Prevalence and related risk factors of minor hallucinations in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To screen the prevalence and related risk factors of minor hallucinations(MH)in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods From November 2018 to December 2022,274 newly diagnosed patients with untreated PD were enrolled in the PD Clinic of Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University.According to the score of item 2 of the unified PD rating scale Ⅰ(UPDRSⅠ),the PD patients with MH were selected(MH group,score≥2).The patients matched in age,sex,education and course of disease level were screened in non-MH PD patients(NMH group,score = 0).Cognitive function,depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms,sleep quality,non-motor symptoms,rapid eye movement sleep disorder(RBD)symptoms,activities of daily life,motor function and disease severity were evaluated with appropriate scales.The differences between two groups were compared,and the risk factors of MH in PD patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate progressive Logistic regression.Results Among the 274 newly diagnosed PD patients,11 cases(4.01%)had MH.Compared with those in NMH group(22 cases),MH group had higher Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)scores,higher Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)scores,higher PD non motor symptoms(PDNMS)scores and higher RBD scores(all P＜0.05).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high HAMD scores,high HAMA scores,high PDNMS scores and high RBD scores were risk factors for MH in PD patients(all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high HAMD score(OR =1.182,95%CI:1.004-1.392,P =0.045)and high RBD score(OR =4.448,95%CI:1.066-18.557,P =0.041)were independent risk factors for MH in PD patients.Conclusions MH may occur in newly diagnosed PD patients with probability.Depression and RBD are independent risk factors for MH in PD patients.Attention should be paid to screening patients like this and early intervention measures should be taken.

Analysis of clinical features of mild motor symptoms in prodromal Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics and evolution of mild motor symptoms (MMS) in patients with prodromal Parkinson′s disease (pPD).Methods:Based on the pPD cohort screened by Parkinson′s Disease Prodromal Clinical Assessment Scale in Nanjing community from July 2018 to December 2020, the clinical data of 30 patients with pPD who completed the baseline assessment and were followed up for at least 1 year were analyzed. According to the Unified Parkinson Diease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS-Ⅲ) score, the patients were divided into MMS group (UPDRS-Ⅲ score>3) and non-MMS group (NMMS group, UPDRS-Ⅲ score≤3). The differences and evolution characteristics of clinical characteristics between the 2 groups were compared. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the risk factors of motor symptom progression in pPD patients.Results:Among the 30 patients with pPD, 7 of 23 patients in the MMS group were converted to PD at the end of follow-up, 1 of 7 patients in the NMMS group were converted to PD at the end of follow-up. The UPDRS-Ⅲ score [10.00 (7.00, 17.00)], Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) score [25.50 (24.75, 28.00)] and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score [9.00 (5.00, 13.00)] at the end of follow-up of pPD patients were significantly higher than those at baseline [7.00 (4.00, 12.00), 24.00 (22.75, 25.25) and 8.00 (2.00, 11.00)], and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-3.505, P<0.001; Z=-2.956, P=0.003; Z=-2.427, P=0.015).Subgroup analysis showed that UPDRS-Ⅲ score [11.00 (7.00, 18.00)], MoCA score [25.00 (24.00, 27.00)] and HAMA score [ 9.00 (6.00, 15.00)] at the end of follow-up in the MMS group were higher than those at baseline [8.00 (6.00, 12.00), 24.00 (22.00, 25.00) and 9.00 (3.00, 11.00)], and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.768, P=0.006; Z=-2.457, P=0.014; Z=-2.250, P=0.024). The Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire score at the end of follow-up in the MMS group (8.96±5.20) was significantly lower than that in the baseline (11.04±4.41), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.441, P=0.023).There was no significant difference in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Rapid Eyes Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionnaire-Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK) and Sniffin′ sticks olfactory test score at the end of follow-up in the MMS group. Only UPDRS-Ⅲ score in the NMMS group was increased at the end of follow-up [7.00 (5.00, 8.00)] compared with the baseline [4.00 (1.00, 4.00)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.375, P=0.018). There was no significant difference in MoCA, MMSE, HAMA, HAMD, RBDQ-HK, and Sniffin′ sticks olfactory test score between the NMMS group and the baseline at the end of follow-up. Conclusion:The clinical conversion rate of pPD patients with MMS is high,and screening of this population should be paid attention.

