Trends in the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in forestlands in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality from 2009 to 2023 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the changes in distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in forestlands in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality from 2009 to 2023, so as to provide insights into formulation of O. hupensis snail surveillance programs. Methods The reports on O. hupensis snail surveillance in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality from 2009 to 2023 were collected, and the snail surveillance data in forestlands were extracted. The trends in the proportion of areas with snails in forestlands in total areas with snails, occurrence of frames with living snails and density of living snails were evaluated using a Joinpoint regression model in Songjiang District from 2009 to 2023, and the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Results A total of 40 sites with snails were found in forestlands in 14 administrative villages of 4 townships, Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality from 2009 to 2023. A total of 39 065 frames were surveyed for snails in settings covering an area of 609 600 m2, and there were 6 084 frames with snails, covering 151 250 m2 snail habitats. A total of 22 210 snails were captured, with the highest density of 260.00 snails/0.1 m2, and 6 262 snails were dissected, with no Schistosoma japonicum infection identified in snails. The proportion of areas with snails in forestlands in total areas with snails appeared a tendency towards a rise in forestlands in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality from 2009 to 2023 (APC = AAPC = 24.9%, P > 0.05); however, there were no turning points in the trend curve, with the highest proportion seen in 2009 (53.81%), the lowest in 2011 and 2023 (both 0) and a mean proportion of 24.81%. The occurrence of frames with living snails appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2009 to 2023 (APC = AAPC = 41.5%, P > 0.05); however, there were no turning points in the trend curve, with the highest occurrence in 2009 (53.81%), the lowest in 2011 and 2013 (both 0), and the mean occurrence of 15.57%. In addition, the density of living snails appeared a tendency towards a rise from 2009 to 2023 (APC = AAPC = 55.0%, P > 0.05); however, there were no turning points in the trend curve, with the highest density in 2023 (0.96 snails/0.1 m2), the lowest in 2011 and 2013 (both 0), and a mean density of 0.57 snails/0.1 m2. Conclusions The difficulty in O. hupensis snail control and risk of imported snails appeared a tendency towards a rise in forestlands in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality over years from 2009 to 2023. Supervision and assessment prior to seedling transplantation and intensified surveillance post-transplantation are recommended to reduce the risk of O. hupensis snail importation and spread.

Surveillance and trend analysis of snails in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2007 to 2023 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the monitoring results and trends of Oncomelania in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2007 to 2023， and to provide reference for future monitoring work. MethodsThe data of snail monitoring in Songjiang District from 2007 to 2023 were collected， including the location of snail spots， the number of survey frames， the area with snails， the number of frames with snails， the total number of snails， etc. The density of living snails and the occurrence rate of living snail frames were calculated. ResultsFrom 2007 to 2023， a total of 158 snail spots were found in 22 administrative villages in 4 towns in Songjiang District， including 131 emerging snail habitats （82.91%） and 27 reemerging snail habitats （17.09%）. The total snail area was 175 980 m2， the number of snail frames was 10 061， and 33 302 snails were captured. The highest density was 260/0.11 m2， and 15 662 snails were dissected. No positive snails were found. The average density of living snails was 0.60/0.11 m2 and the average occurrence rate of living snail frames was 17.99%. The snail areas in different areas were Yexie Town 126 000 m2 （71.60%）， Maogang Town 26 470 m2 （15.04%）， Xinbang Town 17 040 m2 （9.68%）， and Shihudang Town 6 470 m2 （3.68%）. The average density of living snails in different areas was 0.89/0.11 m2 in Yexie Town， 0.65/0.11 m2 in Maogang Town， 0.26/0.11 m2 in Shihudang Town and 0.24/0.11 m2 in Xinbang Town. The snail areas of different snail habitats were as follows： woodland 151 250 m2（85.95%）， river 13 810 m2（7.85%）， ditch 6 910 m2（3.93%）， farmland 4 010 m2（2.28%）. The average density of living snails in different snail habitats： ditch 1.01/0.11 m2， beach 0.86/0.11 m2， woodland 0.57/0.11 m2， river 0.40/0.11 m2. The occurrence rate of living snail frames in different regions and different snail environment types showed a downward trend and the difference was statistically significant. ConclusionAlthough the snail monitoring indicators such as snail area， average living snail density and average living snail frame occurrence rate in Songjiang District are still at its historically low level， the average living snail density and average living snail frame occurrence rate are still high compared with other regions or the national average. We should focus on the upper reaches and tributaries of the Huangpu River， especially the key areas of seedling transplantation， and strengthen monitoring and supervision to reduce the risk of snail input.

Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2022 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo characterize the prevalence and epidemic situation of imported malaria cases in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2022， and to provide evidence for malaria prevention and control. MethodsRelated data were collected and analyzed， including malaria cases， blood testing of febrile patients， and mosquito surveillance in Songjiang from 2013 to 2022. ResultsA total of 13 002 febrile patients in Songjiang were tested for plasmodium parasites from 2013 to 2022， among which 18 malaria cases were confirmed， including 17 cases of falciparum malaria and 1 case of ovale malaria. Moreover， a total of 36 malaria cases were notified in Songjiang through the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System from 2013 to 2022， including cases reported from Songjiang District and other districts or provinces with physical addresses in Songjiang. Of them， there were 31 cases of falciparum malaria， 2 cases of vivax malaria， 2 cases of ovale malaria and 1 case of quartan malaria. The gender ratio of male to female cases was 17∶1， and the majority was young and middle aged. In addition， 35 cases were imported from Africa and 1 case from southeast Asia； 34 cases were migrant workers， and 2 cases were travellers abroad； 17 cases were found and reported in Songjiang， 15 cases were reported from other districts of Shanghai， and 4 cases were reported from other provinces； 27 cases were treated in Shanghai， 3 cases were treated in other provinces and 6 cases were treated with self-provided antimalarial drugs. Mosquito surveillance in Songjiang showed that density of Anopheles sinensis was extremely low. ConclusionNo indigenous malaria case has been notified in Songjiang since 2008. Malaria surveillance on migrant workers remains the focus of malaria prevention and control. Furthermore， achievement of malaria elimination in Songjiang should be continually enhanced to avoid potential further transmission of imported malaria.

Clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients of long course of illness infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported in the last two years. A few studies reported clinical course of illness of median 22 days, including viral shedding of median 20 days, but there are several cases with a longer time of viral shedding. In this study, we included four cases with a longer illness course of more than 40 days who had been discharged or still in hospital by March 15, 2020. Demographic, clinical treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records. We described the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and the course of viral shedding. Two patients had comorbidity, one with hypertension and the other with diabetes. We found smoking was not an independent risk factor. D-dimer maybe related to the severity of illness but not to the course of the illness. Nucleic acid detection suggested that maybe more sampling sites represented more virus replication sites and longer course of illness. In this study we found some non-critical severe relatively young patients whose character was different from former studies described to provide a basis for reference to assess the risk of transmission and the isolation duration of patients.

Spatial and temporal distribution of Aedes albopictus monitored by mosq-ovitrap in Songjiang District of Shanghai in 2018—2020 / 上海预防医学

Objective Based on mosq-ovitrap monitoring method of Aedes albopictus， to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of Aedes albopictus in Songjiang District and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods From May to October， 2018‒2020， density of Aedes albopictus was monitored by using the mosq-ovitrap method. Sub-districts and towns were used as the monitoring units and the difference in mosquito ovitrap index （MOI） was compared by seasons， years and habitats. Results The total number of positive mosquito ovitraps was 1049 in 2018‒2020， and the average MOI was 8.10. Four sub-districts/towns in the urban area and the northern area had the relatively high MOIs. Moreover， MOIs in residential and external environments were higher than other habitats. In addition， MOI of Aedes albopictus decreased over years from 2018 to 2020. Conclusion Aedes albopictus is widely distributed in Songjiang District. Although the number of mosquito decreased over years after the implementation of mosquito control measures， reproduction of mosquito remains excessive in some areas and seasons. It is necessary to perform targeted control measures based on comprehensive monitoring methods.

The research progress on the effect of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea on cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral microvascular disease / 中国医师杂志

Cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD) refers to the syndrome of clinical, cognitive, imaging and pathological manifestations caused by intracranial small vascular lesions (intracranial arterioles, arterioles, capillaries and venules, etc.). The course of the disease is hidden, and the clinical is often lack of specificity, of which cognitive impairment is the most common. In recent years, it has been found that obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) is one of the high risk factors of CSVD, which can aggravate the progress of cognitive impairment. This article will review the mechanism of the effect of OSAHS on cognitive impairment in CSVD.

