Anthropogenic, biogenic, and photochemical influences on surface formaldehyde and its significant decadal (2006-2017) decrease in the Lewiston-Clarkston valley of the northwestern United States.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a key carcinogen and plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Both field measurements and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) modeling have been employed to investigate the concentrations and sources of HCHO in the Lewiston-Clarkston (LC) valley of the mountainous northwestern U.S. Different instruments were deployed to measure surface formaldehyde and other related compounds in July of 2016 and 2017. The measurements reveal that the average HCHO concentrations have significantly decreased to 2-5 ppb in the LC valley in comparison to its levels (10-20 ppb) observed in July 2006. This discovery with surface measurements deserves attention given that satellite retrievals showed an increasing long-term trend from 2005 to 2014 in total vertical column density of HCHO in the region, suggesting that satellite instruments may not adequately resolve small valleys in the mountainous region. Our PMF modeling identified four major sources of HCHO in the valley: (1) emissions from a local paper mill, (2) secondary formation and background, (3) biogenic sources, and (4) traffic. This study reveals that the emissions from the paper mill cause high HCHO spikes (6-19 ppb) in the early morning. It is found that biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the area are influenced by national forests surrounding the region (e.g., Nez Perce-Clearwater, Umatilla, Wallowa-Whitman, and Idaho Panhandle National Forests). The results provide useful information for developing strategies to control HCHO levels and have implications for future HCHO studies in atmospheric chemistry, which affects secondary aerosols and ozone formation.

[Clinical analysis of 86 cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and maternal and fetal prognosis of pregnant women with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP). Methods: The clinical data of 86 AFLP pregnant women admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from September 2017 to August 2022 were collected, and their general data, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests and maternal and fetal outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: (1) General information: the age of the 86 pregnant women with AFLP was (30.8±5.4) years, and the body mass index was (21.0±2.5) kg/m2. There were 50 primiparas (58.1%, 50/86) and 36 multiparas (41.9%, 36/86). There were 64 singleton pregnancies (74.4%, 64/86) and 22 twin pregnancies (25.6%, 22/86). (2) Clinical characteristics: the main complaints of AFLP pregnant women were gastrointestinal symptoms, including epigastric pain (68.6%, 59/86), nausea (47.7%, 41/86), anorexia (46.5%, 40/86), vomiting (39.5%, 34/86). The main non-gastrointestinal symptoms were jaundice of skin and/or scleral (54.7%, 47/86), edema (38.4%, 33/86), fatigue (19.8%, 17/86), bleeding tendency (16.3%, 14/86), polydipsia or polyuria (14.0%, 12/86), skin itching (8.1%, 7/86), and 17.4% (15/86) AFLP pregnant women had no obvious symptoms. (3) Laboratory tests: the incidence of liver and kidney dysfunction and abnormal coagulation function in AFLP pregnant women was high, and the levels of blood ammonia, lactate dehydrogenase and lactic acid were increased, and the levels of hemoglobin, platelet and albumin decreased. However, only 24 cases (27.9%, 24/86) of AFLP pregnant women showed fatty liver by imageology examination. (4) Pregnancy outcomes: ① AFLP pregnant women had a high incidence of pregnancy complications, mainly including renal insufficiency (95.3%, 82/86), preterm birth (46.5%, 40/86), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (30.2%, 26/86), gestational diabetes mellitus (36.0%, 31/86), fetal distress (24.4%, 21/86), pulmonary infection (23.3%, 20/86), disseminated intravascular coagulation (16.3%, 14/86), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (16.3%, 14/86), hepatic encephalopathy (9.3%, 8/86), and intrauterine fetal death (2.3%, 2/86). ② Treatment and outcome of AFLP pregnant women: the intensive care unit transfer rate of AFLP pregnant women was 66.3% (57/86). 82 cases were improved and discharged after treatment, 2 cases were transferred to other hospitals for follow-up treatment, and 2 cases (2.3%, 2/86) died. ③ Neonatal outcomes: except for 2 cases of intrauterine death, a total of 106 neonates were delivered, including 39 cases (36.8%, 39/106) of neonatal asphyxia, 63 cases (59.4%, 63/106) of neonatal intensive care unit admission, and 3 cases (2.8%, 3/106) of neonatal death. Conclusions: AFLP is a severe obstetric complication, which is harmful to mother and fetus. In the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, attention should be paid to the clinical manifestations and laboratory tests of pregnant women, early diagnosis and active treatment, so as to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.