The characteristics and gender differences of non-motor symptoms in early diagnosed Parkinson’s disease / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#To explore the characteristics and gender differences of non-motor symptoms（NMS） in De Novo Parkinson’s diseases （PD）. Methods 203 newly diagnosed PD patients （102 males，101 females） and 255 healthy controls （110 males，145 females） were selected. The clinical data were collected and evaluated by mini-mental State Examination （MMSE），Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA），Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD），Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA），Parkinson’s disease Sleep Scale （PDSS），Unified PD Rating Scale Part III （UPDRS-III） and Hoehn Yahr （H-Y） stage. Non-motor questionnaire screening scale （NMSQ） was used to assess their non-motor symptoms，and compared the characteristics of NMS in different genders. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of NMDQ score in PD patients. Results 98.5% of PD patients had at least one NMS，among which forgetfulness （ 67.5%），depression （49.8%） were the most common. The total score and nine domains of NMS in PD group were significantly higher than those in healthy controls （all P<0.05）. The rates of interest decline，depression，anxiety and excessive sweating in female in PD group were significantly higher than those in male，while the rate of dysphagia was significantly lower （all P<0.05）. The rates of hallucination and sweating increase in female in healthy controls were significantly higher than those inmale，the rate of memory decline was significantly lower （all P<0.05）. The total scores of NMS in male and female patients with PD were affected by HAMD and PDSS （all P<0.05），while male patients were more likely to be affected by the disease duration （β= 0.181，P=0.032）. Conclusion The incidence of non motor symptoms in newly diagnosed PD patients is significantly higher than that in healthy controls and different in gender.

Foliar application of silicon improves stem strength under low light stress by regulating lignin biosynthesis genes in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).

In order to improve soybean's resistance to lodging, silicon (Si) solutions at concentrations of 0,100, 200,300 mg kg-1 were applied during the seedling stage. The Si accumulation in different parts of the plants, the photosynthetic parameters of leaves and chlorophyll content, the stem bending resistance, the expression of genes of lignin biosynthesis and associated enzyme activity and sap flow rates were measured at early and late growth stages. The potential mechanisms for how Si improve growth and shade tolerance, enhances lodging resistance and improves photosynthesis were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the use of Si amendments in agriculture. After application of Si at 200 mg kg-1, the net photosynthetic rate of soybeans increased by 46.4 % in the light and 33.3 % under shade. The application of Si increased chlorophyll content, and fresh weight of leaves, reduced leaf area and enhanced photosynthesis by increasing stomatal conductance. The activity of peroxidase (POD), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) increased during pre-and post-growth periods, whereas Si also increased lignin accumulation and inhibited lodging. We concluded that Si affects the composition of plant cell walls components, mostly by altering linkages of non-cellulosic polymers and lignin. The modifications of the cell wall network through Si application could be a useful strategy to reduce shading stress in intercropping.

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System-A Review.

Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.

Clinical and intestinal histopathological findings in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 patients with hematochezia

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of SARS-CoV2/COVID-19 in the form of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are usually preceeded by respiratory manifestations and are associated with a poor prognosis. Hematochezia is an uncommon clinical presentation of COVID-19 disease and we hypothesize that older patients with significant comorbidites (obesity and cardiovascular) and prolonged hospitalization are suspectible to ischemic injury to the bowel. We reviewed the clinical course, key laboratory data including acute phase reactants, drug/medication history in two elderly male patients admitted for COVID-19 respiratory failure. Both patients had a complicated clinical course and suffered from hematochezia and acute blood loss anemia requiring blood transfusion around day 40 of their hospitalization. Colonoscopic impressions were correlated with the histopathological findings in the colonic biopies and changes compatible with ischemia to nonspecific acute inflammation, edema and increased eosinophils in the lamina propria were noted. Both patients were on anticoagulants, multiple antibiotics and antifungal agents due to respiratory infections at the time of lower GI bleeding. Hematochezia resolved spontaneously with supportive care. Both patients eventually recovered and were discharged. Elderly patients with significant comorbid conditions are uniquely at risk for ischemic injury to the bowel. Hypoxic conditions due to COVID-19 pneumonia and respiratory failure, compounded by preexisting cardiovascular complications, and/or cytokine storm orchestrated by the viral infection leading to alteration in coagulation profile and/or drug/medication injury can be difficult to distinguish in these critically ill patients. Presentation of hematochezia may further increase the mortality and morbidity of COVID-19 patients, and prompt consultation and management by gastroenterology is therefore warranted.

