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Currently, the most effective way to improve the anti-fouling performance of water treatment separation membrane is to enhance the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface, but it can still cause contamination, leading to the occurrence of flux reduction. The construction of a strong hydration layer to resist wastewater contamination is still a challenging task. In this study, a defect-free hydration layer barrier was achieved by grafting chitosan polysaccharide derivatives (CS-SDAEM) on the membrane, which achieved in effective fouling prevention and low flux decline rate. A layer of tannic acid-coated carbon nanotubes (TA@CNTs) has been uniformly deposited on the commercial PVDF membrane so that the surface was rich in -COOH groups, providing sufficient reaction sites. These reactive groups facilitate the grafting of amphiphilic polymers onto the membrane. This modification strategy achieved in enhancing the antifouling performance. The modified membrane achieved low contamination rate with DR of 16.9 % for wastewater filtration, and the flux recovery rate was above 95 % with PWF of 1100 (L·m-2·h-1). The membrane had excellent anti-fouling performance, which provided a new route for the future development of water treatment membrane.
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Quitosana , Emulsões , Membranas Artificiais , Nanotubos de Carbono , Polivinil , Purificação da Água , Purificação da Água/métodos , Quitosana/química , Polivinil/química , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Taninos/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Água/química , Águas Residuárias/química , Óleos/química , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Filtração/métodos , Polímeros de FluorcarbonetoRESUMO
Intraplate earthquakes induced by anthropogenic fluid injection present unexpected seismic risk to previously quiescent or low seismicity-rate regions. Despite many studies of induced seismicity, there are relatively few with detailed openly accessible constraints on the interaction between seismic sources and subsurface structures. In this study of the Raton Basin, we refine source observations from a dense nodal array and constrain basin structure using teleseismic receiver functions. The cross-correlation-based relocated hypocentres and a new set of focal mechanisms light up active fault segments and show clear spatiotemporal patterns. The geometric complexity of reactivated fault clusters appears greatest near higher rate injection wells. Simpler normal fault structure is found farther from injection wells and near abrupt structural transitions suggested by receiver functions. While less induced seismicity in the crystalline basement is expected when injection is >1 km from the top of the basement (like Raton), our receiver function analysis identified a basin thickness ~3 km beneath the nodal array and lateral variations in sedimentary structures. Our results explain potential fluid connectivity between the injection depths focused at ~1-1.5 km below the surface and basement fault activity that begins at ~3 km and reaches peak activity at ~4-8 km depths. This article is part of the theme issue 'Induced seismicity in coupled subsurface systems'.
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Rabies is a zoonotic infection with the potential to infect all mammals and poses a significant threat to mortality. Although enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests and real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) have been established for rabies virus (RABV) detection, they require skilled staff. Here, we introduce a personal glucose meter (PGM)-based nucleic acid (NA-PGM) detection method to diagnose RABV. This method ensures sensitive and convenient RABV diagnosis through hybridization of reverse transcription-recombinase aided amplification (RT-RAA) amplicons with probes labeled with sucrose-converting enzymes, reaching a detection level as low as 6.3 copies/µL equivalent to 12.26 copies. NA-PGM allows for the differentiation of RABV from other closely related viruses. In addition, NA-PGM showed excellent performance on 65 clinical samples with a 100% accuracy rate compared with the widely adopted RT-qPCR method. Thus, our developed NA-PGM method stands out as sensitive, semiquantitative, and portable for RABV detection, showcasing promise as a versatile platform for a wide range of pathogens.
