Evaluation of anti-calculus efficacy. An SEM method of evaluating the effectiveness of pyrophosphate dentifrice on calculus formation.

A double-blind, cross-over study was carried out to assess the anti-calculus effectiveness of a pyrophosphate containing cleaning gel. 2 groups of 30 heavy calculus formers were followed up comparing conventional clinical scoring systems (Volpe-Manhold-Index and Marginal-Line-Calculus-Index) and micromorphologic SEM criteria of calculus formation and inhibition. The results indicated that after a 3-month period, there was a significant reduction of calculus formation compared to a placebo gel. The proposed SEM calculus index (SEMCI) objectively reflects the reduction of supragingival calculus formation.

[Inhibiting effect of a pyrophosphate-dentifrice on calculus formation]. / Zahnsteinbildungshemmung durch ein pyrophosphathaltiges Zahnputzgel.

Anticalculus dentifrices containing pyrophosphate salts have been shown to reduce calculus formation. The purpose of this double-blind, cross-over study was to compare the effects of a pyrophosphate dentifrice with a placebo on supragingival calculus formation in highly calculus-prone subjects. 60 volunteers completed a compliance period during which meticulous full-mouth scaling was performed. Subjects were randomly assigned either to placebo (F-Antibelag Gel) or to the test group (F-Antibelag Gel + K4P2O7/Na4P2O7). Participants were told to brush twice daily with their assigned dentifrice, use only the brushes provided and to abstain from any other oral hygiene procedures. After a three month period a second full-mouth scaling was performed, and according to the cross-over design of this study the participants used the alternative placebo or, respectively, dentifrice for another three months. Baseline scores and control scores after 1, 2 and 3 months were obtained using the Volpe-Manhold-Index and the Marginal-Line-Calculus-Index. A micromorphological SEM Calculus Index was introduced using replicas from interdental areas of mandibular incisors (score 0-3). Both test groups showed significantly less accumulation of supragingival calculus of 25.5% (VMI) and 19.5% (MLCI) and significantly less SEM detectable calculus (24%) with the pyrophosphate dentifrice than with the placebo. It is concluded that the test dentifrice inhibits the formation of calculus.

[Biological testing and clinical assessment of composite restorations]. / Biologische Prüfung und klinische Bewertung von Komposit-Füllungen.

The vital-microscopic acute pulp test in rat incisors did not show any toxic effects of the light-curing composite material Lux-a-fill, independent of the remaining dentin thickness. The clinically controlled 2-year study of restorations of cavity class I, III, IV and V have yielded good results in the front teeth region. In addition to the clinical study a micromorphological follow-up study of the surface morphology was performed in cavity class I, and small restorations have been found clinically acceptable after 2 years. Despite of the good results further medium term studies are needed for extended restorations in posterior teeth. The combination of biological application tests in an adequate animal experiment and highly standardized clinical studies is a important prerequisite for the introduction of new filling materials.

Cation-exchange in thiourea-hydrochloric acid solutions.

Ion-exchange distribution coefficients are reported for several transition and post-transition elements in solutions of hydrochloric acid (0.1-3.0M) and thiourea on AG50W resins. Some typical elution curves illustrate use of the systems with special reference to the separation of small amounts of gold, palladium, platinum, rhodium and iridium from large amounts of numerous base metals by using 1.5M hydrochloric acid-0.1M thiourea as eluent. Also illustrated is the use of a bromine-containing solution to strip thiourea complexes from a cation-exchange column.

[Clinical studies on the choleretic agent Febuprol (author's transl)]. / Klinische Untersuchungen über das Choleretikum Febuprol.

In previous pharmacological experiments with the choleretic agent Febuprol, healthy subjects showed a significant increase in bile flow and its constituents in the acute experiment. As a consequence of these results we have carried out a double-blind cross-over therapeutic trial with Febuprol in 50 patients with a cholecystopathic symptom complex. After a 14 days' treatment (3 capsules daily) a significant improvement of the typical symptoms (feeling of fullness, pressure in the upper abdomen, meteorism, constipation, flatulence and nausea after food) was recorded in these patients. Moreover a significant lowering of the serum cholesterol level was noteworthy.

[Investigation of the choleretic action of febuprol on healthy test subjects (author's transl)]. / Untersuchung der choleretischen Wirkung von Febuprol an gesunden Versuchspersonen

The choleretic effect of 3-butoxy-1-phenoxypropanol-(2), Febuprol (INN), was examined in healthy volunteer subjects. In a dose range from 50 to 200 mg, the total bile is dose-dependent and excretion is significantly increased. The excretion of the bile constituents bile acids, bilirubin, cholesterol and phospholipids is increased proportionally with the bile secretion. The lithogenic index remains unaltered.