Effect of Comprehensive Nursing on Pain Relief, Comfort and Burden of Family Care of Infantile Anal Fistula.

Objective: To explore the effect of comprehensive nursing on pain relief, comfort and burden of family care of infantile anal fistula. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. A total of 106 cases of children with anal fistula from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected and divided into observation group and control group, there were 53 cases in each group. The control group were underwent with routine nursing intervention. The observation group were underwent with video health education, peer support, music relaxation training, physiotherapy and auricular point pressing on the basis of routine nursing therapy and other measures (comprehensive nursing). The wound healing time, comfort score, complication rate and family care burden of two groups were compared. Results: After intervention, the scores of pain degree in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (4.02 ± 0.85 vs 5.89 ± 2.36, p < 0.05), and the scores of comfort degree in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (70.23 ± 5.98 vs 46.88 ± 5.23, p < 0.05). After intervention, the wound healing time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group (3.98 ± 0.63 vs 5.77 ± 1.02, p < 0.05), and the crying times of the observation group were less than that of the control group (1.22 ± 0.26 vs 4.02 ± 0.48, p < 0.05). After intervention, the total scores of family members' care load in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (37.26 ± 4.78 vs 55.99 ± 5.02, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing can effectively promote wound healing in infantile anal fistula, reduce pain, prompt children's comfort, reduce the number of children crying, and reduce the burden of care for children's families.

Dimeric diarylheptanoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Zingiber officinale.

Two previously undescribed chain diarylheptanoid derivatives (2-3), five previously undescribed dimeric diarylheptanoids (4-8), together with one known cyclic diarylheptanoid (1) were isolated from Zingiber officinale. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses (HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR) and ECD calculations. Biological evaluation of compounds 1-8 revealed that compounds 2, 3 and 4 could inhibit nitrite oxide and IL-6 production in lipopolysaccharide induced RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Unusual acetylated flavonol glucuronides, oxyphyllvonides A-H with renoprotective activities from the fruits of Alpinae oxyphylla.

As a widely consumed spice and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Alpinae oxyphylla has been used to treat conditions such as diarrhea, ulcers, dementia, and enuresis. Fruits of A. oxyphylla were phytochemically studied and the bioactive constituents against renal fibrosis were identified. Eight previously undescribed acetylated flavonol glucuronides named oxyphyllvonides A-H (1-7 and 10), two known acetylated flavonol glucuronides (8 and 9), together with seven known flavone glycosides (11-17) were isolated from the fruits of A. oxyphylla. Among them, flavonol glucuronides were discovered in Zingiberaceae for the first time. The planar structures of 1-7 and 10 were determined using HRESIMS and extensive spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR). The absolute configurations of the sugar moiety in these compounds were determined by using LC-MS analysis of acid-hydrolyzed derivatized monosaccharides. Biological evaluation showed that 7-10, 13, 14, 16 and 17 inhibit renal fibrosis in TGF-ß1-induced kidney proximal tubular cells. In addition, 7, 8 and 14 were superior to nootkatone in inhibiting Fibronectin expression. The finding has significant relevance to our ongoing research on the anti-renal fibrosis activity of A. oxyphylla.

Two new ß-carboline alkaloids from the roots of Anemone altaica.

Two new ß-carboline alkaloids, anemonilins A and B (1-2), and two known ß-carboline alkaloids, flazine (3) and 4-(9H-ß-carbolin-l-yl)-4-oxo-butyric acid (4), were isolated from the roots of Anemone altaica. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated with spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (1D and 2DNMR, HRESIMS). Compounds 2 and 4 significantly attenuated the growth inhibition induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in normal rat kidney tubule epithelioid (NRK52e) cells (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Furthermore, compound 2 significantly reduced the apoptosis (p < 0.05) and the caspase-3/9 expression of NRK52e cells induced by LPS.