Unraveling the sources and fluorescence compositions of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM) in Lake Taihu, China.

Organic matter (OM), a complex entity with diverse functional groups and molecular sizes, has important effects on aquatic systems. We studied the optical compositions and sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) in Lake Taihu, a large, shallow and eutrophic lake in China. Significant differences in optical compositions and sources occurred between the POM and DOM. The temporal-spatial distribution of the fluorescence indices suggested that the POM in Lake Taihu was mainly from autochthonous sources, but more exogenous characteristics were shown in POM in the river mouths compared with other regions. The chromophoric DOM in Lake Taihu mainly displayed autochthonous characteristics. The POM-DOM PARAFAC model was used to examine OM optical composition and five components were identified, which contained three protein-like components (C1, C2, and C5), a microbial humic-like component (C3), and a terrestrial humic-like component (C4). The POM was dominated by C5 in summer and autumn and C3 in winter and spring, and the DOM was dominated by protein-like components (C1, C2, and C5) through the entire year. The algae-dominated region had a relative higher contribution of tryptophan-like components of POM compared with the macrophyte-dominated region. A conceptual model based on the theory of "four phases of cyanobacteria bloom development" was proposed to fully describe the relationship between POM-DOM exchanges and cyanobacteria bloom development.

Requirements and Countermeasures of Electromagnetic-compatibility for Medical Electrical Equipment / 中国医疗器械杂志

This article elaborates electromagnetic compatibility of medical electrical equipment and the regulatory tests based on related standards. And elaborating the diversity and the necessity of rectification by specific cases and deeply discussing and summing up for improving the compatibility of medical electrical equipment.

Reasons for accidental extubation on infants mechanical ventilation and optimization research of intervention countermeasures / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the reasons for accidental extubation in infants during mechanical ventilation and to explore effective intervention countermeasures.Methods A total of 148 infants with accidental extubation from May 2013 to February 2014 who given routine nursing care were selected as control group.Another 152 infants with accidental extubation in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) who given optimization nursing care from March to December 2014 were selected as observation group.Retrospective analysis of accidental extubation,artificial airway way and intervention care were conducted.Results The total intratracheal tube time was 283 d in control group and 253 d in observation group.Nineteen cases (6.7％) suffered accidental exudation in control group and that of 8 cases(3.2％) in observation group,and there was significant difference between two groups,x2=5.25,P＜0.05.The primary reason of unplanned extubation was that infants with unconsciousness,the second cause was the improper catheter fixed.The third cause was the patient's comfort level and so on the improper nursing operation leading to accidental extubation too short or too shallow.Conclusion Infants given mechanical ventilation should pay more attention to the intervention of accidental extubation,appropriate calm,physical constraints and correct fixed pipeline.

Application of Brief ICF Core Sets for Chinese Stroke Patients in Rehabilitation Assessment / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the application of Brief ICF Core Sets for Chinese Stroke Patients in rehabilitation assessment for patients with stroke. Methods 180 patients with stroke accepted routine rehabilitation for 2 months, and were assessed with ICF core set, Barthel Index (BI), Functional Comprehensive Assessment (FCA) and WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS II) before, 2 and 6 months after treatment. Results The score of BI, FCA and WHODAS II correlated with that of ICF core sets (P<0.05). Conclusion ICF core sets can be used as a tool to assess the function of patients with stroke.

Application of Brief ICF Core Sets for Chinese Stroke Patients in Rehabilitation Assessment / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the application of Brief ICF Core Sets for Chinese Stroke Patients in rehabilitation assessment for patients with stroke. Methods 180 patients with stroke accepted routine rehabilitation for 2 months, and were assessed with ICF core set, Barthel Index (BI), Functional Comprehensive Assessment (FCA) and WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS II) before, 2 and 6 months after treatment. Results The score of BI, FCA and WHODAS II correlated with that of ICF core sets (P<0.05). Conclusion ICF core sets can be used as a tool to assess the function of patients with stroke.

Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Lumbar Disc Herniation / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the effects of proprioceptive training on lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods 50 patients with LDH were divided into experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25). Both groups received physiotherapy and core stability exer-cise, and the experimental group received proprioceptive training with BIODEX Balanced System in addition. They were assessed with the Visual Analogous Scale (VAS) of pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and posture stability and limits of stability of BIODEX Balanced System. The incidence of relapse was followed up in a year. Results The scores of VAS, ODI, posture stability and limits of stability im-proved in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and the ODI, posture stability and limits of stability improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). There were 5 cases relapsed in the control group, and 2 cases in the experimental group. Conclu-sion The proprioceptive training may further improve the function of lower back, and motor control in patients with LDH, and prevent the re-lapse.

