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BACKGROUND: Evidence has been mixed regarding the effect of topical vancomycin (VCM) powder in reducing surgical site infection (SSI). AIM: To clarify the effect of topical VCM powder for the prevention of SSI in major orthopaedic surgeries. METHODS: The MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from their inception to September 25th, 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing topical VCM powder and controls for the prevention of SSI in major orthopaedic surgeries were included. Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstract and extracted relevant data, followed by the assessment of the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence. Main outcome measures were overall SSI, reoperation, and adverse events. Summary results were obtained using random-effects meta-analysis. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed. FINDINGS: Eight randomized controlled trials yielded data on 4307 participants. VCM powder showed no difference in reducing overall SSI. The cumulative number of patients did not exceed the required information size of 19,233 in our TSA, and the Z-curves did not cross the trial sequential monitoring or futility boundary, suggesting an inconclusive result of the meta-analysis. No difference was found for reoperation. Among SSIs, VCM powder showed a statistically significant difference in reducing Gram-positive cocci SSI. However, the certainty of this evidence was very low. CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests inconclusive results regarding the effect of VCM powder in reducing SSI in major orthopaedic surgeries. Further trials using rigorous methodologies are required to elucidate the effect of this intervention.
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Administração Tópica , Antibacterianos , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Pós , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Vancomicina , Humanos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Vancomicina/administração & dosagem , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study aims to evaluate the effects of adding alpha lipoic acid (ALA) to the in vitro ovarian tissue culture medium, either fresh or after vitrification/warming. For this purpose, 10 ovaries from five adult sheep were used. Each pair of ovaries gave rise to 16 fragments and were randomly distributed into two groups: fresh (n = 8) and vitrified (n = 8). Two fresh fragments were fixed immediately and considered the control, while another six were cultured in vitro for 14 days in the absence; presence of a constant (100 µM/0-14 day) or dynamic (50 µM/day 0-7 and 100 µM/day 8-14) concentration of ALA. As for the vitrified fragments, two were fixed and the other six were cultured in vitro under the same conditions described for the fresh group. All the fragments were subjected to morphological evaluation, follicular development and stromal density (classical histology), DNA fragmentation (TUNEL), senescence (Sudan Black), fibrosis (Masson's Trichome), and endoplasmic reticulum stress (immunofluorescence). Measurements of the antioxidant capacity against the free radicals 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and estradiol (E2) levels in the culture medium was performed. The results showed that in the absence of ALA, in vitro culture of vitrified ovarian fragments showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in follicular morphology and increased the presence of senescence and tissue fibrosis (P < 0.05). Dynamic ALA maintained E2 levels unchanged (P > 0.05) until the end of vitrified ovarian tissue culture and controlled the levels of ABTS and DPPH radicals in fresh or vitrified cultures. Therefore, it is concluded that ALA should be added to the vitrified ovarian tissue in vitro culture medium to reduce the damage that leads to loss of ovarian function. To ensure steroidogenesis during in vitro culture, ALA should be added dynamically (different concentrations throughout culture).
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Ácido Tióctico , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Animais , Feminino , Ácido Tióctico/farmacologia , Ovinos , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos/veterinária , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Vitrificação , Criopreservação/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sarcopenia with oral function decline in older patients as well as whether a combination of underweight BMI and sarcopenia was associated with decreased oral function in individuals with conservative restorative and prosthetic treatment for masticatory disorders. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study included 290 older Japanese patients who regularly attended a general dental clinic. A detailed examination of oral function, sarcopenia, and BMI according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria was conducted for patients aged 65 years. This study used odds ratios as an epidemiological measure in the cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the number of remaining teeth and tongue pressure was associated with both ideal and overweight BMI in individuals with sarcopenia when compared to healthy individuals. The underweight BMI plus sarcopenia group was associated with tongue and lip motor function [ka] sound test, swallowing function, and the presence of oral hypofunction. DISCUSSION: Our findings indicated that various aspects of oral function were impaired in community-dwelling older adult Japanese patients with sarcopenia and underweight BMI. Notably, among older adults with sarcopenia, both obese and thin patients exist, suggesting that distinct pathophysiological mechanisms influence oral function. CONCLUSION: The above findings support the hypothesis that the coexistence of sarcopenia and underweight BMI is associated with poor oral function. Regular oral function assessments and weight measurements in general dental practice can aid the prompt identification of sarcopenia and reduced swallowing function and can facilitate early intervention. The presence of sarcopenia and impaired swallowing function should be considered in patients with underweight BMI, reduced [ka] sound, and low tongue pressure following a thorough oral function examination.