Efficacy of percutaneous cement-augmented screw fixation plus percutaneous kyphoplasty in the management of unstable osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to compare the efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) vs. percutaneous cement-augmented screw fixation plus PKP in the management of unstable osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 197 patients with unstable OVCF treated in the Department of Spine Surgery, Lianyungang First People's Hospital from September 2019 to September 2021 were recruited and assigned via random number table method 1:1 to receive either PKP (group A, n=106) or PKP plus percutaneous cement-augmented screw fixation (group B, n=91). The outcome measures for the evaluation of different surgical methods included visual analogue scale (VAS), the height of the anterior-posterior border of the injured spine, Cobb angle of the posterior convexity, Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores. RESULTS: PKP exhibited shorter operative time and length of hospital stay and less intraoperative blood loss vs. PKP plus percutaneous cement-augmented screw fixation (p<0.05). Patients with PKP plus percutaneous cement-augmented screw fixation experienced milder postoperative pain vs. those with PKP alone at 7 days postoperatively, as evidenced by the lower VAS scores (p<0.05). PKP plus percutaneous cement-augmented screw fixation provided more restoration of anterior margin height and posterior convexity Cobb angle vs. PKP alone (p<0.05). Patients with PKP only showed slightly higher Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores than those with combined surgery, while the postoperative clinical signs between the two arms were similar (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Single PKP features the benefits of minimal trauma, simple operation, and rapid postoperative recovery in the treatment of OVCF. PKP plus percutaneous cement-augmented screw fixation for severe OVCF provided distinctly better performance than PKP alone in terms of early pain relief, restoration of vertebral body height, correction of posterior convexity deformity, and firm spinal stability.

Lipaemic serum in Hb E-Beta thalassaemia major: A rare case of hypertriglyceridaemia thalassaemia syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: A 1-year-old Malay girl presented with pallor, failure to thrive and hepatosplenomegaly. Her blood was sent for thalassaemia screening and it was incidentally found that her blood appeared lipaemic. CASE REPORT: Primary and secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia were investigated. Her blood was sent for fasting lipid profile, thyroid function test (TFT), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), liver function test (LFT), renal profile (RP) and HIV screening. Lipaemic interference was removed by high-speed centrifugation. She is a product of non-consanguineous marriage. She is staying together with her stepfather who is HIV positive. Her mother's infective status was negative with no dyslipidaemic features and a normal lipid profile. Lipid profile of her biological father was not known. No other lipid stigmata such as eruptive xanthoma or lipaemia retinalis was seen in the patient. Haemoglobin analysis showed Hb E-Beta thalassaemia major. Her triglycerides was 9.05 mmol/L with normal total cholesterol, 2.85 mmol/L and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), 0.26 mmol/L. Calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was invalid as triglycerides was >4.5 mmol/L. TFT, RP, FPG, LFT were normal and HIV status was negative. She was transfused with 10 ml/kg packed cell and her blood post transfusion appeared non lipaemic. CONCLUSION: Primary hypertriglyceridaemia was excluded based on insignificant family history of dyslipidaemia. Secondary causes of hypertriglyceridaemia were ruled out based on unremarkable laboratory investigations. Thus, we conclude that this patient is having hypertriglyceridaemia thalassaemia syndrome (HTS) which is a rare disorder with unknown pathogenesis. Further research may be required to explore this unknown association.