Seven diterpenoids from the resin of Pinus yunnanensis Franch and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Phytochemical investigation of the 95% ethanol extract from Pinus yunnanensis Franch resin induced the isolation of six previously unreported diterpenoids pinuyunnanacids K - N, P - Q, a nor-diterpenoid with a novel skeleton pinuyunnanacid O and six known analogues. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and computational methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, calculated NMR chemical shifts method and electronic circular dichroic (ECD) spectra. All the compounds were analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity through western blotting and cell viability, compounds 2, 10 and 12 significantly downregulated the protein expression of iNOS at the concentration of 40 µM. At the same time, compounds 10 and 12 decreased the expression of COX-2 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 (leukemia cells in mouse macrophage) cells at the concentration of 40 µM.

Diverse undescribed compounds from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. And their anti-inflammatory activity.

Seven undescribed compounds, including a sesquiterpenoid derivative, a γ-lactone, four gingerols, and a dihydroferulic acid lactate were isolated from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, and named gingerterpenoid G, gingerlactone A, zingibergingerols A-D and L-dihydroferulic acid lactate, respectively. Zingibergingerols (±)-B and (±)-C were two pairs of enantiomers. The structures of all compounds were determined by 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental and theoretically calculated ECD curves or X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Bioassay showed that gingerterpenoid G, gingerlactone A, and zingibergingerols A and B exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in the model of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.

Five new compounds from Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and their anti-apoptotic activity.

Five new compounds, named gingerol A (1a and 1b), gingerol B (2), diphenylheptane glycoside A (3) and diphenylheptane glycoside B (4), were isolated from the acetone extract of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Compounds 2-4 could significantly decrease the apoptosis rate and increase the survival rate of human normal lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) at the concentration of 10 µM.

Analysis on Early and Late Operation Results and Risk Factors of Elderly Acute Type-A Aortic Dissection.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the early and late operation results and risk factors of elderly acute type-A aortic dissection. METHODS: The regression analysis was conducted on the data of patients diagnosed with acute type-A aortic dissection in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020, and a total of 98 patients aged over 70 years were included in the study. The patients were listed into the early operation group (a total of 51 patients operated within 3 days after admission) and the late operation group (a total of 47 patients operated within 10 days after admission) according to the time of operation. The operation results, postoperative complications and death were compared between the two groups, and the prognosis risk factors were analyzed through Logistic multi-factor regression. RESULTS: The operative time, aortic obstruction time and extracorporeal circulation time of the late operation group were all higher than those in the early operation group (p <0.05). The postoperative complications and mortality in the late operation group (12.77%) were higher than those in the early operation group (3.92%) (p < 0.05). The Logistic multi-factor regression showed that late operation (p=0.005, OR=4.213, 95% CI=1.567~11.201), postoperative acute renal insufficiency (p=0.028, OR=3.281, 95% CI=0.937~10.283), and postoperative pulmonary infection (p=0.033, OR=1.421, 95% CI=0.417~8.329) were risk factors affecting postoperative mortality (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: The early operation can effectively reduce the postoperative complications of elderly acute type-A aortic dissection, so early operation should be performed according to the conditions of patients and hospital.

[Mechanism of Cyathulae Radix in treatment of knee osteoarthritis based on metabolomics].

Metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed to analyze the effect of Cyathulae Radix on serum and urine in rats with knee osteoarthritis, and to decipher the mechanism of Cyathulae Radix in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. SD rats were randomized into a normal group, a model group, a positive drug group, and a Cyathulae Radix group. The knee osteoarthritis model was established by injecting 2% pa-pain and 0.03 mol·L~(-1) cysteine, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3) in the model group was measured to preliminarily evaluate the therapeutic effect of Cyathulae Radix on knee osteoarthritis. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to establish the metabolic profile of endogenous small molecule metabolites in the four groups. Potential biomarkers were screened out by multivariate analysis methods such as partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) in combination with t-test, variable importance for projection(VIP), and fold-change. The related metabolic pathways were enriched with the help of MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The results showed that Cyathulae Radix alleviated the general signs of rats with knee osteoarthritis, and reduced the levels of TNF-α and MMP-3 in the rat serum. Twenty-eight differential metabolites that might be associated with the therapeutic effect of Cyathulae Radix were screened out from serum and urine. They were mainly involved in arginine biosynthesis, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, riboflavin metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. Through metabonomics analysis, this study predicted the possible mechanism of Cyathulae Radix in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, which laid a foundation for further research.