Psychological rehabilitation of paraplegic patients with spinal fracture / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the effects of psychological rehabilitation in the treatment of paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods A hundred paraplegic spinal fracture survivors were divided into a research group and a control group with 50 cases in each.Systematic rehabilitation was given to the patients in the control group,while this was combined with individualized psychological rehabilitation protocols for the patients in the research group.The daily treatment lasted 10 weeks,6 days a week.All of the patients were assessed with the Barthel index (BI),a functional independence measure (FIM),the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) pre-treatment and post-treatment.Results Before the intervention there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in any of the assessments.After ten weeks the average BI,FIM,HAMD and HAMA results in the research group were significantly better than those pre-treatment and also significantly better than those in the control group.Conclusions Psychological rehabilitation can distinctly improve the functioning and psychological state of paraplegic patients after SCI.

Assessment of left ventricular function by emergency physicians using echocardiography / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To determine the capability of emergency physicians (EPs) after goaldirected training to make accurate judgement and assessment of left ventricular systolic function (LVSF) as they own manipulated the hand-held echocardiography.Methods Eighty-one patients with acute dyspneic symptom admitted into emergency department of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai qaotong University School of Medicine from November 2011 to February 2012 were enrolled for a prospective,observational study.Patients with a history of trauma or acute myocardial infarction diagnosed by electrocardiogram were excluded.Four EPs after a intensive course of goal-oriented training in a good command of trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) in 81 emergency patients using hand-held echocardiography.EPs attempted to obtain images at the parasternal (long and short axis),apical,and subcostal positions,and visually estimated left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and categorized LVSF as normal function,mild or moderate or severely depressed function.The results of echocardiographic LVEF got by EPs were compared quntitatively with those measured by an professional echocardiographer.The kappa statistical test by using SPSS version 13.0 software was used to allow for comparison in agreement between EPs and the professional echocardiographer's interpretations of TTE findings.Results Using the results of TTE measured by the professional echocardiographer as agold standard,EPs correctly distinguished the normal LVSF from decreased LVSF in 89％ patients.The rate of positive predictive value for the EPs identifying any abnormality in LV function was 83％ and the rate of negative predictive value was 93％.The kappa coefficient for the agreement between EPs and the professional echocardiographer' s interpretations for any abnormality in LV function was 0.77 (95％ CI:0.70-0.84,P ＜ 0.01).EPs correctly placed LV function into one of three categories in 68 of 81 cases (84％),The kappa coefficient for the agreement was 0.71 (95％ CI:0.64-0.78,P ＜0.01).Conclusions Emergency physicians after a intensive course of training in mastering echocardiography can accurately determine the left ventricular systolic function.

Seed quality test methods of Oldenlandia diffusa / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the testing methods for seed quality, and provide basis for establishing seed testing rules and seed quality standard of Oldenlandia diffusa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to the related seed testing regulations, the seed quality of O. diffusa from different producing areas was measured.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>The testing methods for seed of O. diffusa was established, including sampling, purity analysis, weight per 1 000 seeds, seed moisture content, seed viability and percentage germination.</p>

Quality classification criteria of Oldenlandia diffusa seeds / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the quality classification criteria of Oldenlandia diffusa seeds.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty batches of O. diffusa seeds from different provenances with different collecting time were selected. And the seed germination percentage, seed purity, weight per 1 000 grains, moisture content and seed viability were determined and analyzed through SPSS 11.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>Seed germination percentage was selected as the main index for classification, while seed purity, weight per 1 000 grains and moisture content could be used as references. The quality classification criteria of O. diffusa seeds have been initially established.</p>