Clinical characteristics of mild cognitive impairment and its related risk factors in prodromal Parkinson's disease / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its related risk factors in patients with prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD).Methods:Forty-seven pPD patients from Nanjing community and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in the present study. The pPD patients were divided into pPD-MCI group and normal cognition (pPD-NC) group according to Beijing version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (BJ-MoCA). The general clinical data, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores, number of patients with rapid eye movement-sleep behavior disorder (RBD), overall cognitive function and cognitive domain impairment of members from pPD group and HCs, pPD-MCI group and pPD-NC group were respectively compared. Risk factors for pPD-MCI were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:The prevalence of pPD-MCI in the 47 pPD patients was 57.45% (27/47). As compared with the HCs, pPD patients had significantly higher HAMD scores and HAMA scores, statistically larger number of patients with RBD, while significantly lower overall Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores and statistically lower scores in cognition domains of visuospatial and executive function, attention, abstraction, delayed memory and orientation ( P<0.05). Patients in pPD-MCI group had significantly higher HAMA scores, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Motor Examination scores, statistically lower education level, significantly lower MoCA scores, and statistically lower scores in cognition domains of visuospatial and executive function, abstraction, and delayed memory as compared with patients in pPD-NC group ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that low education level was an independent risk factor for pPD-MCI ( OR=0.800, 95%CI: 0.650-0.985, P=0.035). Conclusions:The prevalence of MCI in pPD patients is high, and multiple cognitive domains can be impaired in early stage. Patients with pPD-MCI are more vulnerable to depression and mild motor symptoms, so attention should be paid to emotional intervention and sport life guidance for patients at early stage. Education level is crucial for pPD-MCI, and cognitive training may contribute to slow down the process of MCI.

Effect of laparoscopic radical operation for advanced colon cancer / 中国基层医药

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of laparoscopic radical operation for advanced colon cancer.Methods:From June 2015 to February 2019, 100 patients with advanced colon cancer diagnosed and treated in the People's Hospital of Xinzhou were randomly divided into two groups by coin toss method, with 50 cases in each group.The observation group received laparoscopic radical operation, while the control group received traditional laparotomy.The operation indicators, recovery after operation and the occurrence of the complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The bleeding volume and operation time of the observation group were (120.44±10.15)mL, (90.65±5.19)min, respectively, which of the control group were (154.69±15.44)mL and (130.66±4.18)min, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant( t=13.107, 42.454, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the number of lymphadenectomy( P>0.05). The postoperative recover eating time, postoperative recover exhaust time and hospitalization time in the observation group were (3.82±0.96)d, (3.01±0.26)d, (10.57±1.28)d, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(4.97±0.34)d, (3.99±0.12)d, (14.96±2.01)d], and the differences were statistically significant( t=7.984, 24.199, 13.026, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups( P>0.05). Conclusion:Laparoscopic radical operation for advanced colon cancer has the advantages of less bleeding, shorter operation time, faster postoperative recovery and better effect compared with open operation.

Neuron-antibody mediated movement disorders / 中华神经科杂志

Neuron-antibody mediated movement disorders are a class of movement disorders caused by abnormal immune responses to nerve auto-antigens,which could be paraneoplastic,infectious or idiopathic.The clinical manifestations of nervous system symptoms varied,and movement disorders can be used as part of various phenotypes,including chorea,dystonia,Parkinson's syndrome,myoclonus,stiffness syndrome,autoimmune encephalitis and cerebellar ataxia and so on.The clinical diagnosis of this disease is mainly based on the positive specific anti-central or peripheral nerve autoantibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid.The specificity of antibodies helps to predict associated cancer and its response to immunotherapy.Early and accurate diagnosis is very important because of the good therapeutic effect of early immunization.