Exploration at the network pharmacology level of possible targeting mechanisms of Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma for the treatment of osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma (SGR) on osteoporosis at the level of network pharmacology, and to find new targets and mechanisms of SGR in the treatment of osteoporosis, to better find new drugs and their clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the original network pharmacology mode, we used an improved mode, such as screening the ingredients and targets of SGR through tools such as GEO database, Autodock Vina, and GROMACS. Through molecular docking, we conducted further screening for the targets acting on the effective ingredients of SGR, and finally we performed molecular dynamics simulation and consulted a large amount of related literature for the validation of the results. RESULTS: By screening and validating the data, we finally confirmed that there were mainly 10 active ingredients in SGR, which were isoeruboside b, smilagenin, diosgenin, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, sodium taurocholate, sitogluside, 4,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyl-8-formyl-flavan, simiglaside B, and simiglaside E, and mainly acted on eleven targets. These targets mainly exert therapeutic effects on osteoporosis by regulating 20 signaling pathways including Th17 cell differentiation, HIF-1 signaling pathway, apoptosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteoclast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study successfully explains the effective mechanism by which SGR ameliorates osteoporosis while predicting the potential targets NFKB1 and CTSK of SGR for the treatment of osteoporosis, which provides a novel basis for investigating the mechanism of action of new Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) at the network pharmacology level and a great support for subsequent studies on osteoporosis.

Depinning phase transition of antiferromagnetic skyrmions with quenched disorder.

Antiferromagnetic skyrmions are considered to be promising information carriers due to their attractive properties. Therefore, the pinning phenomenon of antiferromagnetic skyrmions is of great significance. With the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, we simulate the nonstationary dynamic behaviors of skyrmions driven by currents in a chiral antiferromagnetic thin film with quenched disorder. Based on the dynamic scaling forms, the critical current and static and dynamic critical exponents of the depinning phase transition are accurately determined. A theoretical analysis using Thiele's approach is presented in comparison with the numerical simulation. Unlike the ferromagnetic skyrmions, the critical current of the antiferromagnetic skyrmions is very sensitive to a small nonadiabatic coefficient. This is important for manipulating antiferromagnetic skyrmions and designing novel information processing devices.

Injected cells provide a valuable complement to cell-free systems for analysis of gene expression.

The aim of this short review is to comment on the advantages of injecting purified molecules into a normal living cell as a complement to the constitution of a cell-free system for analyzing the function of cell components. We emphasize here that the major difference is that, by injection, most components of a cell are maintained at their normal concentration, which is difficult, even if at all possible, to achieve in a cell-free system. We exemplify the benefits of a cell injection system by the efficiency and long duration of DNA transcription by RNA polymerase II, as used by most genes, and by the widespread success of injecting purified messenger RNA for protein synthesis. The most recent work using cell injection also gives a new understanding of a long lasting transcription factor residence on its DNA or chromatin not shown by other procedures. Lastly, we re-visit an old idea that transcription factors that guide cell fate may be stably bound to DNA or chromatin, except at S-phase or mitosis in the cell cycle, when they can undergo exchange with equivalent molecules in the cell.

Correction to: Cesarean delivery to prevent anal incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The original article can be found online.

Periventricular white matter hyperintensity burden and cognitive impairment in early Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study quantified the total brain and periventricular white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burdens in patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD) and explored their associations with cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive performance. METHODS: A total of 175 non-demented patients with early PD who had undergone baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging were included. Comprehensive neurocognitive testing was conducted to identify PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and to evaluate performances in individual cognitive domains. Cardiovascular risk was expressed as a modified Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk score (mFRS). RESULTS: A total of 53.7% of this early PD cohort fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PD-MCI. An increase in mFRS was significantly associated with increases in the total brain WMH (P = 0.015) and periventricular WMH (P = 0.040) burden, independent of age and gender. The periventricular WMH burden was significantly associated with PD-MCI (P = 0.046) in early PD, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. Patients in the 5th quintile of periventricular WMH burden were 8.6 times more likely to have PD-MCI compared with patients in the 1st quintile of periventricular WMH burden (P = 0.004). However, total brain WMH burden was not associated with PD-MCI (P = 0.158). In individual cognitive domains, heavier periventricular WMH burden was associated with worse executive function and visuospatial function independent of cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: Periventricular WMHs are a useful imaging biomarker for cognitive impairment in early PD. Cardiovascular risk factors, although associated with periventricular WMHs, were unable to fully explain the association between periventricular WMHs and cognitive impairment in early PD.

