High-speed 0.22 THz communication system with 84 Gbps for real-time uncompressed 8K video transmission of live events.

Terahertz frequency band (0.1 ~ 10 THz) can provide ultra-high transmitting rates for massive emerging applications. However, due to the radio frequency impairments and limited signal processing property of baseband devices, it is difficult for the current terahertz communication systems to be used in real applications. In this work, we report a 0.22 THz communication system, which can provide 84 Gbps air interface rate over 1.26 kilometers distance. Such a system is underpinned by three breakthroughs, namely, integrating the reported terahertz wireless communication system, redesigning the signal processing in baseband devices, and increasing the cut-off frequency and transmitting power of radio frequency component by parameter optimizing. Being applied to realize the real-time transmission of the uncompressed 8K ultra high-definition video in the 31st International University Sports Federation in Chengdu, China, this work is a leaping advancement to enable terahertz systems from experiment to promising applications.

Thermal Metamaterials with Configurable Mechanical Properties.

Thermal metamaterials are typically achieved by mixing different natural materials to realize effective thermal conductivities (ETCs) that conventional materials do not possess. However, the necessity for multifunctional design of metamaterials, encompassing both thermal and mechanical functionalities, is somewhat overlooked, resulting in the fixation of mechanical properties in thermal metamaterials designed within current research endeavors. Thus far, conventional methods have faced challenges in designing thermal metamaterials with configurable mechanical properties because of intricate inherent relationships among the structural configuration, thermal and mechanical properties in metamaterials. Here, a data-driven approach is proposed to design a thermal metamaterial capable of seamlessly achieving thermal functionalities and harnessing the advantages of microstructural diversity to configure its mechanical properties. The designed metamaterial possesses thermal cloaking functionality while exhibiting exceptional mechanical properties, such as load-bearing capacity, shearing strength, and tensile resistance, thereby affording mechanical protection for the thermal metadevice. The proposed approach can generate numerous distinct inverse design candidate topological functional cells (TFCs), designing thermal metamaterials with dramatic improvements in mechanical properties compared to traditional ones, which sets up a novel paradigm for discovering thermal metamaterials with extraordinary mechanical structures. Furthermore, this approach also paves the way for investigating thermal metamaterials with additional physical properties.

Protective Effect of Modified Ginseng Baidu Powder Prophylactic Administration on LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice.

Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Modified Ginseng Baidu Powder (referred to as Baidu Powder) was used for respiratory system diseases caused by colds. To study the effect of Baidu Powder on protecting ARDS mice model and its underlying active ingredients and targets intervening in COVID-19. The optimal LPS concentration was selected for the induction of mouse ARDS model, and the protective effect of Baidu Powder prophylactic administration on LPS-induced ARDS mouse models was explored by mouse survival time analysis, lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, pathological staining, and inflammatory factor detection. On the basis of pharmacodynamics, the network pharmacological analysis was used for target prediction for future mechanism study. 5 mg/kg LPS was selected for the construction of a mouse ARDS model, based on a mortality rate of 87% and the lung W/D ratio of 5.29 ± 0.23. Prophylactic administration of Baidu Powder at 125 g/L significantly reduced death, lung damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) caused by LPS-induced ARDS. The results of network pharmacological analysis showed that 42 target genes of Baidu Powder intervening in COVID-19 were involved in 30 biological processes related to COVID-19 and inflammation, and 11 signaling pathways related to lung diseases or inflammation. 5 mg/kg LPS can successfully establish a mice ARDS disease model; 125 g/L Baidu Powder prophylactic administration does not have toxicity and has a certain effect on protecting ARDS mouse models induced by LPS. Baidu Powder may intervene COVID-19-induced ARDS through multiple targets.

Carrimycin, as One of the Drugs in Combination Therapy, for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Infection.

Purpose: Infection with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a tough nut to crack. Carrimycin is a novel recombinant macrolide antibiotic, and has good anti-infection effects in vivo. At present, it is rarely reported for treatment of CRAB infection. We present a case where a patient with COVID-19 complicated by CRAB infection was successfully treated with a combination therapy including carrimycin, offering clinical insights and experience. Patients and Methods: The patient infected with CRAB was cured by carrimycin combined with tigecycline and amikacin ultimately. We analyzed and summarized the therapeutic regimen and disease feature to provide reference for clinical treatment. Results: The patient was admitted to emergency observation wards with fever and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. During the treatment, his condition worsened. He had a fever, cough, and expectoration. After 3 days of empirical treatment with meropenem, tested positive for A. baumannii infection by the next-generation sequencing, and CRAB was detected in blood and sputum culture. Then, he was administered with tigecycline and amikacin immediately for 5 days, however the therapeutic effect was not significant. The patient still remained in a high inflammatory response. Ultimately, the treatment regimen was changed to carrimycin combined with tigecycline and amikacin for 7 days, and then carrimycin combined with tigecycline for 10 days, the patient's clinical condition gradually improved. The patient received carrimycin monotherapy for 7 days, then discharged. Conclusion: Carrimycin may be a bright alternative for CRAB infection as one of the drugs in combination therapy, especially in a patient with hyperinflammatory response.