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In this study, the dual strategy of 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid (IL) grafting and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposition was applied to modify poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based membranes. The highly hydrophilic/oleophobic and fouling-resistant PVDF-g-IL/CNTs membranes with excellent separation efficiency were obtained by the nonsolvent-induced phase separation method with ethanol-water mixed solution as the coagulation bath. The grafted IL not only generated hydrophilic groups on PVDF chains but also acted together with the CNTs to induce the formation of hydrophilic ß-crystalline phase of PVDF, which significantly improved the hydrophilicity and pore structure of the modified PVDF membranes. As a result, the pure water flux of the optimal membrane increased up to 294.2 L m-2 h-1, which was 5.2 times greater than that of the pure PVDF membrane. Simultaneously, the electrostatic interaction of the positive IL and the integration of CNTs enhanced adsorption sites of the membranes, producing exceptional retention and adsorption of dye wastewater and oil-water emulsion. This study presents a straightforward and efficient approach for fabricating PVDF separation membranes, which have potential applications in the purification of various polluted wastewater.
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Accumulated alterations in metabolic control provide energy and anabolic demands for enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Exemplified by the Warburg effect, changes in glucose metabolism during cancer progression are widely recognized as a characteristic of metabolic disorders. Since telomerases are a vital factor in maintaining DNA integrity and stability, any damage threatening telomerases could have a severe impact on DNA and, subsequently, whole-cell homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether the regulation of glucose metabolism in cancer is connected to the regulation of telomerase. In this review, we present the latest insights into the crosstalk between telomerase function and glucose metabolism in cancer cells. However, at this moment this subject is not well investigated that the association is mostly indirectly regulations and few explicit regulating pathways were identified between telomerase and glucose metabolism. Therefore, the information presented in this review can provide a scientific basis for further research on the detail mechanism and the clinical application of cancer therapy, which could be valuable in improving the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
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Glucose , Neoplasias , Telomerase , Humanos , Telomerase/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Glucose/metabolismo , AnimaisRESUMO
Tartronic acid is known for its potential to inhibit sugar-to-lipid conversion in the human body, leading to weight loss and fat reduction. This compound is predominantly found in cucumbers and other cucurbit crops. Therefore, cultivating cucumbers with high tartronic acid content holds significant health implications. In this study, we assessed the tartronic acid content in 52 cucumber germplasms with favorable overall traits and identified 8 cucumber germplasms with elevated tartronic acid levels. Our investigation into factors influencing cucumber tartronic acid revealed a decrease in content with fruit development from the day of flowering. Furthermore, tartronic acid content was higher in early-harvested fruits compared to late-harvested ones, with the rear part of the fruit exhibiting significantly higher content than other parts. Foliar spraying of microbial agents increased tartronic acid content by 84.4%. This study provides valuable resources for breeding high tartronic acid cucumbers and offers practical insights for optimizing cucumber production practices.
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Manganese-based cathodes are competitive candidates for state-of-the-art aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) because of their easy preparation method, sufficient nature reserve, and environmental friendliness. However, their poor cycle stability and low rate performance have prevented them from practical applications. In this study, Mn3O4 nanoparticles were formed in situ on the surface and between the interlayers of Ti3C2Tx MXene, which was pretreated by the intercalation of K+ ions. Ti3C2Tx MXene not only provides abundant active sites and high conductivity but also hinders the structural damage of Mn3O4 during charging and discharging. Benefiting from the well-designed K-Ti3C2@Mn3O4 structure, the battery equipped with the K-Ti3C2@Mn3O4 cathode achieved a maximum specific capacity of 312 mAh/g at a current density of 0.3 A/g and carried a specific capacity of approximately 120 mAh/g at a current density of 1 A/g, which remained stable for approximately 500 cycles. The performance surpasses that of most reported Mn3O4-based cathodes. This study pioneers a new approach for building better cathode materials for AZIBs.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by progressive respiratory difficulties. It has a high incidence and disability rate worldwide. However, currently there is still a lack of highly effective treatment methods for COPD, only symptom relief is possible. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new treatment options. Almost all cells can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which participate in many physiological activities by transporting cargoes and are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recently, many scholars have extensively studied the relationship between COPD and EVs, which has strongly demonstrated the significant impact of EVs from different sources on the occurrence and development of COPD. Therefore, EVs are a good starting point and new opportunity for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD. In this review, we mainly describe the current mechanisms of EVs in the pathogenesis of COPD, also the relationship between diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. At the same time, we also introduce some new methods for COPD therapy based on EVs. It is hoped that this article can provide new ideas for future research and contribute to the development of precision medicine.
