[Discussion on the relationship between yuan-source points of yang meridians and diseases of fu- organs].

Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor 's Canon of Medicine) establishes the theory that yuan-source points are indicated in zangfu diseases. However, compared with the yuan-source points of yin meridians for the treatment of zang-organ diseases, there is less attention to the indication of yuan-source points of yang meridians for fu-organ diseases, and this statement is even questioned. Collating the early literature and associating with the researches of medical experts, it is found that Nanjing (Classic of Difficult Questions) should be the theoretic origin that yuan-source points of yang meridians are indicated in fu-organ diseases. Regarding the reasons why this theory has not received clinical attention, the three aspects are involved, i.e. the theoretic completion of "he-sea points of three-foot-yang meridians for the diseases of six fu-organs", the limitation of the theory itself, and the lack of literature materials. It is proposed that the exploration on this theory should be deepened in views of the essence of yuan-source points relevant with the characteristic of the wrist-ankle pulse palpation region, acupoint combination, modern technology, etc.

A comparative study on marma and acupoints.

Marma is an important component of Ayurveda. It was recorded in Susruta Samhita that there were 107 marma points in human body, which located at the anatomical site where muscles, veins, ligaments, bones and joints meet together and were regarded as seats of life energy. While acupoints in Traditional Chinese Medicine is defined as having the similar position as marma points, and also the function of regulating vital energy, these body points have been constantly combined with acupuncture technique, which encouraged doctors to stimulate applicable acupoints in order to relief pain and treat diseases. Given the similarity of their location and regulation of vital energy, this paper further conducted a systematic comparison of their origins, general features and clinical applications based on literature of Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. The results indicated that the main difference existed in their origin, with marma from the battlefield culture of ancient India and acupoints from medical experience of ancient Chinese. In general features, they showed diverse characteristics of medical theories through classified methods. As for clinical applications, acupoints have always been closely related to medical science in the whole progression, yet marma points were gradually endowed with medical functions. Overall, these body points appeared independently and conveyed the different body views bred by two civilizations. Through cross-region comparison, people's understanding of each traditional medicine and cultural connotation behind it could be deepened, which assisted to achieve the cooperation and innovation of traditional medicine.

NH2-MIL-53(Al) Polymer Monolithic Column for In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with UHPLC-MS/MS for Detection of Trace Sulfonamides in Food Samples.

In this study, a novel monolithic capillary column based on a NH2-MIL-53(Al) metal-organic framework (MOF) incorporated in poly (3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid/methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly (AAPBA/MAA-co-EGDMA)) was prepared using an in situ polymerization method. The characteristics of the MOF-polymer monolithic column were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The prepared MOF-polymer monolithic column showed good permeability, high extraction efficiency, chemical stability, and good reproducibility. The MOF-polymer monolithic column was used for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to efficiently adsorb trace sulfonamides from food samples. A novel method combining MOF-polymer-monolithic-column-based SPME with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was successfully developed. The linear range was from 0.015 to 25.0 µg/L, with low limits of detection of 1.3-4.7 ng/L and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of < 6.1%. Eight trace sulfonamides in fish and chicken samples were determined, with recoveries of the eight analytes ranging from 85.7% to 113% and acceptable RSDs of < 7.3%. These results demonstrate that the novel MOF-polymer-monolithic-column-based SPME coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS is a highly sensitive, practical, and convenient method for monitoring trace sulfonamides in food samples previously extracted with an adequate solvent.

Self-Supported, Sulfate-Functionalized Nickel Hydroxide Nanoplates with Enhanced Wettability and Conductivity for Use in High-Performance Supercapacitors.

Nickel hydroxide is promising for use in supercapacitor applications because of its low cost and tunable electrochemical properties, but its performance is usually restricted by insufficient conductivity and surface reactivity. In this work, sulfate-functionalized Ni(OH)2 (SNO) nanoplates were grown in situ on nickel foam (NF) by a green and facile one-step hydrothermal treatment of NF without the need for an external Ni source or surfactant addition. The resulting material showed a 9.3 times higher areal capacity and 1.8 times higher rate capability than the sulfate-free control and retained 81.3 % capacity after 5000 cycles. If used as the positive electrode in a hybrid supercapacitor, the SNO/NF//activated carbon system achieved >95 % Coulombic efficiency, a maximum energy density of 3.59 Wh m-2 , and a maximum power density of 44.63 Wm-2 , which surpass those achievable by most known Ni-based supercapacitors. Detailed material characterization and DFT calculations revealed that the introduction of sulfate expanded the layer spacing of Ni(OH)2 and improved the electrical conductivity and wettability to favor more efficient electrolyte diffusion, charge transfer, and reactant adsorption. The high loading of reactive components and inherited porous structure also contributed to the superior capacitive performance of the SNO/NF electrodes. Therefore, SNO/NF holds great potential for commercialized supercapacitor applications.

