RESUMO
The aim of this study was to generate a reference set of Salmonella enterica genomes isolated from wildlife from the United States and to determine the antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profile of the isolates from the genome sequence data. We sequenced the whole genomes of 103 Salmonella isolates sampled between 1988 and 2003 from wildlife and exotic pet cases that were submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Stillwater, Oklahoma. Among 103 isolates, 50.48% were from wild birds, 0.9% was from fish, 24.27% each were from reptiles and mammals. 50.48% isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. Resistance against the aminoglycoside streptomycin was most common while 9 isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant having resistance against more than three antibiotics. Determination of virulence gene profile revealed that the genes belonging to csg operons, the fim genes that encode for type 1 fimbriae and the genes belonging to type III secretion system were predominant among the isolates. The universal presence of fimbrial genes and the genes encoded by pathogenicity islands 1-2 among the isolates we report here indicates that these isolates could potentially cause disease in humans. Therefore, the genomes we report here could be a valuable reference point for future traceback investigations when wildlife is considered to be the potential source of human Salmonellosis.
RESUMO
This study charted 237 fatal cases of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) observed from May 2002 to May 2003 in a single Oklahoma feed yard. Postmortem lung samples were used for agent identification and histopathology. Late in the study, 94 skin samples (ear notches) were tested for Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bovine respiratory disease morbidity was 14.7%, and the mortality rate of all causes was 1.3%, with more than half (53.8%) attributed to BRD (0.7% total of all causes). The agents isolated were the following: Mannheimia haemolytica (25.0%), Pasteurella multocida (24.5%), Histophilus somni (10.0%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (35.0%), Salmonella spp. (0.5%), and Mycoplasma spp. (71.4%). Viruses recovered by cell culture were BVDV-1a noncytopathic (NCP; 2.7%), BVDV-1a cytopathic (CP) vaccine strain (1.8%), BVDV-1b NCP (2.7%), BVDV-2a NCP (3.2%), BVDV-2b CP (0.5%), and Bovine herpesvirus 1 (2.3%). Gel-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were 4.6% positive for Bovine respiratory syncytial virus and 10.8% positive for Bovine coronavirus. Bovine viral diarrhea virus IHC testing was positive in 5.3% of the animals. The mean values were determined for the treatment data: fatal disease onset (32.65 days), treatment interval (29.15 days), number of antibiotic treatments (2.65), number of different antibiotics (1.89), and day of death (61.81 days). Lesions included the following: 1) duration: acute (21%), subacute (15%), chronic (40.2%), healing (2.8%), normal (18.1%), and autolyzed (2.8%); 2) type of pneumonia: lobar bronchopneumonia (LBP; 27.1%), LBP with pleuritis (49.1%), interstitial pneumonia (5.1%), bronchointerstitial pneumonia (1.4%), septic (0.9%), embolic foci (0.5%), other (2.8%), normal (10.3%), and autolyzed (2.8%); and 3) bronchiolar lesions: bronchiolitis obliterans (39.7%), bronchiolar necrosis (26.6%), bronchiolitis obliterans/bronchiolar necrosis (1.4%), other bronchiolar lesions (6.5%), and bronchiolar lesion negative (25.7%). Statistically significant relationships were present among the agents, lesions, and the animal treatment, disease onset, and mortality data. Clinical illnesses observed in this study were lengthier than those reported 16-20 years ago, based on fatal disease onset, treatment interval, and day of death.
Assuntos
Complexo Respiratório Bovino/mortalidade , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Pneumonia/veterinária , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Complexo Respiratório Bovino/tratamento farmacológico , Complexo Respiratório Bovino/patologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Abrigo para Animais , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Viroses/mortalidade , Viroses/veterináriaRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 70) from 65 patients (36 canine, 18 equine, 7 bovine, 2 avian, and 2 feline) at seven veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States were studied. The majority of patients (83%) with an S. aureus infection were canine and equine, but this may have reflected a sample bias based on clinic case loads and diagnostic lab submissions at the participating institutions. Fourteen percent of patients with an S. aureus infection were infected with a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolate. Six of seven institutions had at least one MRSA infection during the study. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on 63 of the 70 isolates yielded 58 unique strains of S. aureus. None of the strain types of the MRSA isolates matched each other or the type of any other S. aureus isolate. The proportions of patients infected with an MRSA isolate were not significantly different between institutions or animal species (P > or = 0.222). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates in this study seemed to be community acquired rather than hospital acquired.
Assuntos
Hospitais Veterinários , Hospitais de Ensino , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Animais , Gatos , Bovinos , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Cavalos , Humanos , Resistência a Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Between 1994 and 2002, a total of 390 (46.3%) Mannheimia haemolytica, 292 (34.7%) Pasteurella multocida, and 160 (19.0%) Histophilus somni were isolated at the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from lungs from 6-18-month-old beef cattle with pneumonia. The ratio of M. haemolytica isolations to P. multocida isolations decreased from 3.1 in 1994 to 0.8 in 2000 while increasing to 1.5 in 2002. Mannheimia haemolytica isolations significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 62.5% in 1994 to between 30.6% and 50.4% in 1998--2002. Pasteurella multocida isolations significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 20.0% in 1994 to between 28.6% and 47.4% in 1998--2002. Histophilus somni isolations were <19% except in 1998 (40.8%) and 1999 (23%). Antimicrobial susceptibilities for M. haemolytica significantly declined for erythromycin (P = 0.0001), florfenicol (P = 0.0004), spectinomycin (P = 0.0001), and tilmicosin (P = 0.03). For P. multocida, antimicrobial susceptibilities significantly declined for erythromycin (P = 0.0001), florfenicol (P = 0.004), spectinomycin (P = 0.03), sulfachloropyridizine (P = 0.028), tetracycline (P = 0.017), tilmicosin (P = 0.0001), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.0003). Antimicrobial susceptibilities for H. somni were variable for spectinomycin and sulfachloropyridizine, whereas susceptibilities to other antibiotics remained consistently high.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Mannheimia haemolytica/efeitos dos fármacos , Pasteurella multocida/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Pasteurellaceae/veterinária , Pasteurellaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Pneumonia Bacteriana/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Mannheimia haemolytica/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Pasteurella multocida/isolamento & purificação , Pasteurellaceae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Pasteurellaceae/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/diagnóstico , Fibroadenoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Fibroadenoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibroadenoma/patologia , Humanos , Mamografia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologiaAssuntos
Doenças do Gato/transmissão , Esporotricose/transmissão , Zoonoses , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Gatos , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Doenças Profissionais , Fatores de Risco , Sporothrix/isolamento & purificação , Sporothrix/patogenicidade , Esporotricose/diagnóstico , Esporotricose/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Right posterior thigh malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with malignant glandular and rhabdomyoblastic components was diagnosed in a 24-year-old African American man. Malignant glands and rhabdomyoblastic cells were admixed with the spindle cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated spindle cells positive for S100 and vimentin; the glandular component was positive for chromogranin, and rare cells were positive for CK20 but negative for CK7. Rhabdomyoblastic cells were positive for muscle-specific actin and desmin. A single pulmonary metastasis occurred 5 months after surgical resection of the tumor. Death occurred 1 month later and was probably due to a pulmonary embolus.