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Vesículas Extracelulares , Medicina de Precisão , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/metabolismo , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , Humanos , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Animais , PrognósticoRESUMO
Reductions in Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and expression are often observed in the progress of various reason-induced heart failure (HF). However, NKA α1 mutation or knockdown cannot cause spontaneous heart disease. Whether the abnormal NKA α1 directly contributes to HF pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we challenge NKA α1+/- mice with isoproterenol to evaluate the role of NKA α1 haploinsufficiency in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac dysfunction. Genetic knockdown of NKA α1 accelerated ISO-induced cardiac cell hypertrophy, heart fibrosis, and dysfunction. Further studies revealed decreased Krebs cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial OXPHOS in the hearts of NKA α1+/- mice challenged with ISO. In ISO-treated conditions, inhibition of NKA elevated cytosolic Na+, further reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ via mNCE, and then finally down-regulated cardiac cell energy metabolism. In addition, a supplement of DRm217 alleviated ISO-induced heart dysfunction, mitigated cardiac remodeling, and improved cytosolic Na+ and Ca2+ elevation and mitochondrial Ca2+ depression in the NKA α1+/- mouse model. The findings suggest that targeting NKA and mitochondria Ca2+ could be a promising strategy in the treatment of heart disease.
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Insuficiência Cardíaca , Miócitos Cardíacos , Camundongos , Animais , Isoproterenol/metabolismo , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Insuficiência Cardíaca/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência Cardíaca/genética , Insuficiência Cardíaca/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/induzido quimicamente , Cardiomegalia/genética , Cardiomegalia/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The accuracy of screening tools may change with the prevalence and distribution of a disease in a population or sample: the "Spectrum Effect". METHODS: First, we selected commonly used screening tools and developed search strategies for the inclusion of original studies during the pandemic. Second, we searched PsycINFO, EMBASE, and MEDLINE from March 2020 to September 2022 to obtain original studies that investigated the accuracy of depression screening tools during the pandemic. We then searched these databases to identify meta-analyses summarizing the accuracy of these tools conducted before the pandemic and compared the optimal cut-offs for depression screening tools during the pandemic with those before. RESULT: Four original studies evaluating the optimal cut-offs for four screening tools (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-II], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression [HADS-D], Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9], and Geriatric Depression Scale-4 [GDS-4]) were published during the pandemic. Four meta-analyses summarizing these tools before the pandemic. We found that the optimal cut-off of BDI-II was 14 during the pandemic (23.8% depression prevalence, screening patients with Type 2 diabetes) and 14.5 before the pandemic (17.6% depression prevalence, screening psychiatric, primary care, and healthy populations); HADS-D was 10 during the pandemic (23.8% depression prevalence, screening patients with type 2 diabetes) and 7 before the pandemic (15.0% depression prevalence, screening medically ill patients); PHQ-9 was 11 during the pandemic (14.5% depression prevalence, screening university students) and 8 before the pandemic (10.9% depression prevalence, screening the unrestricted population), and GDS-4 was 1.8 during the pandemic (29.0% depression prevalence, screening adults seen in a memory clinic setting) and 3 before the pandemic (18.5% depression prevalence, screening older adults). CONCLUSION: The optimal cut-off for different screening tools may be sensitive to changes in study populations and reference standards. And potential spectrum effects that should be considered in post-COVID time which aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy.