A McLeod syndrome family and new novel XK gene mutation / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical and genetic features of McLeod syndrome caused by XK gene mutation.Methods The clinical data of a patient who came from the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in May 2017 and diagnosed as McLeod syndrome by gene detection were analyzed.Gene analysis was also carried out in his family to confirm the result.Results Acanthocytes in peripheral blood,systemic chorea symptom,and increased serum levels of creatine kinase were observed in this patient and his brother.The proband and his brother showed half mutations.One of the proband's sister was homozygous normal.The proband's mother,one of the proband's sister and the proband's daughter showed heterozygous mutations.The family analysis accorded with X-linked recessive inheritance trait.Genetic testing for mutations in the XK gene revealed a previously unreported hemizygous single base-pair frame shift deletion at exon 3 (c.1004G＞A).Conclusions A rare phenotype of a patient with McLeod syndrome is first described in mainland of China which was discovered coincidentally during routine blood group testing and consecutively genetically con fi rmed.One novel mutation in XK gene was found in the patient.For old male patient with multiple system disorders including dyskinetic movement disorders,cardiopathy,acanthocytes and elevated serum creatine kinase,a genetic test for XK gene mutation is highly suggested to confirm the McLeod syndrome.

Alterations in regional homogeneity of resting state brain activity in Parkinson's disease patients with depression / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of regional homogeneity ( ReHo) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with depression and their relationship with major depressive disorder.Methods A total of 42 PD patients without depression , 20 PD patients with depression, 20 major depressive disorder patients and 47 well-matched healthy controls were scanned with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging for ReHo analysis.The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ) and Hoehn-Yahr stage were used to assess the clinical symptoms , then the correlations between abnormal brain regions and clinical data were explored.Results ( 1 ) The main effect of Parkinson's disease: PD group showed higher ReHo in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and right precuneus, but lower ReHo in bilateral supplementary motor area and left angular gyrus.(2) The main effect of depression: The depression group had increased ReHo in bilateral cerebellum , and decreased ReHo in bilateral precentral gyrus , postcentral gyrus , left inferior frontal gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus , left supplementary motor area , right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , right inferior parietal gyrus and right calcarine.(3) Interactive effect of PD and depression : Interactive brain areas included bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal cortex and supramarginal gyrus.(4) The ReHo of the brain regions under main effect of depression including right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r＝-0.526, P＜0.01) and right inferior parietal gyrus ( r＝-0.456, P＜0.01) had significant negative correlation with HAMD scores. Conclusion PD patients with depression have abnormal brain function , and PD with depression is not simply an overlay of PD and major depressive disorder.

Study of non-motor symptoms in early stage newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of non-motor symptoms ( NMS) in early stage newly diagnosed Parkinson 's disease ( PD) patients in different age group and different subtypes .Methods Total 96 newly diagnosed PD patients without taking any drugs and 102 normal controls were collected in outpatient visits , and their clinic information and related scales were evaluated and compared .Results Ninety-one(93.83%) PD patients had at least one NMS, common symptoms were, in order, recent memory (70.83%,68 cases)、constipation (48.96%,47 cases)、attention dysfunction (47.92%,46 cases), and they were significantly higher than PD group (all P60 years old (P<0.01).The incidence of urgency in rigidity type was significantly higher than in tremor type(P<0.01).Conclusions NMS in patients with newly diagnosed PD are complex and diverse .The performance in different age groups and different clinical subtypes are also different .

Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a 2-years follow-up study on idiopathic / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To study the prevalence and progression of non-motor symptoms (NMS) during 2 years follow-up in idiopathic PD patients,and to investigate the relationship of NMS with quality of life and motor symptoms.Methods A total of 82 idiopathic PD patients were involved in the survey.Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire for Parkinson's disease (NMSQuest) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess non-motor symptoms.Results The NMS total scores were higher at the end of follow-up than at baseline [(11.97±5.54) vs.(9.45±5.13),r=0.620,P=0.007].The scores of 6 symptoms including daytime salivation,constipation,photism or auditory hallucination,depression,sleep walking or somniloquy,diplopia,and 4 syndromes including digestive system,hallucination and delusion,cardiovascular system and other system were significantly increased.The symptoms of hallucination and delusion,and the decrease of recent memory at baseline had significant correlations with the decline of quality of life and the aggravation of motor symptoms (r=0.625,0.578,P=0.016,0.035).Conclusions NMS present in the whole course of PD and show rapid changes.NMS have correlations with the decline of quality of life and the aggravation of motor symptoms.

