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Background: Molecular characteristics can be good indicators of tumor prognosis and have been introduced into the classification of gliomas. The prognosis of patients with newly classified lower-grade gliomas (LGGs, including grade 2 and grade 3 gliomas) is highly heterogeneous, and new molecular markers are urgently needed. Methods: Autophagy related genes (ATGs) were obtained from Human Autophagy Database (HADb). From the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), gene expression profiles including ATG expression information and patient clinical data were downloaded. Cox regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, random survival forest algorithm (RSFVH) and stratification analysis were performed. Results: Through univariate Cox regression analysis, we found a total of 127 ATGs associated with the prognosis of LGG patients from TCGA dataset and a total of 131 survival-related ATGs from CGGA dataset. Using TCGA dataset as the training group (n = 524), we constructed a five-ATG signature (including BAG1, BID, MAP1LC3C, NRG3, PTK6), which could divide LGG patients into two risk groups with significantly different overall survival (Log Rank P < 0.001). Then we confirmed in the independent CGGA dataset that the five-ATG signature had the ability to predict prognosis (n = 431, Log Rank P < 0.001). We further discovered that the predictive ability of the five-ATG signature was better than the existing clinical indicators and IDH mutation status. In addition, the five-ATG signature could further classify patients after receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy into groups with different prognosis. Conclusions: We identified a five-ATG signature that could be a reliable prognostic marker and might be therapeutic targets for autophagy therapy for LGG patients.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects of "Bangci"(focal center-side needling) and encircling needling in promoting skin wound healing and local blood perfusion in diabetic mice. METHODS: Thirty-two male C57BL/6N mice were randomized into normal, diabetic model, focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups (n=8 in each group). The skin wound model was prepared by cutting a piece of full-thickness skin at the mouse's back by using a puncher. One hour after modeling, two acupuncture needles were respectively inserted into the center of the wound and the spot at the normal skin about 0.5 cm away from the edge of the wound for mice of the focal center-side needling group, followed by EA (0.5 mA, 0.5 Hz) for 30 min. For mice of the encircling needling group, 4 acupuncture needles were respectively inserted into the upper, lower, left and right normal marginal skin around the wound, followed by EA stimulation with the same parameters as those of the center-side needling group. The wound conditions, diameter and area of the wound were monitored, and the wound blood perfusion volume was measured by using a laser speckle flowmeter. RESULTS: The wound shrinkage rates were significantly higher at the time-points of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 d after modeling in both focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups than in the model group (P<0.05), and on day 3, 5, 7 and 9 in the encircling needling group than in the focal center-side needling group (P<0.05). The wound healing time was obviously earlier in both focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups than in the model group (P<0.05), and in the encircling needling group than in the focal center-side needling group (P<0.05). Following modeling, the volume of wound blood perfusion was considerably higher from day 1 to 9 and markedly lower on day 11 in the model group than in the normal group (P<0.01), and after the intervention, the blood perfusion volume was considerably decreased on day 3, 5, 7 and 9 in both the focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups(P<0.05, P<0.01), and obviously increased on day 11 in the encircling needling group relevant to the model group (P<0.01).Comparison between post- and pre-EA stimulation showed that the immediate blood perfusion volume was significantly increased from day 1 to 11 after EA stimulation in both the focal center-side needling and encircling needling groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). The therapeutic effect of the encircling needling group was significantly superior to that of the focal center-side needling group in lowering blood perfusion volume from day 3 to 7, and in increasing blood perfusion volume on day 9 and 11 (P<0.01). Under the naked eyes, the conditions of exudation and inflammatory reaction, and the scar and granulation tissue were relatively milder and better respectively in both the center-side needling and encircling needling groups than in the model group. CONCLUSION: Both focal center-side needling and encircling needling can promote the skin wound healing by increasing the blood perfusion in diabetic mice, and the therapeutic effect of the encircling needling method was significantly superior to that of the focal center-side needling method.