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COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Idoso , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Programas de RastreamentoRESUMO
Better insights into the fate of membraneless organelles could strengthen the understanding of the transition from prebiotic components to multicellular organisms. Compartmentalized enzyme reactions in a synthetic coacervate have been investigated, yet there remains a gap in understanding the enzyme interactions with coacervate as a substrate hub. Here, we study how the molecularly crowded nature of the coacervate affects the interactions of the embedded substrate with a protease. We design oligopeptide-based coacervates that comprise an anionic Asp-peptide (D10) and a cationic Arg-peptide (R5R5) with a proteolytic cleavage site. The coacervates dissolve in the presence of the main protease (Mpro) implicated in the coronavirus lifecycle. We capitalize on the condensed structure, introduce a self-quenching mechanism, and model the enzyme kinetics by using Cy5.5-labeled peptides. The determined specificity constant (kcat/KM) is 5817 M-1 s-1 and is similar to that of the free substrate. We further show that the enzyme kinetics depend on the type and quantity of dye incorporated into the coacervates. Our work presents a simple design for enzyme-responsive coacervates and provides insights into the interactions between the enzyme and coacervates as a whole.
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Peptídeos , Proteínas , Peptídeos/química , Oligopeptídeos , Peptídeo HidrolasesRESUMO
In the process of removing dye wastewater, the membrane surface is susceptible to contamination, resulting in reduced performance and limited dye separation efficiency. A single hydrophilic modification layer is not enough to achieve effective separation of different types of dyes. The present research designed a "double layer protection" method in order to overcome the above deficiencies. A solution of dopamine (DA) coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-COOH) was covered on the surface of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane by deposition, followed by grafting a layer of chitosan (CS) polymer brushes on its surface. The spatial double layer structure provides an excellent barrier effect and effectively reduces the contamination of dyes. When filtering different types of dyes, effective filtration of anionic and cationic dyes through the electrostatic effect of the first layer, the adsorption of CNTs in the second layer and the hydration layer of both layers. All membranes have excellent rejection properties. More importantly, the membranes also had good chemical and mechanical stability and their serviceability was not degraded. Therefore, the prepared PVDF-based multi-layer composite membranes behave a potential application prospect in the wastewater purification field.
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Utilization of life-like hydrogels to replicate synergistic shape/color changeable behaviors of living organisms has been long envisaged to produce robust functional integrated soft actuators/robots. However, it remains challenging to construct such hydrogel systems with integrated functionality of remote, localized and environment-interactive control over synergistic discoloration/actuation. Herein, inspired by the evolution-optimized bioelectricity stimulus and multilayer structure of natural reptile skins, electronically innervated fluorescence-color switchable hydrogel actuating systems with bio-inspired multilayer structure comprising of responsive fluorescent hydrogel sheet and conductive Graphene/PDMS film with electrothermal effect is presented. Such rational structure enables remote control over synergistic fluorescence-color and shape changes of the systems via the cascading "electrical trigger-Joule heat generation-hydrogel shrinkage" mechanism. Consequently, local/sequential control of discoloration/actuation are achieved due to the highly controllable electrical stimulus in terms of amplitude and circuit design. Furthermore, by joint use with acoustic sensors, soft chameleon robots with unprecedented environment-interactive adaptation are demonstrated, which can intelligently sense environment signals to adjust their color/shape-changeable behaviors. This work opens previously unidentified avenues for functional integrated soft actuators/robots and will inspire life-like intelligent systems for versatile uses.
