The Chinese version of the Ohkuma questionnaire: reliability analysis and diagnostic value.

BACKGROUND: While the Ohkuma questionnaire is a simple, reliable, and easy-to-use tool to assess dysphagia, none of its versions can be used by the Chinese population. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency, reliability and clinical validity of a newly made Chinese version of the Ohkuma questionnaire, and to provide some objective basis for its application in screening dysphagia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 21 to June 2022, 96 patients with dysphagia and 89 asymptomatic subjects were recruited from three hospitals in China to form an observation and a control group, respectively. All subjects completed the Ohkuma questionnaire, Eating Assessment Tool-10, and a Video Fluoroscopy Study of Swallowing. RESULTS: The Cronbach's α coefficient measured in the questionnaire was 0.867, indicating acceptable internal reliability. The analysis of variance generated four main factors to be assessed, showing a good aggregation effectiveness of the questionnaire. The AVE square root values of three factors were greater than the maximum absolute value of the correlation coefficients between factors, indicating good differentiation effectiveness. The sensitivity and specificity scores, together with the positive and negative likelihood as well as diagnostic odds ratios indicate a good reactivity of the questionnaire. Lastly, after adjusting for age and sex, the results of the stepwise linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the Ohkuma questionnaire and the penetration aspiration scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the Ohkuma questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a rapid and effective screening tool for dysphagia.

Status and trends of RGS16 based on data visualization analysis: A review.

G-protein signaling regulator 16 (RGS16) has been confirmed that RGS16 is associated with cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, many studies have shown that RGS16 can be used as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We used CiteSpace and VOS viewer software to perform a bibliometric analysis of 290 publications in the core collection of Web of Science. All the articles come from 399 institutions, including 618 authors, 179 journals, 40 countries, 115 keywords, 1 language, two types of papers, and reviews. The United States has the largest number of publications. The Research Center of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) publishes the most papers, Emory University is the most recent of all institutions with the most recent results in the RGS16 study. Cell biology is the most studied discipline, and the most studied topic is migration. Drury published RGS16-related articles with the most citations (n = 15), and Berman published articles with the most citations (n = 106). The biological applications of RGS16 are currently a hot area of RGS16 research, including inflammation, cancer, ulcerative colitis, metabolic acidosis, platelet activation, and thrombosis. The current scientometrics study provides an overview of RGS16 research from 1995 to 2022. This study provides an overview of current and potential future research hotspots in the field of RGS16 and can be used as a resource for interested researchers.

Spectral analysis of multiple scattering factors of turbid media for glucose measurement using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Significance: Near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been widely used for non-invasive glucose measurement in humans, as glucose can induce a significant and detectable optical signal change in tissue. However, the scattering-dominated glucose spectrum in the range of 1000 to 1700 nm is easily confused with many other scattering factors, such as particle density, particle size, and tissue refractive index. Aim: Our aim is to identify the subtle distinctions between glucose and these factors through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, in order to employ suitable methods for eliminating these interferences, thus increasing the accuracy of non-invasive glucose measurement. Approach: We present a theoretical analysis of the spectra of 1000 to 1700 nm for glucose and some scattering factors, which is then verified by an experiment on a 3% Intralipid solution. Results: We found that both the theoretical and experimental results show that the effective attenuation coefficient of glucose has distinct spectral characteristics, which are distinct from the spectra caused by particle density and refractive index, particularly in the range of 1400 to 1700 nm. Conclusions: Our findings can offer a theoretical foundation for eliminating these interferences in non-invasive glucose measurement, aiding mathematical methods to model appropriately and enhance the accuracy of glucose prediction.