Association of choroidal thickness and blood flow features with asymmetric axial lengths in children with unilateral myopic anisometropia.

BACKGROUND: Considering that changes in the choroidal thickness are closely related to ocular growth, we studied the choroidal thickness (CT) and the blood flow features in children with unilateral myopic anisometropia (UMA) as well as investigating the relationship between choroidal changes and myopia. METHODS: Subjective refractive, axial length (AL), and biometric parameters were measured in 98 UMA children (age: 8-15 years). CT and choroidal blood-flow features, including the choroidal vessel volume (CVV), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), and choriocapillaris perfusion area (CCPA), were measured through swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. The macular region was categorized into four concentric circles of diameters 0-1 mm (central fovea), 1-3 mm (parafovea), 3-6 mm (perifovea), and 6-9 mm (extended), and further categorized into superior (S), inferior (I), temporal (T), and nasal (N) quadrants. RESULTS: The aforementioned four regions of myopic eyes displayed significantly lower CT, CVV, and CVI than those of non-myopic eyes. CCPA changes differed across different regions of both the eyes (parts of N and T quadrants). There was an inverse association between CT and the interocular AL difference (central and other regions S, T quadrant). No correlation was noted between CVV and CVI with interocular AL difference. CT and CVV were positively correlated in the 0-6-mm macular region of myopic eyes (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.763, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In UMA children, CCT and blood flow may be related to myopia progression. A robust correlation between CT and CVV in the 0-6-mm macular region and reduced CT and diminished blood flow indicated an association with myopia.

Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in corneal epithelium development, homeostasis, and pathobiology.

The corneal epithelium is located on the most anterior surface of the eyeball and protects against external stimuli. The development of the corneal epithelium and the maintenance of corneal homeostasis are essential for the maintenance of visual acuity. It has been discovered recently via the in-depth investigation of ocular surface illnesses that the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway is necessary for the growth and stratification of corneal epithelial cells as well as the control of endothelial cell stability. In addition, the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway is directly linked to the development of common corneal illnesses such as keratoconus, fungal keratitis, and corneal neovascularization. This review mainly summarizes the role of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway in the development, homeostasis, and pathobiology of cornea, hoping to provide new insights into the study of corneal epithelium and the treatment of related diseases.

NR4A3 prevents diabetes induced atrial cardiomyopathy by maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) is responsible for atrial fibrillation (AF) and thromboembolic events. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for ACM. However, the potential mechanism between ACM and DM remains elusive. METHODS: Atrial tissue samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with AF or sinus rhythm (SR) to assess alterations in NR4A3 expression, and then two distinct animal models were generated by subjecting Nr4a3-/- mice and WT mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) and Streptozotocin (STZ), while db/db mice were administered AAV9-Nr4a3 or AAV9-ctrl. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to assess the impact of NR4A3 on diabetes-induced atrial remodeling through electrophysiological, biological, and histological analyses. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolomics analysis were employed to unravel the downstream mechanisms. FINDINGS: The expression of NR4A3 was significantly decreased in atrial tissues of both AF patients and diabetic mice compared to their respective control groups. NR4A3 deficiency exacerbated atrial hypertrophy and atrial fibrosis, and increased susceptibility to pacing-induced AF. Conversely, overexpression of NR4A3 alleviated atrial structural remodeling and reduced AF induction rate. Mechanistically, we confirmed that NR4A3 improves mitochondrial energy metabolism and reduces oxidative stress injury by preserving the transcriptional expression of Sdha, thereby exerting a protective influence on atrial remodeling induced by diabetes. INTERPRETATION: Our data confirm that NR4A3 plays a protective role in atrial remodeling caused by diabetes, so it may be a new target for treating ACM. FUNDING: This study was supported by the major research program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) No: 82370316 (to Q-S. W.), No. 81974041 (to Y-P. W.), and No. 82270447 (to Y-P. W.) and Fundation of Shanghai Hospital Development Center (No. SHDC2022CRD044 to Q-S. W.).