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Sarcopenia , Humanos , Idoso , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Língua , Japão/epidemiologia , Magreza/epidemiologia , Pressão , Clínicas OdontológicasRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the effect of deep learning on the diagnostic performance of radiologists and radiology residents in detecting breast cancers on computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, patients undergoing contrast-enhanced chest CT between January 2010 and December 2020 using equipment from two vendors were included. Patients with confirmed breast cancer were categorised as the training (n=201) and validation (n=26) group and the testing group (n=30) using processed CT images from either vendor. The trained deep-learning model was applied to test group patients with (30 females; mean age = 59.2 ± 15.8 years) and without (19 males, 21 females; mean age = 64 ± 15.9 years) breast cancer. Image-based diagnostic performance of the deep-learning model was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Two radiologists and three radiology residents were asked to detect malignant lesions by recording a four-point diagnostic confidence score before and after referring to the result from the deep-learning model, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated using jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis by calculating the figure of merit (FOM). RESULTS: The AUCs of the trained deep-learning model on the validation and test data were 0.976 and 0.967, respectively. After referencing with the result of the deep learning model, the FOMs of readers significantly improved (reader 1/2/3/4/5: from 0.933/0.962/0.883/0.944/0.867 to 0.958/0.968/0.917/0.947/0.900; p=0.038). CONCLUSION: Deep learning can help radiologists and radiology residents detect breast cancer on CT.
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Neoplasias da Mama , Aprendizado Profundo , Radiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , RadiologistasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Although better diet quality is inversely associated with mortality risk, the association between diet quality and mortality remains unclear in frail and non-frail older adults. Thus, we aimed to examine this association in older Japanese adults. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We used the data of 8,051 Japanese older adults aged ≥65 years in the Kyoto-Kameoka study. MESUREMENTS: Dietary intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was evaluated by calculating the adherence scores to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (range, 0 [worst] to 80 [best]), which were stratiï¬ed into quartiles. Frailty status was assessed using the validated self-administered Kihon Checklist (KCL) and the Fried phenotype (FP) model. Survival data were collected between February 15, 2012 and November 30, 2016. Statistical analysis was performed using the multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis and the spline model. RESULTS: During the median 4.75-year follow-up (36,552 person-years), we recorded 661 deaths. After adjusting for confounders, compared with the bottom adherence score quartile, the top quartile was associated with lower hazard ratio (HR) of mortality in frailty (HR, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-1.00) and non-frailty, as defined by the KCL (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-1.01). In the spline model, regardless of frailty status defined by the KCL and FP model, adherence score showed a strongly dose-dependent inverse association with mortality up to approximately 55 points; however, no significant differences were observed thereafter. This association was similar to the results obtained in individuals with physical, cognitive, and depression as domains of KCL in the spline model. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate an L-shaped association between diet quality and mortality in both frail and non-frail individuals. This study may provide important knowledge for improving poor diet quality in older individuals with frailty or domains of frailty.