Determination of the Content of 4-FMA in Rat Plasma Samples by HPLC-MS/MS Method.

ABSTRACT: Objective To develop a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS） method for the determination of the content of 4-fluoromethamphetamine （4-FMA） in rat plasma, and to provide a methodological basis for the study of the toxicokinetics of 4-FMA in rats. Methods Rat plasma samples were added into internal standard methamphetamine （MA）. Its proteins were precipitated with methanol and then separated with Poroshell 120 EC-C18 chromatographic column. A 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and a 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution were used as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Electrospray ionization source was used for detection in the multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. Results The linear relationship was good when the mass concentration of 4-FMA in plasma samples was in the range of 5-1 000 ng/mL （r>0.999）. The limit of detection （LOD） was 3 ng/mL and the limit of quantification （LOQ） was 5 ng/mL. The accuracy was expressed as relative error （RE）, and in the range of ±5%, the intra-day precision and inter-day precision （relative standard deviation, RSD） less than 9%, and the extraction recovery rate was more than 90%. The analysis and detection of plasma samples were completed within 2.5 min. Conclusion This study developed a HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of 4-FMA in rat plasma samples. This method is accurate, rapid, simple and sensitive and can be applied to the study of toxicokinetics of 4-FMA.

Correction to: Topical antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery for the prevention of surgical wound infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unfortunately, an author name (Nuzhat Iqbal) was missed out in the original publication. The complete updated author list is given below.

Topical antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery for the prevention of surgical wound infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Among the techniques investigated to reduce the risk of surgical wound infection or surgical space infection (SSI) in patients having colorectal surgery are topical application of antimicrobials (antibiotics and antiseptics) to the open wound or immediately after closure. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on those treatments, with the exception of antibiotic ointments applied to closed skin, which are adequately assessed elsewhere, and a meta-analysis. METHODS: Only randomized trials of patients having only colorectal surgery were included in this review. Studies were sought in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Clinical Trials.gov, and the World Health Organization Internet clinical trials register portal. In addition, reference lists of included studies and other published reviews were screened. Meta-analysis was performed for all included studies and subgroup analyses done for each individual intervention. Risk of bias was assessed for each included study, paying particular attention to the preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis used in each study. Sensitivity analyses were done to investigate heterogeneity of the analyses, excluding those studies with a significant risk of bias issues. Absolute risk reduction (RR) was calculated. The overall quality of the evidence for each individual intervention was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, and was classified as high, moderate, low or very low. RESULTS: A total of 30 studies are included in this review with 5511 patients, 665 of whom had SSI. The interventions included: 10 studies of gentamicin impregnated sponge or beads wound inlays, 4 studies of chlorhexidine impregnated suture, 11 studies of direct wound lavage or powder application or injection of antibiotics before closure, 4 studies of ionized silver dressing applied to the closed skin, and 1 study of vitamin E oil applied to the open wound. All but one study used preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in addition to topical procedures, although, in some studies, the systemic antibiotic prophylaxis was not the same between groups or varied significantly from the recommended guidelines. Use of gentamycin sponge did not decrease SSI (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.75-1.16; low-quality evidence) even after including only the studies of abdominal wounds (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.80-1.30; low-quality evidence). However, sensitivity analysis excluding studies at high risk of bias decreased the heterogeneity and increased the effect of the prophylaxis for all wounds (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.33-0.78; low-quality evidence) and for abdominal wounds only (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20-0.72; moderate-quality evidence). Chlorhexidine impregnated suture showed no effect on SSI (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.56-1.10; low-quality evidence) and an increased efficacy after sensitivity analysis (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22-0.79; low-quality evidence). Antibiotic lavage showed a significant decrease in SSI (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.79; low-quality evidence) which increased after sensitivity analysis (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15-0.72; moderate-quality evidence). Application of silver dressing to the closed wound resulted in a decrease of SSI (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.85; moderate-quality evidence). The one study of topical vitamin E oil applied to the open wound showed a significant risk reduction (RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.98; low-quality evidence). CONCLUSIONS: Each of these interventions appears to be effective in decreasing SSI, but the number of studies for each is small and the quality of evidence is very low to moderate. Within the various outcomes of GRADE assessment, even a moderate classification suggests that further studies may well have very different results.. No randomized trials exist of combinations of two or more of the above interventions to see if there is a combined effect. Future studies should make sure that the antibiotic used preoperatively is uniform within a study and is consistent with the current guidelines. Deviation from this leads to a significant heterogeneity and risk of bias.