Age-specific disparity in insomnia among COVID-19 patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals: a population-based study in Shanghai, China.

Background: Fangcang shelter hospitals are quarantine facilities offering primary medical treatment for mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases. Little is known about the age-specific prevalence of insomnia among patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals, particularly in older age groups. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the three largest Fangcang shelter hospitals during the lockdown period, from March to May 2022, in Shanghai. The patients' demographic and medical information was recorded. Insomnia was defined according to the prescriptions for zolpidem and estazolam. The overall and age-specific prevalence and the risk factors of insomnia were investigated through regression models. Results: A total of 2,39,448 patients were included in this study (59.09% of the patients were male, the median age was 42, and 73.41% of the patients were asymptomatic), with the prevalence of insomnia being 3.1%. The prevalence of insomnia varied across different age groups (<18 years: 0.23%, 18-64 years: 2.64%, and ≥65 years: 10.36%). SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, regardless of the number of doses, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of insomnia for the group aged ≥65 years. Three doses of the vaccine reduced the risk of insomnia for patients aged 18-64 years. An extra day in the hospital significantly increased the risk of insomnia by approximately 10% for all age groups. Mild symptoms were significantly associated with a higher risk of insomnia among patients aged <65 years old, while being male and residing in the surrounding area were negatively associated with insomnia for all adults. Conclusion: This study observed that older patients were a high-risk population for developing insomnia in Fangcang shelter hospitals. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might decrease the risk of insomnia in adults, especially the older adult, which indicates the benefits of vaccination for reducing insomnia among infected patients.

STAMBPL1, transcriptionally regulated by SREBP1, promotes malignant behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. STAM binding protein-like 1 (STAMBPL1), a key member of the COP9 signalosome subunit 5/serine protease 27/proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 7 (JAMM) family, is closely associated with tumor development. In this work, data from GSE101728 and GSE84402 chips were analyzed, and STAMBPL1 was selected as the target factor. This study aimed to reveal the potential function of STAMBPL1 in HCC. Clinical results showed that STAMBPL1 was significantly increased in tumor tissues of HCC patients, and its expression was strongly associated with tumor size and TNM stage. Furthermore, STAMBPL1-overexpressed Hep3B2.1-7 cell line or STAMBPL1-silenced SNU-182 cell line were established using lentivirus carrying cDNA encoding STAMBPL1 mRNA or shRNA targeting STAMBPL1, respectively. STAMBPL1-overexpressed cells exhibited a pronounced enhancement of proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous expression of STAMBPL1 increased the percentage of cells in the S phase and upregulated the expressions of CyclinD1 and Survivin. As expected, STAMBPL1 knockdown exhibited completely opposite effects, resulting in impaired tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, STAMBPL1 activated Wnt/ß-catenin pathway and increased the expression of downstream cancer-promoting genes. Interestingly, we found that STAMBPL1 was transcriptionally regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), a modulator of lipid metabolism, as evidenced by luciferase reporter and chromatin-immunoprecipitation (Ch-IP) assays. Notably, STAMBPL1 overexpression increased lipid accumulation in HCC cells and xenograft tumors. Totally our findings suggest that STAMBPL1 plays a vital role in the tumorigenicity of HCC cells. Modulation of Wnt/ß-catenin and lipid metabolism may contribute to its pro-cancer effects. STAMBPL1 may serve as a therapeutic target of HCC.

Impact of freeze-thaw cycles on the physicochemical properties and structure-function relationship of potato starch with varying granule sizes in frozen dough.

Starch, as a critical component of dough, significantly influences quality preservation during the freezing process. In particular, the fine structure of potato (B-type) starch in frozen processing is a subject of considerable interest. This study aims to investigate the intrinsic differences of B-type starch and the impact of freeze-thaw (F/T) treatment on its molecular structure and physicochemical properties. Chain length distribution and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to examine the structural characteristics of natural potato starch with different granule sizes. Furthermore, the fine structure, thermal properties, and rheological properties of the isolated starches after F/T treatment were analyzed. The results indicate that potato starch with smaller particle sizes exhibits higher surface CC and PO content along with a higher proportion of very short chains (DP < 6, 8.17 %) and long B chains (DP > 25, 20.68 %). The study found that after F/T treatment, the surface of small-sized starch granules was initially damaged, exhibiting threads on the surface centered on the umbilical point. Following F/T treatment, both the crystallinity (very large (VL): 24.52-18.36 %; small (S): 17.03-16.69 %) and short-range order (VL: 2.97-2.61; S: 2.71-2.35) of starch particle size decreased. Both the amylose content (20.88-14.57 %) and ΔH (10.15-8.62 J/g) of isolated starch after freeze-thaw-treated dough exhibited a decrease to varying degrees. With the exception of the fifth cycle, small-size starch particles exhibited relatively higher G' and G" values and showed significant changes as a result of F/T treatment, demonstrating high hardness and complex viscosity. Clarifying the physicochemical properties of potato starches with different granule sizes is expected to expand their applications in frozen dough.