Diterpenes from Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis (A.Chev.) Gaussen ex Bui (Pinaceae) and their protective effects in LPS-treated BEAS-2B cells.

Eight previously undescribed diterpenoids, rosins A-H, and nine known diterpenoids were isolated from the resin from Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis (A.Chev.) Gaussen ex Bui (Pinaceae) extracted with 95% ethanol. Their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, J-based configuration analysis (JBCA), NOESY spectra, calculated NMR chemical shifts and electronic circular dichroic (ECD) spectra. All compounds were evaluated for their protective effects in LPS-treated human normal lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), and the cell viability was significantly increased after treatment with compounds 5, 10, 12, or 15 at a concentration of 10 µM.

Diarylheptanoid glycosides from Zingiber officinale peel and their anti-apoptotic activity.

Four new diarylheptanoid glycosides (1-4), (1S,3R,5S)-2-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-tetrahydropyran-4-ol-4'-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1), (1S,3R,5S)-2-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]-tetrahydropyran-4-ol-4'-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (2), (1S,3R,5S)-2-(4-hydroxy- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-tetrahydropyran-4-ol-4'-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (3), and (1R,3R,5R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)- 6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-tetrahydropyran-4-ol-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the 50% ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale peel. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by HR-ESI-MS and extensive spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR). Compounds 1-4 significantly increased the survival rate of human normal lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the concentration of 10 µM.

[A new monoterpene ester from Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens].

Five monoterpenoid compounds(1-5) were isolated and purified from the acetone fraction of the aqueous extract of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens by MCI, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC, and TLC. Their structures were identified with multiple spectroscopical methods including 1 D-NMR, 2 D-NMR, and MS. The five compounds were identified as(2E,6Z)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl-(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acrylate(1),(2E,6E)-8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-die-noic acid(2),(E)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenoic acid(3), linalyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside(4), and ß-D-glucopyranoside-(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(5), respectively.Compound 1 was a new monoterpene ester, and compounds 4-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Analysis of Correlation between Interval Time of Chemotherapy and Prognosis in Patients with Acute Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between average interval time of chemotherapy and prognosis in patients with acute leukemia (AL) during intensive treatment. METHODS: Data of 92 newly treated adult AL patients who received chemotherapy in The First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2010 to June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into groups according to the average interval time of chemotherapy during intensive treatment, and its influence on prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS: The median interval of chemotherapy during intensive therapy was 38 (20-64) days. According to the average interval of chemotherapy, patients were divided into 4 groups, including < 30 days group, 30-39 days group, 40-49 days group and ≥ 50 days group. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of the four groups was (84.9±8.0)%, (73.5±8.7)%, (56.5±11.1)% and (41.8±13.6)%, respectively (P=0.008). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of the four groups was (63.6±11.1)%, (52.8±10.2)%, (38.2±10.8)% and (14.0±9.0)%, respectively (P=0.001). After comparison between the 4 groups, it was found that OS and PFS in ≥ 50 days group were significantly shorter than those in < 30 days group (P<0.008). Multivariate analysis showed that risk stratification and average chemotherapy interval ≥ 50 days were the common adverse factors affecting OS and PFS. CONCLUSION: The average chemotherapy interval ≥ 50 days during intensive therapy is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis and survival of patients with AL. When the bone marrow is completely relieved and the peripheral hemogram recovers to an acceptable level, the consolidation therapy should be started as soon as possible. The interval < 30 days can significantly improve the prognosis compared with the interval ≥ 50 days.