Nanoscale Removal of Picosecond Laser Ablation for Polymer.

This paper analytically investigates the picosecond laser ablation of polymer. Laser-pulsed ablation is a well-established tool for polymer. However the ablation mechanism of laser processing for polymer has not been thoroughly understood yet. This study utilized a thermal transport model to analyze the relationship between the ablation rate and laser fluences. This model considered the energy balance at the decomposition interface as the ablation mechanisms and is applied to predict the laser-ablated depth of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/PolyVinyl Chloride (ABS/PVC). The calculated variation of the ablation rate with the logarithm of the laser fluence agrees with the measured data. The effects of material properties and processing parameters on the ablation depth per pulse are discussed for picosecond laser processing of ABS/PVC.

[Downregulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in paraventricular nucleus contributes to sympathoexcitation in rats with chronic heart failure].

Objective: To elucidate the association between large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and sympathetic outflow in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) . Methods: Male Wistar rats (6-7 weeks old) were randomized to sham operated group and CHF group (coronary artery ligation) . Two weeks after operation, BKCa inhibitor Iberiotoxin (IBTX) was infused into PVN by osmotic minipumps, rats were divided into following groups: sham+aCSF, CHF+aCSF, sham+low dose IBTX (0.125 nmol/nl) , CHF+low dose IBTX, sham+moderate dose IBTX (1.25 nmol/nl) , CHF+moderate dose IBTX, sham+ high dose IBTX (12.5 nmol/nl) , and CHF+high dose IBTX (n=6 each) . Additional rats were grouped as follows: sham+vehicle, sham+KCNMB4 knockdown (by rAAV2-KCNMB4 shRNA virus injection in PVN) , CHF+vehicle, CHF+ KCNMB4 knockdown group (n=6 each) . The cardiac function was determined by echocardiography, left ventricular hemodynamics were measured invasively, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded at 6 weeks after coronary artery ligation or sham operation. The contents of norepinephrine (NE) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein and mRNA expression of KCNMB4 in PVN were measured by immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, and real-time PCR, mRNA expression of BKCa in PVN was detected by real-time PCR. Results: Compared with the sham operation group, the cardiac function of the heart failure group was significantly reduced (P<0.05) , and the plasma NE and the serum NT-proBNP were significantly elevated (P<0.05) . The protein and mRNA expression of KCNMB4 in PVN were obviously down-regulated in CHF rats (P<0.05) . After perfusion of IBTX or KCNMB4 knockdown by microinjection of rAAV2-KCNMB4 shRNA virus,right ventricular weight/body weight and lung weight/body weight ratio as well as left ventricular end-diastolic diameter were increased and left ventricular ejection fraction was decreased (all P<0.05) , the sympathetic driving indexes was increased in sham rats, changes of these parameters further aggravated in CHF rats (P<0.05) . KCNMB4 knockdown further downregulated protein expression in PVN of CHF rats. Conclusion: Downregulation and blunted function of BKCa in PVN may contribute to sympathoexcitation and deterioration of cardiac function in rats with chronic heart failure.