A 2-year follow-up study on cognitive function of patients with Parkinson's disease / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the change and its related risk factors of cognitive function of patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods The cognitive function of 70 idiopathic PD patients were assessed with Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA),and other PD related neuropsychological test batteries were used to evaluate their movement symptoms and non-movement symptoms such as depression and anxiety.Patients' personal information were collected at the same time.They were reassessed after 2 years.Results As the disease progressed,the MoCA score of the PD patients significantly reduced from (24.79±4.07) points to (21.69±5.22) points (P＜0.01).Seven subdomains of MoCA were attenuated,and 5 of them reached statistical significance.Motor subtype was a main predictor of the outcome of the cognitive impairment in PD.Scores of MoCA total score,naming,language,abstract and directional domains reduced more notably in patients with postural instability gait difficulty(PIGD) than those in the tremor dominant(TD) patients.Conclusion Cognitive function of PD patients decreases obviously after 2 years.The patients' cognitive impairment should be identified and intervened as soon as possible,especially the patients with PIGD.

Expression of Topo-Ⅱ, GST-π in gastric cancer tissues and their significance / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To explore the expressions of Topo-Ⅱ,GST-π in gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa tissues,to reveal its relationship with clinical pathological features and significance.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect Topo-Ⅱ,GST-π expressions in 100 cases of gastric carcinoma and 20 cases of normal gastric mucosa,make a comprehensive analysis combined with clinical pathology data.Results There were significant difference of expression of Topo-Ⅱ,GST-π between the normal gastric mucosa tissues and gastric cancer of different degree of differentiation.Topo-Ⅱ positive expression rate of 5.0 ％ (1/20),100 ％ (30/30),96.7 ％ (29/30) and 87.5 ％ (35/40) respectively; GST-π positive expression rate were 60.0 ％ (12/20),83.3 ％ (24/30),96.7 ％ (29/30) and 100.0 ％ (40/40) respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of Topo-Ⅱ,GST-π in gastric cancer tissue were not relevant to patient' s sex,age,tumor location,infiltration depth (P ＞ 0.05).Topo-Ⅱ associated with the differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis of tumors,with the decreasing degree of tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis,Topo-Ⅱ expression also decreased.GST-π was associated with tumor diameter,degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis,the lower the degree of differentiation,lymph node metastasis,tumor diameter the more,GST-π expression increased (P ＜ 0.05).GST-π and Topo-Ⅱ were negative correlation and both expressed in gastric cancer tissue (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The expressions of Topo-Ⅱ in gastric cancer tissue is associated with the differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis of the tumor.GST-π is associated with tumor diameter,the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis.GST-π and Topo-Ⅱ in gastric cancer tissues are negatively correlated.

Research of flavonoids in the extract of traditional Chinese medicine Xiasangju / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To study the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine Xiasangju compound extract.MethodsThe ethanol extract of different organic solvent extraction,silica gel column chromatography,chromatography separation and purification technology for the separation of compounds,the structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral data.ResultsSix fiavonoid components were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract,respectively, kaempferol( Ⅰ ),quercetin( Ⅱ ),luteolin( Ⅲ ),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (Ⅳ),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside ( Ⅴ ) and rutin (Ⅵ).ConclusionThe obtained compounds were isolated from compound Xiasangju for the first time.

Evaluation of using Montreal Cognitive Assessment in patients with Parkinson' s disease with cognitive impairment / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To examine the application of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in Parkinson' s disease (PD) patients with normal general cognitive function by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) evaluation.Methods PD patients were examined with MMSE, and those having a normal ageand education-adjusted MMSE score were included in the further study of MoCA testing.The patients with MoCA score not less than 26 were selected into normal control PD-NC group, and the patients with less than 26 into cognitive impaired PD-CI group.Scores of MoCA subtests were used in PD-CI group and PD-NC group to characterize cognitive changes in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MoCA score in PD-CI group used as dependent variable, and sex, educational level, age, course of disease, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Self-rating depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Unified Parkinson' s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were used as independent variable, the risk factors of CI in PD patients was analysed by Linear Regression Analysis.Results There are 52.6% (112/213) PD patients with MMSE ≥ 26 while their MoCA < 26.Significant differences were observed in subtests of MoCA in visuospatial, executive, naming, attention,language, abstract, delayed recall and orientation between PD-CI group and PD-NC group (all P <0.01).Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that educational level is the most significant factor in PD-CI (OR:0.72, 95% CI 0.64-0.81, P < 0.05).Conclusions There is a high proportion of PD patients whose MMSE test showed normal but MoCA test showed cognitive impairment.MoCA examination was used to detect cognitive function of PD patients.Furthermore we suggest consider the education level in PD patients when evaluate their cognitive function.