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Idoso Fragilizado , Fragilidade , Idoso , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Dieta , AlimentosRESUMO
AIM: To develop a model using radiomics features extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) to predict the BRAF mutation in patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 220 tumours were classified into two groups. One was a group whose BRAF mutation was identified, and the other group whose BRAF mutation was not identified. We extracted 1,962 radiomics features from gadolinium contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI treatment-planning images. Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) was performed to address the unbalanced data-related issues. A single-layer neural network (NN) was used to build predictive models with radiomics features. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the curve (AUC) were evaluated to assess the model performance. RESULTS: The prediction performance for the final evaluation without the SMOTE had an accuracy of 77.14%, a specificity of 82.44%, a sensitivity of 81.85%, and an AUC of 0.79. The application of SMOTE improved the prediction model to an accuracy of 83.1%, a specificity of 87.07%, a sensitivity of 78.82%, and an AUC of 0.82. CONCLUSION: The current study showed the feasibility of generating a highly accurate NN model for the BRAF mutation prediction. The prediction performance improved with SMOTE. The model assists physicians to obtain more accurate expectations of the treatment outcome without a genetic test.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Melanoma , Radiocirurgia , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Melanoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/radioterapia , Mutação/genética , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Studying the gravity-dependent characteristics of regolith, fine-grained granular media covering extra-terrestrial bodies is essential for the reliable design and analysis of landers and rovers for space exploration. In this study, we propose an experimental approach to examine a granular flow under stable artificial gravity conditions for a long duration generated by a centrifuge at the International Space Station. We also perform a discrete element simulation of the granular flow in both artificial and natural gravity environments. The simulation results verify that the granular flows in artificial and natural gravity are consistent. Further, regression analysis of the experimental results reveals that the mass flow rate of granular flow quantitatively follows a well-known physics-based law with some deviations under low-gravity conditions, implying that the bulk density of the granular media decreases with gravity. This insight also indicates that the bulk density considered in simulation studies of space probes under low-gravity conditions needs to be tuned for their reliable design and analysis.
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Caulerpa lentillifera (CL), also called sea grape, is a type of edible green alga which was reported to have antioxidative and immunomodulatory potential. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of CL in a rat model of chronic ethanol exposure. Wistar rats were assigned to four groups and supplied with an isocaloric control liquid diet (group C), an ethanol liquid diet (group E), a control liquid diet supplemented with 5% CL (group CC), or an ethanol liquid diet supplemented with 5% CL (group EC) for a 12-week experimental period. Ethanol feeding induced steatosis, inflammation, and changes in the gut microbiota by the end of the study, whereas CL supplementation significantly improved liver injuries and decreased circulatory endotoxin levels. Moreover, we also found that CL reversed ethanol-induced elevation of hepatic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88 protein expression, the phosphorylated-nuclear factor (NF)-κB-to-NF-κB ratio, and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Additionally, CL also increased the abundance of Akkermansia and tight junction proteins and diminished the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Dietary CL inhibited the progression of alcoholic liver disease, and some of the possible mechanisms may be strengthening the intestinal barrier function, alleviating dysbiosis, and modulating the TLR4 pathway.
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The new isotope ^{241}U was synthesized and systematic atomic mass measurements of nineteen neutron-rich Pa-Pu isotopes were performed in the multinucleon transfer reactions of the ^{238}U+^{198}Pt system at the KISS facility. The present experimental results demonstrate the crucial role of the multinucleon transfer reactions for accessing unexplored neutron-rich actinide isotopes toward the N=152 shell gap in this region of nuclides.
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Carvacrol (C10H14O), an efficient phenolic antioxidant substance for several cell types, may become a useful antioxidant for female germ cells and embryo culture. This study investigates the effects of carvacrol supplementation on bovine oocytes in in vitro maturation (IVM) and embryo production. In total, 1222 cumulus-oocyte complexes were cultured in TCM-199+ alone (control treatment) or supplemented with carvacrol at the concentrations of 3 µM (Carv-3), 12.5 µM (Carv-12.5), or 25 µM (Carv-25). After IVM, the oocytes were subjected to in vitro fertilization and embryo production, and the spent medium post-IVM was used for evaluating the levels of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid quantification). A greater (P < 0.05) antioxidant potential was observed in the spent medium of all carvacrol-treated groups compared with the control medium. Moreover, the addition of carvacrol to the maturation medium did not affect (P > 0.05) blastocyst production on days 7 and 10 of culture; however, the total number of cells per blastocyst was reduced (P < 0.05) in two carvacrol-treated groups (Carv-3 and Carv-25). In conclusion, carvacrol demonstrated a high antioxidant capacity in the spent medium after oocyte maturation; however, although embryo production was not affected, in general, carvacrol addition to IVM medium reduced the total number of cells per blastocyst. Therefore, due to the high antioxidant capacity of carvacrol, new experiments are warranted to investigate the beneficial effects of lower concentrations of carvacrol on embryo production in cattle and other species.