[Regulation Effect of Myeloid Leukemia No.1 Chinese Herb Medicine Prescription Combined with Chemotherapy on Th17 Cells in Bone Marrow of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulation effect of myeloid leukemia No.1 Chinese herb medicine prescription combined with chemotherapy on Th17 cells in bone marrow fluid of AML patients, so as to provide guidance for improving AML treatment effect and patients' long-term survival. METHODS: Seventy patients with AML who were hospitalized in Department of Hematology, Wuwei People's Hospital from April 2017 to August 2019 were selected and enrolled in AML group, 25 healthy volunteers were selected and enrolled in control group; then according to therapeutic regimen, AML patients were divided into 2 groups: combined therapy group (myeloid leukemia NO.1 Chinese herb medicine prescription combined with chemotherapy) and non-combined therapy group (chemotherapy alone). Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio of CD3+ CD161+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ T cells in bone marrow fluid, and ELISA was used to detect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) concentrations in bone marrow fluid. Statistical analysis was performed on the data with SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: The ratio of CD3+ CD161+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ T cells, VEGF and IL-17 concentration in newly diagnosed and relapsed AML patients were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P<0.001); while those in CR and DFS stage patients were significantly lower than those in newly diagnosed and relapsed patients (P<0.001), and the ratio of CD3+ CD161+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ T cells, VEGF and IL-17 concentration in DFS patients with AML were not significantly different from those in the control group (P>0.05). The ratio of CD3+ CD161+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ T cells, VEGF and IL-17 concentration in CR stage of AML patients treated with chemotherapy alone were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between combined therapy group and the control group; the ratio of CD3+ CD161+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ T cells, the concentration of VEGF and IL-17 in CR stage of AML patients treated with chemotherapy alone were higher than those of patients treated with combined therapy regimen (P<0.05). AML patients treated with combined therapy regimen had a significantly higher complete remission rate compared with patients received chemotherapy alone (P<0.05), but the recurrence rate was significantly lower (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Th17 cells expression in bone marrow of newly diagnoses and relapsed AML patients significantly increase, and decrease significantly after treatment. Myeloid leukemia No.1 Chinese herb prescription combined with chemotherapy can significantly increase the CR rate and reduce the RL rate for AML.

[High Expression of Bone Marrow VEGF in Patients with Acute Leukemia and Its Correlation with Prognosis].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone marrow of patients with non-M3 acute leukemia (AL), and estimate its relationship with prognosis. METHODS: From January 2016 to December 2019, 114 patients with AL in department of Hematology, Wuwei People's Hospital were selected as study group, and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. The concentration of VEGF in bone marrow was detected by ELISA. The patients were divided into high and low concentration group according to the level of VEGF. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were compared among different groups. RESULTS: The level of VEGF in patients with AL was significantly higher than that in the control group. The median OS and EFS in the low concentration group was 34.5 and 32 months, respectively, while, in the high concentration group was 30 and 26 months, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P=0.010). There were significant differences in OS rate (P=0.035) and EFS rate (P=0.026) between low and high concentration group. Multivariate analysis showed that high VEGF concentration was an independent risk factor affecting OS (HR=2.619, 95%CI 1.070-6.406, P=0.035) and EFS (HR=2.221, 95%CI 1.074-4.552, P=0.031) in AL patients. CONCLUSION: VEGF highly expresses in the bone marrow of patients with AL at initial diagnosis and relapse, and shows adverse effects on the prognosis.

Chinese herbal medicine Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-decoction for knee osteoarthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: As a classic prescription for treating knee osteoarthritis, Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-decoction has been widely recognized for its clinical efficacy. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-decoction in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: The following databases will be searched from January 2011 to December 2020: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Medical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and Wanfang Database. Statistical analysis will be processed by RevMan V.5.3 software. RESULTS: This study will provide an assessment of the current state of DHJSD in the treatment of KOA, aiming to show the efficacy and safety of DHJSD. CONCLUSION: This study will provide evidence to judge whether DHJSD is an effective intervention for KOA.

