RESUMO
We present the first joint analysis of cluster abundances and auto or cross-correlations of three cosmic tracer fields: galaxy density, weak gravitational lensing shear, and cluster density split by optical richness. From a joint analysis (4×2pt+N) of cluster abundances, three cluster cross-correlations, and the auto correlations of the galaxy density measured from the first year data of the Dark Energy Survey, we obtain Ω_{m}=0.305_{-0.038}^{+0.055} and σ_{8}=0.783_{-0.054}^{+0.064}. This result is consistent with constraints from the DES-Y1 galaxy clustering and weak lensing two-point correlation functions for the flat νΛCDM model. Consequently, we combine cluster abundances and all two-point correlations from across all three cosmic tracer fields (6×2pt+N) and find improved constraints on cosmological parameters as well as on the cluster observable-mass scaling relation. This analysis is an important advance in both optical cluster cosmology and multiprobe analyses of upcoming wide imaging surveys.
RESUMO
We perform a comprehensive study of Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxies to constrain the fundamental properties of dark matter (DM). This analysis fully incorporates inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution and detectability of MW satellites and marginalizes over uncertainties in the mapping between galaxies and DM halos, the properties of the MW system, and the disruption of subhalos by the MW disk. Our results are consistent with the cold, collisionless DM paradigm and yield the strongest cosmological constraints to date on particle models of warm, interacting, and fuzzy dark matter. At 95% confidence, we report limits on (i) the mass of thermal relic warm DM, m_{WDM}>6.5 keV (free-streaming length, λ_{fs}â²10h^{-1} kpc), (ii) the velocity-independent DM-proton scattering cross section, σ_{0}<8.8×10^{-29} cm^{2} for a 100 MeV DM particle mass [DM-proton coupling, c_{p}â²(0.3 GeV)^{-2}], and (iii) the mass of fuzzy DM, m_{Ï}>2.9×10^{-21} eV (de Broglie wavelength, λ_{dB}â²0.5 kpc). These constraints are complementary to other observational and laboratory constraints on DM properties.
RESUMO
There are three ethical ideas that undergird a Jewish approach to allocating scarce health care resources: the unique and absolute importance of every single human being, justice, and love. These three ideas are examined in light of the legal discussions that provide the context for health care decision making. Two classical sources are used, one that adjudicates the apportionment of a single flask of water between two men in the desert, and the other that creates an order of precedence when there are certain threatening situations. In the development of the legal tradition, several issues determine who receives care: ownership of resources, equitable distribution of resources, and effectiveness of treatment options. The obligation to provide access to medical care is reinforced by the values of tzedakah (justice) and love.