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Acústica , Hidrogéis , Fluorescência , Corantes , Condutividade ElétricaRESUMO
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) can cause various degrees of symptoms in the respiratory system, reproductive system, and whole body of cattle. It also can lead to persistent and latent infection in cattle, posing a challenge to timely control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in farms and causing large financial losses in the global cattle industry. Therefore, the goal of this study was to establish a rapid, simple, and accurate method that can detect IBRV in order to facilitate the control and eradication of IBR in cattle. We combined recombinant polymerase amplification (RPA) with a closed vertical flow visualization strip (VF) and established an RPA-VF assay that targets the thymidine kinase (TK) gene to rapidly detect IBRV. This method (reaction at 42°C for 25 min) was able to detect a minimum of 3.8 × 101 copies/µL of positive plasmid and 1.09 × 101 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of the IBRV. This assay has high specificity for IBRV and does not cross-react with other respiratory pathogens in cattle. The concordance between the RPA-VF assay and the gold standard was 100%. In addition, this assay was also suitable for the detection of DNA from clinical samples extracted by a simple method (heating at 95°C for 5 min), which can achieve the rapid detection of clinical samples in the field. Overall, the present sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability assessments indicated that the RPA-VF assay we developed can be utilized as a quick and accurate on-site test for IBRV detection in farms. IMPORTANCE IBRV causes different degrees of clinical symptoms in cattle and poses a great threat to the cattle industry. The infection is persistent and latent, and the elimination of IBRV in infected herds is difficult. A rapid, simple, and accurate method to detect IBRV is therefore vital to control and eradicate IBR. Combining RPA with an VF, we established an RPA-VF assay for the rapid detection of IBRV, which can complete the test of clinical samples in 35 min. The assay shows good sensitivity, specificity, and clinical applicability and can be used as an on-site test for IBRV in farms.
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Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina , Ácidos Nucleicos , Animais , Bovinos , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/genética , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina/diagnóstico , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina/genética , Genes Reporter , Plasmídeos , Recombinases/genéticaRESUMO
In the present work, self-cleaning membranes of ionic liquid-grafted poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polydopamine-coated TiO2 were prepared through a nonsolvent-induced phase separation method. PDA facilitates the uniform dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles in PVDF substrates; meanwhile, TiO2@PDA core-shell particles and the hydrophilic IL improve the hydrophilicity of PVDF membranes and contribute to the increased average pore size and porosity, significantly improving the pure water permeation flux and dye wastewater flux (the water flux increased to 385.9 Lm-2 h-1). In addition, the combined effect of the positively charged IL and the strongly viscous PDA shell layer enhanced the retention and adsorption of dyes so that the retention and adsorption rates of both anionic and cationic dyes were close to 100%. Notably, the hydrophilic PDA allowed more TiO2 to migrate to the membrane surface during the phase transition; on the other hand, dopamine could promote photodegradation. Therefore, the combined two factors for TiO2@PDA were beneficial to the ultraviolet-catalytic (UV-catalytic) degradation of dyes on the surface of the membrane, leading to >80% degradation rates of various dyes. Thus, the high-efficiency and easy-to-operate wastewater treatment technology provides attractive potential for dye removal and resolution of membrane contamination.
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Graphene aerogels (GAs) possess workable deformation and sensing properties at extreme temperatures. However, their poor tensile properties have restricted their applications in stretchable electronic devices, smart soft robots, and aerospace. Herein, an ultra-stretchable and elastic graphene aerogel with record elongation from -95% to 400% was achieved by constructing a highly crimped and crosslinked graphene network using a microbubble-filled GA precursor by a simple compress-annealing process. This conductive aerogel with near zero Poisson's ratio showed rubber-like but temperature-invariant elasticity from 196.5 °C to 300 °C, and special strain insensitivity from 50% to 400% tensile strain and high sensitivity below 50% tensile strain. Therefore, it can be used as a highly stretchable but strain-insensitive conductor under extreme environments, in which these polymer-based stretchable conductive materials are not workable. Moreover, this work provides new thoughts on constructing inorganic ultra-stretchable materials.
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Many living organisms have the superb structure-editing capacity for better adaptation in dynamic environments over the course of their life cycle. However, it's still challenging to replicate such natural structure-editing capacity into artificial hydrogel actuating systems for enhancing environment-interactive functions. Herein, we learn from the metamorphosis development of glowing octopus to construct proof-of-concept fluorescent hydrogel actuators with life-like structure-editing capacity by developing a universal stepwise inside-out growth strategy. These actuators could perform origami-like 3D shape deformation and also enable the postnatal growth of new structures to adapt additional actuating states for different visual information delivery by using different environment keys (e.g., temperature, pH). This study opens previously unidentified-avenues of bio-inspired hydrogel actuators/robotics and extends the potential uses for environment-interactive information encryption.