Dissecting the mediating role of cytokines in the interaction between immune traits and sepsis: insights from comprehensive mendelian randomization.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, yet the potential causal relationship between the immunophenotype and sepsis remains unclear. Methods: Genetic variants associated with the immunophenotype served as instrumental variables (IVs) in Mendelian randomization (MR) to elucidate the causal impact of the immunophenotype on three sepsis outcomes. Additionally, a two-step MR analysis was conducted to identify significant potential mediators between the immunophenotype and three sepsis outcomes. Results: Our MR analysis demonstrated a significant association between the immunophenotype and sepsis outcome, with 36, 36, and 45 the immunophenotype associated with the susceptibility, severity, and mortality of sepsis, respectively. Specifically, our analysis highlighted the CD14+ CD16+ monocyte phenotype as a significant factor across all three sepsis outcomes, with odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) indicating its impact on sepsis (OR = 1.047, CI: 1.001-1.096), sepsis in Critical Care Units (OR = 1.139, CI: 1.014-1.279), and sepsis-related 28-day mortality (OR = 1.218, CI: 1.104-1.334). Mediation analyses identified seven cytokines as significant mediators among 91 potential cytokines, including interleukin-5 (IL-5), S100A12, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform, cystatin D, interleukin-18 (IL-18), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Furthermore, reverse MR analysis revealed no causal effect of sepsis outcomes on the immunophenotype. Conclusion: Our MR study suggests that the immunophenotype is significantly associated with the susceptibility, severity, and mortality of patient with sepsis, providing, for the first time, robust evidence of significant associations between immune traits and their potential risks. This information is invaluable for clinicians and patients in making informed decisions and merits further attention.

LPCAT2-mediated lipid droplet production supports pancreatic cancer chemoresistance and cell motility.

Lipid droplet (LD) accumulation is one of the features in various tumors, whereas the significance of LD accumulation in pancreatic cancer progression remains unclear under chemotherapeutic condition. Since chemoresistance towards gemcitabine (GEM) is an obstacle for clinical therapy of pancreatic cancer, we sought to investigate the contribution of LD accumulation to GEM resistance. Herein, triacsin C (an inhibitor of LD production) dampened the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. The inhibition of LD accumulation induced by triacsin C or silencing of perilipin 2 (a marker of LD) sensitized cells to GEM treatment. Next, 75 paraffin-embedded samples and 5 pairs of frozen samples from pancreatic cancer patients were obtained for the detection of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2; a LD-located enzyme contributing phosphatidylcholine synthesis) expression. The results revealed that LPCAT2 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues, and its expression was correlated with clinical parameters and the basal LD content of cancer cell lines. Loss of LPCAT2 repressed the LD accumulation, GEM resistance, and cell motility. The enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity was further confirmed in a xenograft model of mice in vivo. The carcinogenesis role of LPCAT2 was at least partly mediated by the LD accumulation. Then, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) activated the transcription of LPCAT2. Both LPCAT2 downregulation and triacsin C reversed the STAT5B-induced potentiation of malignant phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, LPCAT2-mediated lipid droplet production supported pancreatic cancer chemoresistance and cell motility, which was triggered by STAT5B.

High resolution assessment of commercial fisheries activity along the US West Coast using Vessel Monitoring System data with a case study using California groundfish fisheries.

