquercitrin alleviates OGD/R-induced oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells via the NRF1/TFAM pathway.

Isoquercitrin (ISO) is a traditional Chinese medicine extract, that has been found to possess potent neuroprotective properties. However, its precise role in the context of ischemic stroke (IS) remains to be fully elucidated. We constructed an in vitro model of IS induced by OGD/R in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability, the levels of oxidative stress-related indicators (8-OHDG, MDA, SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px), ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by using detection kits. The protein levels of GPX1, SOD, Cytc were measured. The mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related indicators (Cytb, CO1, ND2, ND5, and ND6), and mtDNA copy number were measured by RT-qPCR. ATP levels were measured. Molecular docking between ISO and NRF1, and Co-IP assay for NRF1 and TFAM interaction were performed. Expression of NRF1 and TFAM was evaluated. ISO treatment reversed the detrimental effects of OGD/R on cell viability, attenuated the elevation of oxidative stress markers, restored antioxidant levels, and alleviated the impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. ISO interacted with NRF1 and increased its expression along with TFAM. Silencing NRF1 reversed the protective effects of ISO, suggesting its involvement in mediating the neuroprotective effects of ISO. ISO alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis damage induced by OGD/R in SH-SY5Y cells by upregulating the NRF1/TFAM pathway.

Dry eye and decreased tear film stability in primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients.

PURPOSE: Exploring the prevalence of dry eye (DE) and the changes of tear film stability in patients with primary acquired obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct (PANDO). METHODS: In this cross-sectional, observational study, 370 eyes in 223 patients with PANDO were assessed. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was used to evaluate ocular surface symptoms, and the Keratograph 5M non-invasive ocular surface analyser was used to assess ocular surface parameters. According to the TFOS DEWS II criteria, patients with OSDI ≥ 13 and NIKBUT < 10 s were diagnosed with DE. RESULTS: Of the 223 PANDO patients, 65 (29.1%) met the diagnostic criteria for DE. Compared with patients without DE, PANDO patients with DE were significantly older (p < 0.001), had a longer duration of epiphora (p = 0.023), and more likely to have a positive regurgitation on pressure over the lacrimal sac (ROPLAS) sign (p = 0.003). Multifactorial analysis showed that older age, positive ROPLAS and hypertension were significant independent predictors of DE (p < 0.05). Among the 147 unilateral PANDO patients without DE, the TMH, NIKBUT-first, NIKBUT-average and bulbar erythema scores were significantly higher in the PANDO sides. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrated the prevalence of DE in PANDO patients was 29.1% and DE is more likely to occur in those who are older, have hypertension and are positive for ROPLAS. In addition, in patients with unilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction, a decrease in tear film stability was observed in the healthy eye.

Modified Conjoint Fascial Sheath and Levator Muscle Complex Suspension for the Correction of Simple Severe Congenital Ptosis in Pediatrics and the Effect on Refractive Status.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of modified combined fascia sheath and levator muscle complex suspension to correct severe congenital ptosis in pediatrics and the effect on refractive status. METHODS: This prospective, case series study enrolled patients (aged ≤18 years) with simple severe congenital ptosis at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. All patients were treated with combined fascia sheath + levator muscle suspension and followed up for 3 months. Preoperative and postoperative cycloplegic refraction and the best-corrected visual acuity were performed. The types of astigmatism include with-the-rule, against-the-rule, and oblique. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (50 eyes) were enrolled. The mean age was 7.11 ± 3.72 years. The surgery success rate was 90.0%. Following surgery, the eyelid contour of all eyes exhibited natural symmetry and satisfactory curvature. The eyelid height difference in OUs was ≤1 mm for 42 eyes. For 47 eyes, the eyelid crease was symmetry. Two eyes had conjunctival prolapse, and 1 eye developed trichiasis. After surgery, cylinder power changed from mean -1.14 ± 1.27 D to -1.54 ± 1.25 D ( p < 0.001) and best-corrected visual acuity improved from mean 0.205 ± 0.217 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution to 0.168 ± 0.176 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution ( p = 0.048). The quantities of with-the-rule increased from 35 eyes to 41 eyes, oblique from 4 eyes to 6 eyes, while against-the-rule decreased from 11 eyes to 3 eyes ( p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Combined fascia sheath + levator muscle suspension under general anesthesia is effective and safe for severe congenital ptosis in pediatrics. However, astigmatism increased and the types of astigmatism changed after surgery.

Quality of Vision in Eyes with Chronic Dacryocystitis After Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy.

Purpose: To assess the quality of vision (QOV) of patients with chronic dacryocystitis and explore the impact of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (En-DCR) on patients' QOV, with the aim of increasing clinicians' attention to the potential QOV changes in patients with chronic dacryocystitis. Patients and Methods: Chronic dacryocystitis patients who attended the Department of Oculoplastics, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2022 to June 2022 and had En-DCR were included. The QOV was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using the Quick-contrast sensitivity function test (qCSF) and the OPD ScanIII comprehensive visual quality analyser, and the contrast sensitivity function (CSF), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and modulation transfer function (MTF) data were recorded. Results: Thirty-eight patients with chronic dacryocystitis were included. QOV analysis of those with monocular chronic dacryocystitis revealed that HOAs were significantly higher in affected eyes than in contralateral eyes (P < 0.05), and CSF and MTF were significantly lower in affected eyes than in contralateral eyes (P < 0.05). One month after En-DCR, patients' HOAs, CSF, and MTF were significantly improved (P < 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the effect of intraoperative combined silicone intubation versus no intubation on QOV (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Chronic dacryocystitis can significantly affect the QOV of patients. Successful En-DCR significantly improves the CSF, HOAs and MTF, which can effectively improve the QOV.