RESUMO
In 2010, 41 patients ill with Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates determined to be indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were identified among residents of five Southwestern U.S. states. A majority of patients reported consuming complimentary samples of aged raw-milk Gouda cheese at national warehouse chain store locations; sampling Gouda cheese was significantly associated with illness (odds ratio, 9.0; 95 % confidence interval, 1.7 to 47). Several Gouda samples yielded the O157:H7 outbreak strain, confirming the food vehicle and source of infections. Implicated retail food-sampling operations were inconsistently regulated among affected states, and sanitation deficiencies were common among sampling venues. Inspection of the cheese manufacturer indicated deficient sanitation practices and insufficient cheese curing times. Policymakers should continue to reexamine the adequacy and enforcement of existing rules intended to ensure the safety of raw-milk cheeses and retail food sampling. Additional research is necessary to clarify the food safety hazards posed to patrons who consume free food samples while shopping.
Assuntos
Queijo/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leite/microbiologia , Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) is synthesized by two groups of neurons, one in the subparafascicular area at the caudal end of the thalamus and the other in the medial paralemniscal nucleus within the lateral brainstem. The subparafascicular TIP39 neurons project to a number of brain regions involved in emotional responses, and these regions contain a matching distribution of a receptor for TIP39, the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2-R). We have now evaluated the involvement of TIP39 in anxiety-related behaviors using mice with targeted null mutation of the TIP39 gene (Tifp39). Tifp39(-/-) mice (TIP39-KO) did not significantly differ from wild-type (WT) littermates in the open field, light/dark exploration and elevated plus-maze assays under standard test conditions. However, the TIP39-KO engaged in more active defensive burying in the shock-probe test. In addition, when tested under high illumination or after restraint, TIP39-KO displayed significantly greater anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze than WT. In a Pavlovian fear-conditioning paradigm, TIP39-KO froze more than WT during training and during tone and context recall but showed normal fear extinction. Disruption of TIP39 projections to the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hypothalamus and amygdala likely account for the fear- and anxiety-related phenotype of TIP39-KO. Current data support the hypothesis that TIP39 modulates anxiety-related behaviors following environmental provocation.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/genética , Química Encefálica/genética , Medo/fisiologia , Neuropeptídeos/genética , Estresse Psicológico/genética , Animais , Transtornos de Ansiedade/metabolismo , Transtornos de Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Tronco Encefálico/metabolismo , Tronco Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Sistema Límbico/metabolismo , Sistema Límbico/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Vias Neurais/metabolismo , Vias Neurais/fisiopatologia , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Tálamo/metabolismo , Tálamo/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Glutationa Transferase/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Farmacogenética , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Little research is available on the muscle activity patterns of the lower extremity muscles during dynamic closed chain squatting activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lower extremity position during an Olympic squat on the muscle activity patterns of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, semimembranosus/semitendinosus, and biceps femoris. Twenty-five healthy, untrained subjects, 18-35 years old, were randomly assigned initial squatting positions of either self-selected neutral or 30 degrees of lower extremity turn-out from the self-selected neutral position. Surface electromyography and motion analysis data were collected simultaneously in 10 degrees intervals and analyzed from 10-60 degrees of knee flexion in both the ascending and descending phases of the squat. A four-way analysis of variance indicated that the main effect of lower extremity position and the interaction of extremity position and knee joint angles were not found to cause significant changes in muscle activity patterns. Significant changes in muscle activity did occur with changes in knee flexion angles in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis but not in the semimembranosus/semitendinosus or biceps femoris.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Articulação do Joelho/fisiologia , Perna (Membro)/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Cinética , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
We report two cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity and pulmonary hypertension seen at our institution and present a comprehensive literature review and available histopathologic findings of the association between HIV seropositivity and pulmonary hypertension. Studies and reviews pertaining to HIV seropositivity and pulmonary hypertension were identified through a MEDLINE search and reference citations. All studies and series found in the MEDLINE search were reviewed and are discussed in this article. Where data were available, comparisons and analyses were made between groups of reported cases of HIV seropositivity and pulmonary hypertension with regard to the following parameters: sex distribution, mode of acquiring HIV infection, presence or absence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, CD4 cell counts, PO2 or oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry, concurrent lower respiratory tract infection, and histopathologic features. We conclude that there is strong evidence for pulmonary hypertension associated with HIV infection that is histologically indistinguishable from primary pulmonary hypertension. Consequently, HIV-seropositive patients with unexplained dyspnea should be evaluated for primary pulmonary hypertension. Prospective studies in HIV-positive patients are indicated.
Assuntos
Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Adulto , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV/sangue , Soropositividade para HIV/transmissão , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/sangue , Hipertensão Pulmonar/patologia , Oximetria , Oxigênio/sangue , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Distribuição por SexoAssuntos
1-Naftilamina/análogos & derivados , Transtornos de Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/epidemiologia , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , 1-Naftilamina/uso terapêutico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Humanos , Transtorno de Pânico/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno de Pânico/epidemiologia , Prevalência , SertralinaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyze the organizational development and implementation of an interdisciplinary health promotion project at the University of New Mexico. The effort involved three academic units in a 3-year externally funded project to institutionalize health promotion curricula in the respective schools and to develop a wellness-oriented service for students, faculty, and staff. METHODS: The open systems theory was used as a framework to analyze the organizational and role issues that emerged from the data collected through interviews, staff surveys, and document review. The analysis is summarized by five thematic questions: (1) How did the project's vision affect its development? (2) How was leadership enacted, and with what effect? (3) What were the organizational issues for the staff? (4) What were the interdisciplinary dilemmas? (5) What was instituted or changed as a result of the project? RESULTS: The analysis uncovered a series of interpersonal and organizational dilemmas involving the nature of the organizational environment, the character of interdisciplinary work, leadership, boundaries of group membership, and the structuring of a unified vision. CONCLUSIONS: Future projects should consider the strength and stability of the boundary spanners, the resource context, and the role of a unified vision for new and organizationally linked units as key issues in facilitating and sustaining change.
Assuntos
Implementação de Plano de Saúde/organização & administração , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Equipes de Administração Institucional/organização & administração , Inovação Organizacional , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Serviços de Saúde para Estudantes/organização & administração , Modelos Organizacionais , New Mexico , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Educação de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem/organização & administração , Reeducação Profissional/organização & administração , Currículo , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem/normas , Reeducação Profissional/normas , Humanos , New Mexico , Política Organizacional , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
There is a need for an improved test to assess the integrity of the ACL, especially following injury during athletic competition. Early intervention of acute ACL tears has been limited by the inability to obtain accurate initial evaluations. The following modification of the Lachman test is characterized by improved thigh stabilization, the assessment of anterior translation with an accurate endfeel, and its use as an acute on-field assessment technique. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1990;11(8):372-373.
RESUMO
The diagnosis "brief reactive psychosis" leaves little implied in the way of etiology or treatment approach. Three case histories are presented to illustrate the term, followed by brief summaries of the major dynamics involved. The older diagnostic term "hysterical psychosis" is discussed, and a parallel is drawn between this form of brief reactive psychosis and others so that they may be psychodynamically understood and that treatment may be rationally based upon this model.