Commercial fisheries along the US West Coast are important components of local and regional economies. They use various fishing gear, target a high diversity of species, and are highly spatially heterogeneous, making it challenging to generate a synoptic picture of fisheries activity in the region. Still, understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of US West Coast fisheries is critical to meet the US legal mandate to manage fisheries sustainably and to better coordinate activities among a growing number of users of ocean space, including offshore renewable energy, aquaculture, shipping, and interactions with habitats and key non-fishery species such as seabirds and marine mammals. We analyzed vessel tracking data from Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) from 2010 to 2017 to generate high-resolution spatio-temporal estimates of contemporary fishing effort across a wide range of commercial fisheries along the entire US West Coast. We identified over 247,000 fishing trips across the entire VMS data, covering over 25 different fisheries. We validated the spatial accuracy of our analyses using independent estimates of spatial groundfish fisheries effort generated through the NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service Observer Program. Additionally, for commercial groundfish fisheries operating in federal waters in California, we combined the VMS data with landings and ex-vessel value data from California commercial fisheries landings receipts to generate highly resolved estimates of landings and ex-vessel value, matching over 38,000 fish tickets with VMS data that included 87% of the landings and 76% of the ex-vessel value for groundfish. We highlight fisheries-specific and spatially-resolved patterns of effort, landings, and ex-vessel value, a bimodal distribution of fishing effort with respect to depth, and variable and generally declining effort over eight years. The information generated by our study can help inform future sustainable spatial fisheries management and other activities in the marine environment including offshore renewable energy planning.

The application of starch-based edible film in food preservation: a comprehensive review.

Using renewable resources for food packaging not only helps reduce our dependence on fossil fuels but also minimizes the environmental impact associated with traditional plastics. Starch has been a hot topic in the field of current research because of its low cost, wide source and good film forming property. However, a comprehensive review in this field is still lacking. Starch-based films offer a promising alternative for sustainable packaging in the food industry. The present paper covers various aspects such as raw material sources, modification methods, and film formation mechanisms. Understanding the physicochemical properties and potential commercial applications is crucial for bridging the gap between research and practical implementation. Finally, the application of starch-based films in the food industry is discussed in detail. Different modifications of starch can improve the mechanical and barrier properties of the films. The addition of active substances to starch-based films can endow them with more functions. Therefore, these factors should be better investigated and optimized in future studies to improve the physicochemical properties and functionality of starch-based films. In summary, this review provides comprehensive information and the latest research progress of starch-based films in the food industry.

A disinhibitory microcircuit of the orbitofrontal cortex mediates cocaine preference in mice.

Both clinical and animal studies showed that the impaired functions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) underlie the compulsive drug-seeking behavior of drug addiction. However, the functional changes of the microcircuit in the OFC and the underlying molecular mechanisms in drug addiction remain elusive, and little is known for whether microcircuits in the OFC contributed to drug addiction-related behaviors. Utilizing the cocaine-induced conditioned-place preference model, we found that the malfunction of the microcircuit led to disinhibition in the OFC after cocaine withdrawal. We further showed that enhanced Somatostatin-Parvalbumin (SST-PV) inhibitory synapse strength changed microcircuit function, and SST and PV inhibitory neurons showed opposite contributions to the drug addiction-related behavior of mice. Brevican of the perineuronal nets of PV neurons regulated SST-PV synapse strength, and the knockdown of Brevican alleviated cocaine preference. These results reveal a novel molecular mechanism of the regulation of microcircuit function and a novel circuit mechanism of the OFC in gating cocaine preference.

Discovery of Novel Cholinesterase Inhibitors Easily Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier via Structure-Property Relationship Investigation: Methylenedioxy-Cinnamicamide Containing Tertiary Amine Side Chain.

In the present investigation, a series of dimethoxy or methylenedioxy substituted-cinnamamide derivatives containing tertiary amine moiety (N. N-Dimethyl, N, N-diethyl, Pyrrolidine, Piperidine, Morpholine) were synthesized and evaluated for cholinesterase inhibition and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Although their chemical structures are similar, their biological activities exhibit diversity. The results showed that all compounds except for those containing morpholine group exhibited moderate to potent acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Preliminary screening of BBB permeability shows that methylenedioxy substituted compounds have better brain permeability than the others. Compound 10c, containing methylenedioxy and pyrrolidine side chain, showed a better acetylcholinesterase inhibition (IC50: 1.52±0.19 µmol/L) and good blood-brain barrier permeability. Further pharmacokinetic investigation of compound 10c using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in mice showed that compound 10c in brain tissue reached its peak concentration (857.72±93.56 ng/g) after dosing 30 min. Its half-life in the serum is 331 min (5.52 h), and the CBrain/CSerum at various sampling points is ranged from 1.65 to 4.71(Mean: 2.76) within 24 hours. This investigation provides valuable information on the chemistry and pharmacological diversity of cinnamic acid derivatives and may be beneficial for the discovery of central nervous system drugs.