Association between polymorphisms of PlARK16 gene and susceptibility to Parkinson's disease in Chinese Han population / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the association between PARK16 gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease(PD)susceptibility in Chinese Han population.and to analyze its single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)genotypes,frequencies and odds ratios(OR)of different genotypes.Methods The association between two SNP loci in PARK16 gene(Rs947211,Rs823128)and PD susceptibility was investigated by TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in 226 PD patients and 362 healthy controls.Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated by the Chi-square test,and the clinical data were also analyzed.Results Three genotypes of Rs947211(GG,AG and AA)account for 34.1%(77/226),46.0%(104/226),19.9%(45/226)in the PD group,and 23.8%(86/362),53.0%(192/362),23.2%(84/362)in the control group,respectively.There was significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).Setting the GG genotype as the reference,OR values of AG and AA genotype were 0.57(95%CI0.38-0.85,P=0.006)and 0.55(95%CI 0.34-0.85,P=0.015),while the OR value for exposure to the A allele(AA+AG)was 0.56(95%CI0.38-0.82,P=0.003).Genotypes of Iate-onset PD were also significantly different from the controls(OR valne of AG=0.46,95%CI 0.27-0.78,P=0.004:OR value of AA=0.35.95%CI 0.18-0.68,P=0.002).And there was no diffefence in clinical features among the 3 genotypes. The frequency of Rs823128, another locus, in PD group was not significantly different from the control group( AA genotype as the reference, OR value of AG was 1. 12, 95% CI 0. 75-1.68, P = 0.568; OR value of GG was 0.99, 95% CI 0.35-2.76, P = 0.994). Conclusion Polymorphism of PARK 16 locus Rs947211 is associated with PD patients in Chinese Han population.

Clinical feature of the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To survey the prevalence,distribution of non-motor symptoms(NMS)in different H-Y stage of Parkinson diseases(PD)and some correlative factors of NMS.Methods 169 patients with PD and 102 controls were involved in the survey.Parkinson diseases rating scale Ⅲ(UPDRS-Ⅲ)and Ⅴ(UPDRS-Ⅴ),Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire for Parkinson's disease(NMSQuest),Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale(PDSS)and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)were used to assess motor and non-motor symptoms.Results Most patients had non-motor symptoms (99.41%),including depressive symptoms(76.33%)and anxious symptoms(80.47%).The scores of HAMA,HAMD,PDSS and NMSQuest of patients were significant different from those of the controls.There were significant different between the different H-Y stages on the distribution and severity of NMS.The HAMA,the H-Y stage,PDSS,gender and MMSE had entered the regression equation.Conclusion NMS in PD are common and frequent.There are different clinical characteristics on the distribution and severity of NMS between the different H-Y stages.

Study on establishment of RP-HPLC and GC-MS fingerprints for wild germplasm resource of Ophiopogon japonicus in Sichuan and hierarchical clustering analysis / 中国中药杂志

The chromatographic fingerprint was established for evaluating and controlling the quality of germplasm resource of Ophiopogon japonicus in Sichuan Basin by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The results showed that each sample the characterized by the peak area of 28 HPLC peaks and 13 GC peaks in each program and these peaks were employed for hierarchical cluster analysis. Furthermore, the discrimination of the sample from different regions was achieved by hierarchical cluster analysis via recognizing the 16 (41 datamatrix. This was the first report of hierarchical cluster analysis of the wild germplasm resource of Ophiopogon japonicus according to their chemical fingerprints. Thus, the results proved it is a simple, rapid and accurate method suitable for the quality control of the traditional Chinese medicines.