Benchmark Dose Estimation for Cadmium-Induced Renal Effects Based on a Large Sample Population from Five Chinese Provinces / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

A survey involving 6103 participants from five Chinese provinces was conducted to evaluate the threshold value of urinary cadmium (UCd) for renal dysfunction as benchmark dose low (BMDL). The urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG) was chosen as an effect biomarker. The UCd BMDLs for UNAG ranged from 2.18 μg/g creatinine (cr) to 4.26 μg/g cr in the populations of different provinces. The selection of the sample population and area affect the evaluation of the BMDL. The reference level of UCd for renal effects was further evaluated based on the data of all 6103 subjects. With benchmark responses (BMR) of 10%/5%, the overall UCd BMDLs for males in the total population were 3.73/2.08 μg/g cr. The BMD was slightly lower in females, thereby indicating that females may be relatively more sensitive to Cd exposure than are males.

Improving MCM-41 as a nitrosamines trap through a one-pot synthesis.

Copper oxide was incorporated into MCM-41 by a one-pot synthesis under acidic conditions to prepare a new mesoporous nitrosamines trap for protection of the environment. The resulting composites were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, and H2 temperature-programmed reduction techniques, and their adsorption capabilities were assessed in the gaseous adsorption of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR). The adsorption isotherms were consistent with the Freundlich equation. The copper salt was deposited onto MCM-41 during the evaporation stage and was fixed on the host in the calcination process that followed. MCM-41 was able to capture NPYR in air below 373 K but not at 453 K. Loading of copper oxide on MCM-41 greatly improved its adsorption capability at elevated temperatures. The influence of the incorporation of copper into MCM-41 samples and the adsorption behavior of these samples are discussed in detail.