Clinical analysis of spontaneous pregnancy reduction in the patients with multiple pregnancies undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the spontaneous pregnancy reduction (SPR) rate, SPR-related factors and the effects of SPR on pregnancy outcomes in the patients with multiple pregnancies undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2010, 3957 patients undergoing fresh/frozen-thawed cycles (IVF/ICSI-ET) and their 5106 neonates were enrolled in this study. According to spontaneous pregnancy reduction (SPR), this study included singleton originating from twins [(2→1) group] or from triplets [(3→1) group], and twins originating from triplets [(3→2) group]. According to SPR time, this study included ≤8 week, 8-18 week and ≥18 week's groups. Outcome measures were SPR rate, preterm rate, mean birth weight and the rates of low birth weight and very low birth weight. RESULTS: SPR rate was higher in triplets group than in twins group, in frozen-thawed cycles than in fresh cycles, in the patients ≥35 years than in the patients <35 years (all P<0.05). Compared with ≤8 week group, preterm rate was significantly increased in 8-18 week group (P<0.05). Pregnancy outcomes were better in (2→1) group than in twins group, in (3→1) group than in triplets group (all P<0.05). After multi-fetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR), the mean birth weight was higher and low birth weight was lower in SPR group than in only MFPR group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: SPR rate is related to age and the initial number of gestational sacs. Both SPR and MFPR can improve pregnancy outcomes. The later the SPR occurs, the worse the neonatal outcomes are. Due to the possibility of SPR, it is necessary to appropriately delay MFPR until 8 gestational weeks.

[Compilation of Yan ke zheng zong yuan ji qi wei (Orthodox Ophthalmology: Revealing the Mystery of Eye Disease) and its academic achievements].

As an ophthalmic monograph compiled to systemize and elaborate the Yuan ji qi wei (Revealing the Mystery of Eye Disease) written to explore the gist of the original author, a valuable edition of the original Yuan ji qi wei. SHI Shi-de made reviews and comments to each eye disease included in the first volume of Yuan ji qi wei, followed by the rhymes on the etiology, manifestations, treatment and prescriptions written by his son SHI Guang, and rearranged and systemized the whole text made by his little brother SHI Shi-qi for better memory and popularization. He stressed the significant position of Yuan ji qi wei. The achievements of the Yan ke zheng zong yuan ji qi wei can be summarized into 4 points: the "18 disease" of eye disease is the guidelines for the differential diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases; Shi's annotation developed the essence of Ni's theory; SHI Guang's rhymes facilitated the spread of Ni's theory; the "hints for prescription" being the standards for the treatment of eye disease.

[Review of centennial development of Qigong].

The history of development of Qigong in China in the past century could be divided into five stages: the stagnation stage in the Republic of China period, the rapid development stage before the Cultural Revolution, the low-ebb stage during the Cultural Revolution period, the uneven development period of the last 20 years of the 20(th) century and the 'strengthening the merits and eliminating the weaknesses' period in the 21(st) century. The basic meaning of Qigong is strengthening health, preventing and treating disease by regulating the mind, the breath and the body under the guidance of scientific theory. We should give full recognition towards Qigong but not exaggeration. The popularization, management and research of Qigong should be scientific, reasonable and rigorous.

[One stage treatment of infected tibial defects combined with skin defects with Ilizarov technique].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effectiveness of Ilizarov technique in treatment of infected tibial defects combined with overlaying skin defects. METHODS: Twenty-one cases with infected tibial defects combined with skin defects were treated between 2001 and 2008 includeing 18 males and 3 females with an average age of 31 years ranging from 19 to 43 years. The length of bone defect ranged from 3 to 13 cm (means 6 cm). Skin defect area was from 3 cm x 3 cm to 6 cm x 10 cm; 11 cases combined with drop foot, 5 cases with arthrocleisis of knee. Preoperative X-ray of the affected limb was performed and zone of skin necrosis was marked, then the point and length of osteotomized bone, and scope of bone and soft tissue need for removing were determined. The internal fixation were removed. Opening irrigation, vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), and dressing changing were appllied. The skin was fixed with Kirschner wire and bone was transferred with Ilizarov technique in all patients. The lengthening of bone and skin was carried out for 4 to 7 days after surgery, 1/6 to 1/4 mm once, 4 to 6 times a day. The clinical effectiveness was determined mainly through wound and lengthening of skin. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for from 6 to 62 months (means 49.5 months). Fourteen of 21 cases received one stage treatment, there was still secretion from end of bone in 3 patients whose bone healed after debridement, the other 4 patients were cured via trimming end of bone and compression fusion. The defects of bone were extended to full length in 18 patients. Abutting end was slightly absorbed and became rattailed in 2 cases, there was lack of blood supply to abutting ends in one patient who was cured via bone graft from iliac bone. Skin defects was cured in 18 patients with one stage treatment, the other 3 patients were cured after infection was controlled. The deformity of drop foot were corrected in 11 patients, and function of knee was improved in five patients. The external fixator was removed at 1.2 to 2.6 years after surgery. At last, bone infections were cured, defects of bone and skin recovered in all patients. CONCLUSION: One stage treatment of infected tibial defects combined with skin defects using Ilizarov technique has minimal invasion with less complex surgeries, could reduce the time and expense of treatment.