LncPVT1 promotes cartilage degradation in diabetic OA mice by downregulating miR-146a and activating TGF-ß/SMAD4 signaling.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the role of LncRNA PVT1 (plasmacytoma variant translocation 1) in hyperglycemia-triggered cartilage damage using the diabetic osteoarthritis (OA) mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce mouse diabetes. Knee OA model was induced through transection of anterior cruciate ligament (ACLT). Severity of arthritis was assessed histologically by Safranin O-Fast Green Staining using Mankin Scores. LncRNA PVT1 and miR-146a were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cartilage tissue. Moreover, the interaction among PVT1, miR-146a, and SMAD4 was examined by luciferase reporter assays. Mice were injected intra-articularly with ad-siRNA-PVT1 and ad-siRNA scramble control. Articular concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and TGF-ß1 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of type II Collagen (COL2A1), TGF-ß1, p-SMAD2, SMAD2, p-SMAD3, SMAD3, SMAD4 and nuclear SMAD4 were detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS: PVT1 expression was significantly increased, whereas miR-146a was markedly decreased in diabetic OA mice than in non-diabetic OA and control. Increased PVT1 expression in diabetic OA mice was significantly associated with Mankin score and reduced miR-146a as well as Collagen alpha-1(II) (COL2A1) expressions. In vivo, intra-articular injection of ad-siRNA-PVT1 efficiently increased miR-146a and COL2A1 expressions, alleviated joint inflammation, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and suppressed TGF-ß/SMAD4 pathway in diabetic OA mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate LncRNA PVT1 is involved in cartilage degradation in diabetic OA and correlated with disease severity. Efficiency of ad-siRNA-PVT1 in controlling joint inflammation in diabetic OA mice is associated with the suppression of the expression of miR-146a, pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of TGF-ß/SMAD4 pathway.

Qualitative analysis on chemical constituents from different polarity extracted fractions of the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry.

RATIONALE: Ginger pulp is the dried rhizome scraped off the skin which originates from Zingiber officinale Rosc., a Zingiberaceae plant. Ginger peel is the dried rhizome skin of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). The present work aims to investigate the different chemical constituents that are related to the medicinal properties of the ginger pulp and ginger peel. METHODS: A rapid ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-QTOF/MS) method was developed for qualitative analysis of the constituents in different polarity extracted fractions of the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes. RESULTS: A total of 83 compounds were identified from the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes, including 36 diarylheptanoids, 25 gingerols and 22 other compounds. Nine of these were new compounds. In total, 46, 27, 65 and 51 compounds were identified from the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of the ginger pulp, respectively, and 60, 30, 70 and 62 compounds were identified from the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions of the ginger peel, respectively. Each identified compound is marked on the corresponding chromatogram. CONCLUSIONS: The integrated method is sensitive and reliable for searching the different chemical constituents from different polarity extracted fractions of the ginger pulp and ginger peel. This work may provide a significant contribution to research into the medicinal properties of the ginger pulp and ginger peel.

Transcriptome analysis revealed changes of multiple genes involved in muscle hardness in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed with faba bean meal.

An 8-week feeding trial and transcriptome analysis were conducted to investigate the potential mechanism of muscle-hardening caused by faba bean in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Ordinary grass carp (fed with practical diet) and crisp grass carp (fed with faba bean meal) groups were designed. Lower water holding capacity and higher some texture parameters were observed in the muscle of crisp grass carp compared with another group. 19.62 GB clean reads were generated, and total 1354 genes exhibiting differentially expression were identified (FDR < 0.05). Genes function enrichment revealed up-regulated genes in crisp grass carp mainly in response to myofibroblast proliferation, while down-regulated genes in response to immune regulation. Consistent with this, the tight junction pathway and the NF-κB signaling pathway were likewise significantly enriched. In summary, this study identified several candidate genes and putative signaling pathways deserving further investigation to the mechanism of muscle-hardening in fish fed with faba bean.

Four new diarylheptanoids from Rhizoma Zingiberis.

Four new diarylheptanoids, (1S, 3R, 5R, 6R)-1, 5-epoxy-3, 6 dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) heptane (1), (1R, 3R, 5S)-1, 5-epoxy-3-acetoxy-1-(4, 5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(3, 4- hydroxyphenyl) heptane (2), (3R, 5S, 6R, 7S)-3, 6-epoxy-7-hydroxyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane (3), (E)-3-keto-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4, 5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4- heptene (4), were isolated from Rhizoma Zingiberis, and their structures were determined based on HR-ESI-MS and extensive spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR). Compounds 1-4 exhibited no cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines.