The Antiproliferative Activity of a Mixture of Peptide and Oligosaccharide Extracts Obtained from Defatted Rapeseed Meal on Breast Cancer Cells and Human Fibroblasts.

Oligosaccharide and peptide extracts obtained separately from defatted rapeseed meal (DRM) have shown antiproliferative activities on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. However, oligosaccharide extracts were not tested on human fibroblasts and have low yields. The objective of the present study was to combine two antiproliferative extracts, the peptides and oligosaccharides, that were obtained independently with commercial enzymes from DRM, allowing improvement of the mass yield and antiproliferative activity. The DRM was solubilized in an alkaline medium to obtain an insoluble meal residue (IMR) and an alkaline extract (RAE). To produce the oligosaccharide extract from IMR, three enzymes and different enzyme/substrate ratios were used. The oligosaccharide extract (molecular weight <30 kDa) recovered with the commercial enzyme. Endogalacturonase showed an 80% inhibition on MCF-7 cells at 20 mg/mL. The combination of this oligosaccharide extract with the peptide extract (obtained with Alkalase 2.4 L from a RAE at 10 mg/mL) inhibited 84.3% of MCF-7 cells proliferation at a concentration of 20 mg/mL, exhibiting no cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts. The mass yield of the extract pool was 27.07% (based on initial DRM). It can be concluded that a mixture of antiproliferative extracts was produced from DRM which was selective against MCF-7 cells.

Involvement of Inflammation and Its Resolution in Disease and Therapeutics.

Inflammation plays a critical role in the response to and survival from injuries and/or infections. It occurs in two phases: initiation and resolution; however, when these events do not resolve and persist over time, the inflammatory response becomes chronic, prompting diseases that affect several systems and organs, such as the vasculature and the skin. Here, we reviewed inflammation that occurs in selected infectious and sterile pathologies. Thus, the immune processes induced by bacterial sepsis as well as T. cruzi and SARS-CoV-2 infections are shown. In addition, vaccine adjuvants as well as atherosclerosis are revised as examples of sterile-mediated inflammation. An example of the consequences of a lack of inflammation resolution is given through the revision of wound healing and chronic wounds. Then, we revised the resolution of the latter through advanced therapies represented by cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches, showing how they contribute to control chronic inflammation and therefore wound healing. Finally, new pharmacological insights into the management of chronic inflammation addressing the resolution of inflammation based on pro-resolving mediators, such as lipoxin, maresin, and resolvins, examining their biosynthesis, biological properties, and pharmacokinetic and pharmaceuticals limitations, are given. We conclude that resolution pharmacology and advanced therapies are promising tools to restore the inflammation homeostasis.

Aplicaciones clínicas de células madres derivadas de tejido adiposo y aspectos relacionados con buenas prácticas de manufactura / Clinical applications of adipose-derived stem cells and aspects related with good manufacturing practices

En la actualidad la terapia celular, a través de las aplicaciones clínicas de las células madres (stem cell, SC), ha adquirido importancia como tratamiento frente a enfermedades que involucran la reparación de tejidos u órganos, frente a las cuales el organismo no es capaz de responder adecuadamente. Un campo de reciente interés se centra en el uso de células madres derivadas de adipocitos (adipose-derived stem cells, ASCs), que presentan ventajas en comparación a las células madres mesenquimales derivadas de médula ósea (mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, MSC-BM), las que han sido ampliamente investigadas. Los múltiples estudios enfocados en las aplicaciones clínicas de este tipo celular han sido muy prometedores y satisfactorios, lo que ha permitido que recientemente hayan sido aprobadas por la Agencia Europea del Medicamento (EMA) para el tratamiento de fístulas complejas en enfermedad de Crohn. Como consecuencia de lo anterior, al igual que cualquier medicamento de uso humano, requieren de un sistema de normas que regule su producción, como son las Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM), cuyo objetivo es asegurar la eficacia y seguridad para los pacientes. En esta revisión se abordan aspectos relevantes en relación a las ventajas, aplicaciones clínicas y normas que rigen la producción de ASCs (AU)

Currently, cell therapy through the clinical use of stem cells (SC) has acquired relevance as a treatment for diseases involving tissue or organ repair, in which the organism is not able to properly respond. An area of recent interest is focused on the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) that exhibit advantages in comparison to the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-BM), which have been widely investigated. Multiple studies focused on the clinical applications of this type of cells have been promising and satisfying, which allowed their recent approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of complex fistulas in Crohn´s disease. In consequence, as for any human use medicine, they require a system of standards that regulate their production, as the good manufacturing practices (GMP), whose aim is to assure the efficacy and safety for the patients. This review addresses relevant aspects related to the advantages, clinical applications and standards that regulate ASCs production (AU)

Historia, presente y proyecciones de la Farmacopea / History, present and projections of the Pharmacopoeia

El término 'farmacopea' parece tener su origen en Grecia en el siglo II o III A.C y deriva de ϕαρµακον que significa hechizo, veneno o droga y πουεîν que significa hacer. Nace de la necesidad de disponer de un texto que estableciera normas y materiales de referencia para satisfacer los requerimientos de calidad, seguridad y eficacia de los productos farmacéuticos. En el transcurso de más de 500 años desde la aparición de las primeras farmacopeas, se generó trabajo en conjunto entre médicos y farmacéuticos, con predominio posterior del farmacéutico, armonización de los contenidos entre los diferentes textos, tanto nacionales como regionales para cubrir el mercado global. También se ha efectuado una actualización continua y modernización de los contenidos, transitando desde lo natural a lo químico y en la actualidad a lo químico-natural-biológico, en conjunto hoy en día con la incorporación de nuevas y sofisticadas metodologías que generan monografías, más modernas y completas

The term 'pharmacopoeia' seems to have originated in Greece in the second or third century B.C., and is derived from φαρµακον, which means ‘spell, poison or drugs’, and πουεîν that means ‘making’. This text was born from the need of a text to establish standards and reference materials to meet quality requirements, safety and efficacy for pharmaceutics. For over 500 years since the appearance of the first pharmacopoeias, there has been joint collaborative work between physicians and pharmacists, later with larger participation of pharmacists, and efforts for harmonization among various national and regional pharmacopeias to be inclusive of the global market. In addition, a continuous update and modernization of the contents has been carried out, moving from the natural to the chemical and currently to the chemical, natural and biological, together with the addition of innovative methodologies giving rise to today’s more modern and comprehensive current pharmacopeial monographs