Ameliorating Effects of Leaf Water Extract of Three Aromatic Plant Species on Ozone-Polluted Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Jiangjunyoudou').

Ozone (O3) is one of the major pollutants in near-surface air. In order to protect sensitive plants from O3 pollution, many kinds of protectants including synthetic ones, were assessed in previous studies. Although they have certain protective effects, some of them are not environment-friendly. In the present study, leaf water extracts of aromatic plants [Plectranthus hadiensis var. tomentosus (PHT), Pelargonium hortorum (PHB), Tagetes patula (TP)] were compared for mitigating the damages caused by O3 (150 ppb for 3 days, 8 h day-1) on snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris 'Jiangjunyoudou'). Our results showed that O3 fumigation impaired plasma membrane, decreased chlorophyll content, increased contents of malondialdehyde and superoxide anion, inhibited photosynthesis, and caused visible injury. Leaf water extracts of PHT, PHB or TP ameliorated the negative effects of O3. Among them, extract of PHT showed the greatest potential to alleviate the O3-caused injury, followed by PHB and TP.

[Clinical retrospective control study of single-port laparoendoscopic and multi-port laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy].

Objective: To investigate clinical outcomes of laparoendoscopic single-site ovarian cystectomy compared with traditional multi-port laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. Methods: Data of 81 patients with ovarian cystectomy from January 2016 to May 2017, the single-site group (n=40) and the multi-port group (n=41) in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively collected. The outcomes of single-site and multi-port groups were analyzed and compared, including: postoperative fever, operation time, blood loss, hemoglobin change, surgical complications, postoperative pain score, postoperative analgesic requirements, body image scale and cosmetic score, length of hospital stay, postoperative total cost. Results: No complication was found in two groups. No difference was found in postoperative fever, blood loss, hemoglobin change, postoperative pain score, length of hospital stay, and total cost between the two groups (all P>0.05). Operation time was (50±20) minutes in single-site group, and (40±15) minutes in multi-port group; postoperative analgesic requirements was 28%(11/40) in single-site group, and 7%(4/41) in multi-port group; cosmetic score was 22.6±2.6 in single-site group, and 17.3±2.6 in multi-port group; body image scale was 5.7±1.2 in single-site group, and 6.2±1.2 in multi-port group; these four clinical parameters were statistical differences (all P<0.05). Conculsion: Laparoendoscopic single-site ovarian cystectomy is feasible and safe, although it could't relieve the postoperative pian, it do offer a higher cosmetic satisfaction.

Effects of Elevated Ozone on Polka Dot Plant (Hypoestes phyllostachya) with Variegated Leaves.

In this study, impacts of O3 on four cultivars ('Rose', 'Pink', 'Blush' and 'White') of the polka dot plant with variegated leaves were investigated for the first time. Ozone fumigation [(120 ± 20 ppb) for 14 days (8 h day-1, from 8:30 to 16:30)] resulted in visible foliar injuries, decreased contents of pigments (chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid), the inhibition of photosynthesis, the increase of quantum yield of non-regulated heat dissipation and fluorescence emission (Y(NO)), and the damage of cell membrane. Elevated O3 increased the content of anthocyanin (Ant). 'White' showed the highest, and 'Rose' the lowest amount of injured leaf area, indicating that the former was the most sensitive, and the latter the most tolerant to O3 stress. After O3 exposure, the highest Ant content was found in 'Rose', followed by 'Pink', 'Blush', and 'White'. Levels of Ant were likely responsible for the different sensitivities to O3 due to their roles in photoprotection.