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Antioxidantes , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Bovinos , Feminino , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterinária , Oogênese , Oócitos , Fertilização in vitro/veterinária , BlastocistoRESUMO
The atomic masses of ^{55}Sc, ^{56,58}Ti, and ^{56-59}V have been determined using the high-precision multireflection time-of-flight technique. The radioisotopes have been produced at RIKEN's Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) and delivered to the novel designed gas cell and multireflection system, which has been recently commissioned downstream of the ZeroDegree spectrometer following the BigRIPS separator. For ^{56,58}Ti and ^{56-59}V, the mass uncertainties have been reduced down to the order of 10 keV, shedding new light on the N=34 shell effect in Ti and V isotopes by the first high-precision mass measurements of the critical species ^{58}Ti and ^{59}V. With the new precision achieved, we reveal the nonexistence of the N=34 empirical two-neutron shell gaps for Ti and V, and the enhanced energy gap above the occupied νp_{3/2} orbit is identified as a feature unique to Ca. We perform new Monte Carlo shell model calculations including the νd_{5/2} and νg_{9/2} orbits and compare the results with conventional shell model calculations, which exclude the νg_{9/2} and the νd_{5/2} orbits. The comparison indicates that the shell gap reduction in Ti is related to a partial occupation of the higher orbitals for the outer two valence neutrons at N=34.
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Nêutrons , TitânioRESUMO
Background: Urogenital schistosomiasis (UgS) is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium and can lead to chronic ill-health. Nigeria is endemic for schistosomiasis, but epidemiology of UgS has not been studied in most states. This study was conceived with the aim to contribute towards an accurate national picture of UgS in Nigeria. The prevalence of UgS and the associated risk factors were for the first time investigated among primary school pupils in Jidawa and Zobiya communities of the Dutse Local Government Area (LGAs) of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Method: Focus group discussions with teachers and parents were conducted. After obtaining written consent from parents, questionnaires were administered to pupils to obtain socio-demographic data and information on water contact activities. Urine samples (279) were collected and processed by the urine filtration technique to evaluate haematuria and the presence of S. haematobium eggs. Results: Prevalences of 65.7% (90/137) and 69.0% (98/142) were recorded in the Jidawa and Zobiya communities, respectively. In both communities, there was a significant association between gender and UgS: 63.3% of the infected pupils were males as compared to 36.7% females (χ2 = 5.42, p = 0.020). Grade 5 students had a significantly higher prevalence (χ2 = 17.919, p = 0.001) (80.0%) compared to those in grades 2, 3, 4, and 6 (63.8%, 66.7%, 61.5%, and 64.6%, respectively). Water contact activities showed that pupils involved in fishing, irrigation, and swimming were at greater risk of becoming infected in Jidawa and Zobiya, with odds ratios (risk factors) of 5.4 (0.994-28.862) and 4.1 (1.709-9.862), respectively (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Both the Jidawa and Zobiya communities of the Dutse LGAs of Jigawa State are hyperendemic for UgS. In collaboration with the State Ministry of Health, mass administration of praziquantel was carried out in the Jidawa and Zobiya communities after this study.
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Esquistossomose Urinária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Esquistossomose Urinária/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose Urinária/urina , Instituições Acadêmicas , ÁguaRESUMO
Marine organisms normally swim at elevated speeds relative to cruising speeds only during strenuous activity, such as predation or escape. We measured swimming speeds of 29 ram ventilating sharks from 10 species and of three Atlantic bluefin tunas immediately after exhaustive exercise (fighting a capture by hook-and-line) and unexpectedly found all individuals exhibited a uniform mechanical response, with swimming speed initially two times higher than the cruising speeds reached approximately 6 h later. We hypothesized that elevated swimming behaviour is a means to increase energetic demand and drive the removal of lactate accumulated during capture via oxidation. To explore this hypothesis, we estimated the mechanical work that must have been spent by an animal to elevate its swim speed and then showed that the amount of lactate that could have been oxidized to fuel it comprises a significant portion of the amount of lactate normally observed in fishes after exhaustive exercise. An estimate for the full energetic cost of the catch-and-release event ensued.
