Update on volatile organic compound (VOC) source profiles and ozone formation potential in synthetic resins industry in China.

The synthetic resin industry plays an important role in Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from industrial sources. However, owing to various products and their different emission characteristics, it is extremely difficult to study the source profiles of synthetic resins. In this study, the product-based pollution characteristics of VOCs from eight synthetic resin enterprises were investigated in Shanghai, China. Up to 133 VOCs were identified, including 106 based on the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) and the Toxic Organics (TO-15) methods, and the remaining 27 were identified based on the new mass spectrometry analysis method. Aromatics (39.7%) and oxygenated VOCs (29.9%) accounted for a relatively high proportion in the synthetic resin industry. The product-based source profiles of each process unit are compiled. Generally, 1,4-dioxane, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, styrene, propane, and dichloromethane are the most abundant species in synthetic resin. Furthermore, the product-based ozone formation potentials (OFPs) and sources reactivity (SR) were calculated, the synthetic resin industry SR range from 0.3 g g-1 to 4.6 g g-1. Results suggest that toluene, benzene, styrene, propylene, ethylene, and oxygenated VOCs (including 1,4-dioxane, methyl isobutyl ketone, and aldehyde) should be preferentially controlled to reduce the OFPs. A three-level classification was established to evaluate the degree of photochemical pollution in different industries. Emission factors were calculated and ranked for eight synthetic resins. A VOC emission inventory of Chinese synthetic resin from 2005 to 2018 was compiled. It is estimated that the Chinese synthetic resin emitted 23.96 Gg of VOCs in 2018. In this study, a product-based VOC source profile and emission inventory of the synthetic resin industry were established for the first time. Finally, combined with product types, processes, and processing equipment, feasible recommendations for reducing VOC emissions in the synthetic resin industry are proposed.

Thermal annealing effect on the electrical quality of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructure devices.

The development of the dry transfer method provides an abundant platform to construct various heterostructures of two-dimensional materials. However, the surface and interface cleanliness are essential to realize high electronical performance of heterostructures devices. Here, we demonstrated thermal annealing effect on the mobility and electrical transport properties of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures devices. With different annealing temperature recipes for graphene on hexagonal boron nitride devices, we found annealing temperature at 300 °C can clean resist residual and achieve high mobility. Atomic force microscopy results also present a clean surface and small average root mean square roughness as low as 210 pm. Well defined oscillations and plateaus of electrical transport at low magnetic field indicate a high-quality graphene surface.

Phase-Defined van der Waals Schottky Junctions with Significantly Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties.

We demonstrate a van der Waals Schottky junction defined by crystalline phases of multilayer In2Se3. Besides ideal diode behaviors and the gate-tunable current rectification, the thermoelectric power is significantly enhanced in these junctions by more than three orders of magnitude compared with single-phase multilayer In2Se3, with the thermoelectric figure-of-merit approaching ∼1 at room temperature. Our results suggest that these significantly improved thermoelectric properties are not due to the 2D quantum confinement effects but instead are a consequence of the Schottky barrier at the junction interface, which leads to hot carrier transport and shifts the balance between thermally and field-driven currents. This "bulk" effect extends the advantages of van der Waals materials beyond the few-layer limit. Adopting such an approach of using energy barriers between van der Waals materials, where the interface states are minimal, is expected to enhance the thermoelectric performance in other 2D materials as well.

Effect of TRAIL in combination with DDP on the expression of MDR1 gene in gastric cancer cells.

INTRODUCTION: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor, and gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapy is one of the most important treatment options for gastric cancer, and could improve the overall survival rate and quality of live, one significant reason for its failure is multidrug resistance (MDR). AIM: To study the effect of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) combined with chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (DDP) on the expression of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) in the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901/VCR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: SGC-7901/VCR cells were cultured with DDP and TRAIL in various concentrations. The apoptosis rate was separately measured by a flow cytometer in DDP (sub-toxic dose) alone, TRAIL (200 µg/l) alone and in a combination of the two. Expression levels of MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The apoptosis rate in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.05). According to the results of RT-PCR and ELISA, the expressions of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp in the combination group were statistically significant different compared with other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of TRAIL with DDP could reverse MDR phenotype in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/VCR. The mechanism may be involved in the down-regulation of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp, which may play an essential role in overcoming the chemotherapeutic resistance of gastric cancer cells. This study indicates that a combination of chemotherapy and TRAIL may be an effective strategy to treat MDR gastric cancer.

[Textual research on the distribution and circulation of Yi lei yuan rong (Fighting Diseases in Medical Field)].

Written by Wang Hao-gu (1200-1264) of the Yuan Dynasty, Yi lei yuan rong (Fighting Diseases in Medical Field) includes 12 volumes, with the twelve channels as its outline. It first describes the cold pathogenic diseases, and appended with the miscellaneous diseases. It is characterized by breaking the boundaries of cold pathogenic diseases and miscellaneous diseases, not only introducing the syndrome differentiation of six channels theory into the treatment of miscellaneous diseases, but also using the prescriptions of miscellaneous diseases for the treatment of six channels syndromes. The combination of treatment of these two kinds of diseases had a clinical significance. According to General Catalogue of the Ancient Literature of Chinese Medicine in China, there were many editions of the book, including 12-volume editions and 1-volume editions. The former was written by Wang Hao-gu and the later was the abstract of the book, compiled by Du Si-jing of the Yuan Dynasty.