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Corantes , Hidrogéis , Hidrogéis/química , TemperaturaRESUMO
Aggregation-induced emissive fluorogens (AIEgens) are promising building blocks for fluorescent polymeric hydrogels (FPHs) because intense fluorescence intensities are usually guaranteed by spontaneous aggregates of hydrophobic AIEgens in a hydrophilic polymer network. However, most AIE-active FPHs are single-color fluorescent and cannot display tunable emission colors. Additionally, efforts to produce mechanically strong AIE-active hydrogels have been largely ignored, restricting their potential uses. Herein, we present the synthesis of an AIE-active methyl picolinate-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide monomer (MP-NI) for fabricating mechanical tough and multicolor FPHs. Owing to the introduction of bulky and coordinative methyl picolinate group, these specially designed MP-NI molecules were forced to adopt propeller-shaped conformation that renders them with intense aggregation-induced blue emission. Moreover, the MP-NI moieties grafted in a hydrogel matrix can sensitize red and green fluorescence of Eu3+and Tb3+ via antenna effect. Consequently, multicolor fluorescent hydrogels that sustain a high stress of 1 MPa were obtained by chemically introducing MP-NI moieties into dually cross-linked alginate polymer networks with high-density metal (Ca2+/Tb3+/Eu3+) coordination and hydrogen bonding crosslinks. Their capacity to enable the writing of arbitrary multicolor fluorescent patterns using Eu3+/Tb3+ as inks were finally demonstrated, suggesting their potential uses for smart display and information encryption.
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is an important gaseous signal molecule that regulates plant growth and stress resistance. However, research on the H2 S synthase (HSase) genes is still limited in the model legume plant Medicago truncatula Gaertn. In the present study, a total of 40 HSase family members were first identified and analyzed in the M. truncatula genome, and these genes distributed across eight chromosomes and were clustered into five groups (I-V) based on their conserved gene structures and protein motifs. Expression analysis revealed that the MtHSase genes were expressed in all the tested abiotic stresses, albeit with expression level differences. This study also showed that H2 S improves low temperature tolerance of alfalfa seedlings by regulating the antioxidant defense system and enhancing photosynthetic capacity. Thus, the study provides new insights into how the H2 S signal regulates tolerance to low-temperature stress and provides the basis for further gene function and detection.
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Sulfeto de Hidrogênio , Medicago truncatula , Medicago sativa/genética , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Temperatura , Plantas/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Medicago truncatula/genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
A spinal cord injury interrupts pathways from the brain and brainstem that project to the lumbar spinal cord, leading to paralysis. Here we show that spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the lumbar spinal cord1-3 applied during neurorehabilitation4,5 (EESREHAB) restored walking in nine individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. This recovery involved a reduction in neuronal activity in the lumbar spinal cord of humans during walking. We hypothesized that this unexpected reduction reflects activity-dependent selection of specific neuronal subpopulations that become essential for a patient to walk after spinal cord injury. To identify these putative neurons, we modelled the technological and therapeutic features underlying EESREHAB in mice. We applied single-nucleus RNA sequencing6-9 and spatial transcriptomics10,11 to the spinal cords of these mice to chart a spatially resolved molecular atlas of recovery from paralysis. We then employed cell type12,13 and spatial prioritization to identify the neurons involved in the recovery of walking. A single population of excitatory interneurons nested within intermediate laminae emerged. Although these neurons are not required for walking before spinal cord injury, we demonstrate that they are essential for the recovery of walking with EES following spinal cord injury. Augmenting the activity of these neurons phenocopied the recovery of walking enabled by EESREHAB, whereas ablating them prevented the recovery of walking that occurs spontaneously after moderate spinal cord injury. We thus identified a recovery-organizing neuronal subpopulation that is necessary and sufficient to regain walking after paralysis. Moreover, our methodology establishes a framework for using molecular cartography to identify the neurons that produce complex behaviours.