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This study investigates the impact of eugenol (EU) supplementation on bovine oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and antioxidant capacity, as well as in vitro embryo production and quality after conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). A total of 1077 cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured in TCM-199+ without EU supplementation (control treatment) or supplemented with EU at the concentrations of 10 µM (EU-10), 20 µM (EU-20), or 40 µM (EU-40). After IVM, the oocytes were subjected to IVF and embryo culture. The addition of EU at 40 µM to the IVM medium improved (P < 0.05) the antioxidant capacity and cleavage rate when compared to the control treatment. Moreover, a positive correlation (r = 0.61, P < 0.03) was observed between cleavage rate and EU concentration. The addition of EU at concentrations of 10 and 20 µM decreased (P < 0.05) the calreticulin (CALR) levels in expanded blastocysts when compared to the control treatment and EU-40 treatment. However, the EU-10 and EU-20 treatments had a greater (P < 0.05) mean total cell number (TCN) per expanded blastocyst when compared to the control treatment and EU-40 treatment. In conclusion, the addition of EU to the enriched culture medium during IVM of bovine oocytes improved the antioxidant capacity of the spent medium, as well as the cleavage rate and embryonic quality (i.e., TCN/expanded blastocyst), and reduced the endoplasmic reticulum stress (i.e., CALR levels) in the embryos. Thus, we recommend enriching the IVM medium with 10 µM EU for in vitro bovine embryo production.
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Eugenol , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Blastocisto , Calreticulina , Bovinos , Contagem de Células/veterinária , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Placing a transanal endoscopic rectal purse-string suture (taEPS) is the crucial first component of transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME). However, no structured training is available to improve the procedure-specific skills for taEPS. The aim of this study was to create a performance rubric to improve taEPS skills and provide preliminary evidence for its validity. METHODS: A performance rubric was created based on technical considerations for taEPS, identified by consulting with taTME surgical and performance assessment experts. Ten independent, blinded raters assessed 10 videotaped taEPS procedures of consecutive taTME cases, at National Cancer Center Hospital East (NCCHE), Chiba, Japan, in January 2018-March 2019 using the rubric and the Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS). Internal consistency and inter-rater reliabilities were calculated. Videotaped taEPS procedures were timed and assessed by the rubric. Correlation between rubric scores and suturing times were analyzed. RESULTS: The rubric consists of four items: loading the needle (LN), atraumatic needle passage (AP), planned suture path (PS), and overall performance (OA). Videotaped performances were graded on a 3-point Likert scale; scores were calculated as sums of the points. Cronbach's α for internal consistency was 0.713. Inter-rater reliabilities were LN: 0.73, AP: 0.76, PS: 0.71, and OA: 0.70. Rubric and GOALS scores were strongly correlated (r = 0.964, p < 0.001). In 112 consecutive taEPS performances, rubric scores were strongly correlated with suturing time (r = - 0.69, p < 0.001). Surgeons' experience with taTME was associated with rubric scores and suturing time. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary validation for the taEPS skill performance rubric. The rubric's structured training may facilitate skill acquisition by providing trainees with critical clinical considerations.
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Laparoscopia , Protectomia , Neoplasias Retais , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal , Humanos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Reto/cirurgia , Suturas , Cirurgia Endoscópica Transanal/métodosRESUMO
In dairy cows, the efficacy of oxytocin treatment for preventing retained fetal membranes (RFM) is controversial. The physiological condition of cows associated with the calving process may affect the action of oxytocin. This study aimed to elucidate the difference in the efficacy of exogenous oxytocin treatment immediately after calving among cows that received various obstetric interventions. The calving ease was recorded using a score of 1-5, and assisted birth was defined as a score of 2 or more. Cows that required calving assistance (assisted, n = 28) due to delayed calving progression had a prolonged time from calving to expulsion of the fetal membrane (P < 0.01), and impaired reproductive performance compared to cows that did not receive calving assistance (unassisted, n = 78). The effect of oxytocin treatment was determined using cows that did not expel their fetal membrane within 3 h after calving. Cows were randomly divided into the control (unassisted, n = 41; assisted, n = 22) or oxytocin group (unassisted, n = 33; assisted, n = 10). Oxytocin (50 IU) was administered intramuscularly to the cows in the oxytocin group between 3 and 6 h after calving, while no treatment was administered in the control group. In cows with assisted birth, oxytocin administration accelerated placental expulsion (P < 0.05) and improved several reproductive parameters, such as the number of services until conception (P < 0.05) and the calving to conception intervals (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. On the other hand, oxytocin administration slightly accelerated placental expulsion (P < 0.05), but failed to improve fertility in cows with unassisted birth. The results indicate that the action of oxytocin varies depending on the calving situation of the cows. Oxytocin administration during the early postpartum period could prevent RFM and improve the decline in reproductive performance associated with calving assistance.