A Membrane-Targeting Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe for Monitoring Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the leading cause of irreversible myocardial damage. A pivotal pathogenic factor is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, marked by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. However, the impact of lipid droplet (LD) changes on I/R-induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis is unclear. In this study, an aggregation-induced emission probe, TPABTBP is developed that is used for imaging dynamic changes in LD during myocardial I/R-induced ferroptosis. TPABTBP exhibits excellent LD-specificity, superior capability for monitoring lipophagy, and remarkable photostability. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and super-resolution fluorescence imaging demonstrate that the TPABTBP is specifically localized to the phospholipid monolayer membrane of LDs. Imaging LDs in cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue in model mice with MIRI reveals that the LD accumulation level increase in the early reperfusion stage (0-9 h) but decrease in the late reperfusion stage (>24 h) via lipophagy. The inhibition of LD breakdown significantly reduces the lipid peroxidation level in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that chloroquine (CQ), an FDA-approved autophagy modulator, can inhibit ferroptosis, thereby attenuating MIRI in mice. This study describes the dynamic changes in LD during myocardial ischemia injury and suggests a potential therapeutic target for early MIRI intervention.

Pea protein/carboxymethyl cellulose complexes prepared using a pH cycle strategy as stabilizers of high internal phase emulsions for 3D printing.

The development of food-grade high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) for 3D printing and the replacement of animal fats have attracted considerable attention. In this study, in order to improve the rheological properties and stability of pea protein to prepare HIPE, pea protein/carboxymethyl cellulose (pH-PP/CMC) was prepared and subjected to pH cycle treatment to produce HIPEs. The results showed that pH cycle treatment and CMC significantly reduced the droplet size of HIPEs (from 143.33 to 12.10 µm). At higher CMC concentrations, the interfacial tension of the PP solution decreased from 12.84 to 11.71 mN/m without pH cycle treatment and to 10.79 mN/m with pH cycle treatment. The HIPEs with higher CMC concentrations subjected to pH cycle treatment showed shear thinning behavior and higher viscoelasticity and recovered their solid-like properties after being subjected to 50 % strain, indicating that they could be used for 3D printing. The 3D printing results showed that the pH-PP/CMC HIPE with 0.3 % CMC had the finest structure. Our work provides new insights into developing food-grade HIPEs and facilitating their use in 3D printing inks as nutrient delivery systems and animal fat substitutes.

Socio-ecological model as a framework to understand the low participation of Earth Hour among Chinese college students: conflict between belief and practice.

Earth Hour, a global mass effort coordinated to show concern for green urban construction and sustainable development, was first organized by the World Wildlife Fund in Australia in 2007 with a growing trend of participation worldwide. However, analysis of participation in Earth Hour based on a large population are sparse, with only a few studies reporting details in positive results without a clear pattern that explains the potential low participation. This study focuses on the non-participants and analyzed the reasons for low participation in Earth Hour using a questionnaire with 401 college students based on the socio-ecological model. Two aspects are explored: (1) social-demographic features; (2) psychosocial traits (environmental awareness, acceptance for law, social support from family and friends and knowledge about the event). Barriers toward participation are included as mediators to explain how these basic features change students' decision on joining large-scale environmental campaign. A participation analysis method using binary logistic regression and one-way MANOVA is applied in data analysis. This study highlights that the irrelevance between students' belief and practice on environmental protection should not be overlooked, and that college students are inclined to join in groups in relevant activities-conversely, herd effect could greatly reduce their willingness to participation. The findings of this study have wider implications for school educators, practitioners and organizations involved in pro-environmental career. This paper highlights that, from an international perspective, the essence of collective action with a similar nature to Earth Hour and contributes to a global dialogue on fostering sustainable behaviors.

Long-term Bisphenol S exposure induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, intestinal lesions and dyslipidemia in mice.

Bisphenol S (BPS) is a commonly detected chemical raw material in water, which poses significant threats to both the ecological environment and human health. Despite being recognized as a typical endocrine disruptor and a substitute for Bisphenol A, the toxicological effects of BPS remain nonnegligible. In order to comprehensively understand the health impacts of BPS, a long-term (154 days) exposure experiment was conducted on mice, during which the physiological indicators of the liver, intestine, and blood were observed. The findings revealed that exposure to BPS resulted in dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, intestinal lesions, and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, there exists a significant correlation between gut microbiota and indicators of host health. Consequently, the identification of specific gut microbiota can be considered as potential biomarkers for the evaluation of risk associated with BPS. This study will effectively address the deficiency in toxicological data pertaining to BPS. The novel BPS data obtained from this research can serve as a valuable reference for professionals in the field.