Thrombosis complicating high dose intravenous immunoglobulin: report of three cases and review of the literature.

High dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVG) is increasingly used in a broad range of immune mediated diseases. Thrombosis was exceptionally reported as a complication of this therapy. We describe three cases of thrombotic complications during or soon after IVIG treatment: myocardial infarction in a man and cerebral infarctions in an elderly man, associated with peripheral ischemia in a woman. In addition we review the published cases in the literature and discuss the possible etiologic factors.

HLA antigen pattern of Kashmiri patients with rheumatic heart disease.

The distribution of HLA class-I (A, B and C), and class II (DR and DQ) antigens was studied in 50 randomly selected Kashmiri Muslim patients with established rheumatic heart disease and compared with that of 50 controls of similar ethnicity. A significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DR4 (P < 0.005, RR 3.27) and a significant decrease in the frequency of HLA-B5 (P < 0.001, RR 0.19) were found in the patient group. Though HLA-DQ3 showed a significant increase (P < 0.005, RR 2.52) and HLA-DR7 a significant decrease (P < 0.05, RR 0.42) in the patient group, the corrected P value was not significant. The findings suggest that susceptibility to RHD in the studied population is HLA-related, with HLA-DR4 influencing its occurrence and HLA-B5 conferring protection against the same.

Study of HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ profile of patients with established rheumatic heart disease in Kashmir.

This study included 54 unselected patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) with or without history of rheumatic fever and 224 control subjects, all Kashmiris. HLA-A19 was increased in 42.59 percent of patient population as against 23.66 percent of controls, with a relative risk of 2.39. HLA-DR4 was positive in 56 percent of patients as against 31.69 percent in controls with a relative risk of 2.74. DQ3 was also present in 72 percent of patient population as against 50.7 percent of controls. These findings suggest a genetic predisposition to rheumatic fever/RHD. More family studies are warranted.

5-Fluorouracil-induced severe but reversible cardiogenic shock: a case report.

5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity is increasingly recognized with variable presentation. We report a patient who developed cardiogenic shock due to high-dose 5-fluorouracil infusion (1,000 mg/m2 every 24 hr for 96 hr). There was no evidence of myocardial necrosis. The patient recovered completely without any residual cardiac dysfunction. The exact cause of 5-fluorouracil toxicity remains to be determined. The case highlights the need for careful monitoring of patients who receive high-dose 5-fluorouracil for the development of cardiotoxicity.

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy presenting as complete heart block and Stoke-Adams attacks.

A patient with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP, Guillain-Barré syndrome) whose presenting complaints were related to autonomic dysfunction in the form of parasympathetic and sympathetic overactivity is reported. Parasympathetic overactivity was severe enough to cause complete atrioventricular block (atropine-responsive) and Stoke-Adams attacks, for which a demand pacemaker was required. Limb weakness was apparent 48 hours later. To our knowledge no such presentation of AIDP has been previously recorded.