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Doenças dos Bovinos , Placenta Retida , Animais , Bovinos , Membranas Extraembrionárias , Feminino , Fertilidade , Ocitocina/uso terapêutico , Placenta , Placenta Retida/tratamento farmacológico , Placenta Retida/prevenção & controle , Placenta Retida/veterinária , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , ReproduçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between the severity of oral frailty (OF), which is one of the comprehensive oral functions evaluated, and dietary variety in community-dwelling older persons. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community-based. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 769 community-dwelling older persons aged 65 and over. INTERVENTIONS: We examined basic demographic information, functional status, cognitive status, depressive symptoms, medical history, and oral functions of the participants. MEASUREMENTS: OF was defined by 1-2 and 3 or more of 6 items of oral function evaluation in the pre-oral frailty and oral frailty groups, respectively. Dietary variety was assessed using the dietary variety score (DVS). The participants were categorized into 3 groups for evaluation: those with a low score (0-2), medium score (3-5), and high score (≥6). Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between OF and DVS. RESULTS: The rate of OF in the participants was 21.6%, and its severity was significantly associated with DVS after adjusting for potential confounders (Pre-OF; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.687, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.219-2.335, OF; adjusted OR = 2.857, 95% CI = 1.489-5.484). CONCLUSION: The severity of OF was significantly associated with DVS in community-dwelling older persons. This suggests that DVS may be useful in understanding the effects of OF on the nutritional status. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the association between OF and DVS.
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Dieta/métodos , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Fragilidade/complicações , Doenças da Boca/fisiopatologia , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Vida Independente , Estudos Longitudinais , MasculinoRESUMO
Resistance to lenvatinib mesylate (LEN), a systemic chemotherapy that can be administered orally, has been a major issue for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although HCC is the tumor that most exhibits intratumoral hypoxia, which has been shown to be involved in the development of treatment resistance, there are no reports of LEN resistance in HCC treatment under hypoxia. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the mechanism of treatment resistance to LEN under hypoxia using HCC cell lines. We confirmed LEN resistance under hypoxic conditions in HCC cell lines. There was a significant increase in the IC50 value of PLC/PRF/5 cells from 13.0±0.8 µM in normoxia to 21.3±1.1 µM in hypoxia, but in HepG2 cells, the increase was not significant. To elucidate the LEN resistance mechanism of PLC/PRF/5 cells under hypoxia, we performed microarray analysis and extracted genes that are thought to be related to this mechanism. Furthermore, in-silico analysis confirmed significant changes in the extracellular matrix, and among them, FN1 encoding fibronectin was determined as the hub of the gene cluster. The expression of fibronectin in PLC/PRF/5 cells examined with immunofluorescence staining was significantly elevated in and outside of cells under hypoxia, and tended to decrease when cells were exposed to LEN under normoxia. Furthermore, the fibronectin concentration in the culture solution of PLC/PRF/5 cells examined by ELISA was 2.3 times higher under hypoxia than under normoxia under LEN(-) conditions, and 1.6 times higher under hypoxia than under normoxia under LEN(+) conditions. It is assumed that in PLC/PRF/5 cells, fibronectin is probably suppressed as an indirect effect of LEN under normoxia, but transcription factors such as HIF-1α are induced under hypoxia, thus enhancing the production of fibronectin and attenuating the effect of LEN, resulting in drug resistance. This behavior of fibronectin with LEN exposure under hypoxia is probably specific to PLC/PRF/5 cells. Further studies should verify the combined effective inhibition of fibronectin and the MAPK pathway as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance the value of LEN in HCC treatment.