Magnetic resonance imaging outcomes of double filtration plasmapheresis combined with immunosuppressive agents in patients with high active rheumatoid arthritis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) combined with immunosuppressive agents (leflunomide plus methotrexate) on synovitis in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with high active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Fifty eight patients with RA (disease duration 6 months to 12 years) were randomly divided. Thirty-one were randomized to the treatment group and 27 were randomized to the control group. All patients received leflunomide 10 mg, two times daily; plus methotrexate 15 mg orally once weekly. DFPP was performed in the treatment group once 1-2 weeks for 3-4 sessions. Control patients did not receive DFPP. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced MRI of the right wrist at the baseline and 6 months, 1 month in the treatment group. The signs including synovitis pannus, bone marrow edema and effusion were observed on MRI. The scoring of synovial hypertrophy, pannus, bone marrow edema were measured according to the outcome measures in RA MRI scoring system. Comparisons between groups were performed with paired-samples t test and independent-sample t test. Results The MRI synovitis score, MRI pannus score and MRI bone marrow edema in the treatment group was (1.4±1.6), (0.13± 0.35) and (5±4) respectively,so was significantly lower than that of the control group [respectively for (7.9± 1.3), (2.76±0.43), (16±12),P<0.01]. 53% of the treatment group satisfied both the disease activity score 28-joint assessment and MRI synovitis assessment (no enhancement of synovium or pannus, no effusion), but none in the control group (P<0.01). Significant changes at 1 month was observed in DAS28 and HAQ scores (P<0.01), but not in the MRI synovitis score, MRI pannus score, MRI bone marrow edema score and effusion in the treatment group (P>0.05). Conclusion DFPP combined with immunosuppressive agents can significantly improve synovitis in MRI in patients with high active RA. Improvement of the signs of MRI is later than that in the clinic. So imaging assessment may be necessary for accurate evaluation of disease status and selection of therapy.

Simultaneous determination of five lignans in Schisandra chinensis by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a HPLC quantitative method for determination of schisandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyschisandrin and gamma-schisandrin in Fructus Schisandrae.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used with methanol (A) and water (B) as mobile phases, in gradient elution. The gradient program was as follows: 0-36 min, changed from 60% A to 66% A, 36-65 min, to 80% A, 65-70 min, kept for 80% A, 70-75 min, to 100% A. The flow rate was 0.5 mL x min(-1) and detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linearities of schisandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyschisandrin and gamma-schisandrin were in the ranges of 0.0214. 160 (r = 0.9999), 0.020-4.000 (r = 0.9999), 0.021-4.240 (r = 0.9999), 0.020-3.960 (r = 0.9999) and 0.021-4.200 (r = 0.9999). The average recoveries were 104.8%, 104.2%, 102.7%, 104.6%, 104.5%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method developed in this study was reliable, and can be used for the quality control of the fruits of S. chinensis.</p>

Effect of double filtration plasmapheresis in refractory rheumatoid arthritis / 中国综合临床

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) in the treatment of patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Eighty-two patients were randomly aesigned,42 to the DFPP group and 40 to the no-DFPP group. All patients previously experienced an incomplete response to 2-3 dis-ease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and 1-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or predni-sene. All patients received sulphasalazine (SASP,0.75 g three times daily) plus methotrexate (MTX, 10 mg orally once weekly). DFPP was performed once a week for 2-3 sessions. A total of 121 plasmapheresis procedures were per-formed in 42 patients. Control patients did not receive sham DFPP. The efficacy measures recorded one day after the final treatment and latest month in follow up for 12～24 months included the American College of Rheumatology 20% ,50% ,and 70% improvement criteria (ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70), the Health Assessment Questionnaire estimate of disability (HAQ); and the disease activity index. Results Patients in the DFPP group had ACR 20, ACR 50 and ACR 70 improvements of 100% ,92.9% and 81.0%,as compared with the patients in no-DFPP group 17.5% ,0,and 0 (P<0.001). Significant change from baseline was observed in HAQ scores in the DFPP group but not in the no-DFPP group (P<0.001). The changes from baseline in the disease activity scores were significantlygreater than in the no-DFPP group (P<0.001). Conclusion DFPP therapy significantly alters the signs and symp-toms of refractory RA. There are significant increases in physical function and improvement in quality of life.

Monitoring of Medical Order of Drug Use by PASS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To recommend a monitoring system,Prescription Automatic Screening System(PASS)for rational drug use in clinic in order to improve the rationality of drug use.METHODS:1 200 hospitalization case files were randomly selected,96 800 medical orders of medications were monitored by PASS,and the results were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The total rate of irrational drug use was 2.28%,among which the drug interaction counted for 88.46%and drug incompatibility 11.54%.CONCLUSION:PASS can efficiently monitor the irrational drug use in medical order,hence prevent and reduce adverse drug reactions,therefore it should be widely used in clinic.However,PASS has some limits and needs further improvement.