The significance of tumor deposits in prognosis and lymph node staging in gastric cancer patients / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of tumor deposits on the prognosis and lymph node staging in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 907 patients with gastric cancer admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from Jan to Dec 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological diagnosis, the patients were divided into tumor deposits positive group (121 cases) and tumor deposits negative group (786 cases), and the relationship between tumor deposits and clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed.Results:Tumor deposits were found in 121 patients among 907 cases. Univariate analysis showed that tumor deposits were correlated with pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, tumor diameter, nerve invasion and vascular invasion (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that pT stage ( P<0.001), pN stage ( P=0.002), pTNM stage ( P=0.001), tumor diameter ( P=0.033),nerve invasion ( P=0.017), vascular invasion ( P=0.011) were the independent influencing factors of positive tumor deposits. The prognosis of patients with tumor deposits was worse than those without ( χ2=77.869, P<0.001). By univariate analysis, age, tumor location, size, pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, tumor thrombus, nerve invasion, tumor deposits and number affected prognosis (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, nerve invasion, vascular invasion and the number of tumor deposits were independent prognostic factors (all P<0.05). By stratified analysis tumor deposits were found to have statistical difference in N0~N3a stage (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Tumor deposits is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Clinical study of drug-coated balloon in the treatment of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug-coated balloon (DCB) in the treatment of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.Methods:Forty-nine patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis treated with DCB in the People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to August 2021 were retrospectively included. The location and number of lesions were as follows: 21 cases of the middle cerebral artery, 11 cases of the intracranial segment of vertebral artery, 12 cases of the basilar artery, and 5 cases of the intracranial segment of internal carotid artery. Pre-dilatation of the lesion with a normal balloon followed by DCB angioplasty. Clinical follow-up (outpatient or telephone) was carried out at 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the operation. Imaging follow-up was carried out at 6 months postoperatively. The surgical success rate (defined as the proportion of patients with residual stenosis<50% after balloon dilatation), perioperative safety (any strokes, TIA, and deaths within 1 month), stroke recurrence, and restenosis were analyzed.Results:The operation was performed in all patients successfully. The median stenosis level was 80% (75%, 85%) preoperatively and 20% (15%, 30%) at the time after the operation. The success rate of the operation was 91.8% (45/49). Stenting was given in 11 cases (22.4%, 11/49) for severe flow-limiting vascular entrapment, or non-flow-limiting entrapment, owing to the concern of subsequent progression of the entrapment. Three cases (6.1%, 3/49) had significant vascular elastic retraction and implement stent implantation. One patient (2.0%, 1/49) developed symptomatic cerebral infarction during perioperative period, and the symptoms improved after treatment. No fatal or disabling stroke occurred. All patients were followed-up successfully. The median follow-up time was 12 months. Two patients (4.1%, 2/49) had a stroke in the responsible vascular area, and 1 (2.0%, 1/49) patient had a stroke in the non-responsible vascular area. Thirty-eight patients (77.6%, 38/49) had followed-up images. The median follow-up time of postoperative imaging was 6 months. Restenosis occurred in two cases (1 case had symptomatic restenosis), and the incidence of restenosis was 5.3% (2/38).Conclusions:DCB in the treatment of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis has a high technical success rate, good perioperative safety, and low stroke recurrence rate in short-term follow-up, demonstrating the good feasibility, safety, and efficacy of DCB.

Clinical study on modified Guipi Decoction combined with omeprazole in the treatment of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding with failure of the spleen to control blood vessels syndrome / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified Guipi Decoction combined with omeprazole in the treatment of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) with failure of the spleen to control blood vessels syndrome.Methods:Prospective cohort study. A total of 120 patients from January 2018 to December 2021 Taihe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine with ANVUGIB of failure of the spleen to control blood vessels syndrome were selected, and the patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with a large dosage of proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole injection was injected intravenously first, and then omeprazole enteric coated tablets were taken); the observation group took Guipi Decoction on the basis of the control group, and both groups were treated for 7 days. TCM syndrome score, Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) levels were measured by colorimetry before and after the treatment. BUN was detected by urease glutamate dehydrogenase method. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) levels were detected by immunoturbidimetry. The adverse reactions during treatment were recorded and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:Two patients in the observation group and two patients in the control group dropped out of the study. After treatment, the scores of main symptoms, secondary symptoms and total scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t values were respectively 10.73, 4.45, 7.98, P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of HCT [(41.25 ± 5.03)% vs. (38.19 ± 5.26)%, t=2.95], Hb [(81.09 ± 5.23) g/L vs. (78.39 ± 5.37) g/L, t=2.74] in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and BUN [(4.38±0.96) mmol/L vs. (5.39 ± 1.13) mmol/L, t=5.19] was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.01); PT [(12.48 ± 0.67) s vs. (13.22 ± 0.73) s, t=5.69], APTT [(24.66 ± 2.29) s vs. (27.78 ± 2.04) s, t=7.75] were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and FIB [(3.68 ± 0.62) g/L vs. (3.41 ± 0.74) g/L, t=2.13] level was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.1% (54/58), and that of the control group was 79.3% (46/58), with statistical significance ( χ2=4.64, P=0.031). During the treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was 3.4% (2/58), while that in the observation group was 1.7% (1/58), without statistical significance ( χ2=0.34, P=0.559). Conclusion:High-dosage omeprazole treatment with the addition of internal administration of Guipi Decoction can significantly improve coagulation function, correct the signs and symptoms associated with insufficient blood volume in the body circulation, improve hemostatic efficiency, and reduce the risk of bleeding in patients with ANVUGIB, without increasing the risk of patient safety with the drug.

Regulatory Consideration for Animal Study of Medical Device / 中国医疗器械杂志

Animal study plays a key role to evaluate the safety and effectivity of medical devices. This study aims to share evaluated consideration on the role, general principles, necessity, study design and quality management system of animal study, in order to improve the quality of animal study and reduce unnecessary study.

Clinical observation of immunotherapy efficacy and adverse effects in elderly patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and adverse reactions of immunotherapy in elderly patients(≥65 years old)with lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)in Chinese population of real world.Methods:A total of 113 elderly LUSC patients(age ≥65 years old)underwent pathological diagnosis were involved from January 2018 to January 2022.To compare the efficacy of mono-immunotherapy or combined with chemotherapy to chemotherapy in first-line and second-line treatment.44 patients received surgical or minimally invasive treatment, and 69 patients received first-line medical treatment, including 27 patients in chemotherapy group, 24 patients in combined chemotherapy group, and 11 patients in single drug immunization group.7 cases in targeted therapy group.Twenty-eight patients received second-line medical treatment, including 8 patients in chemotherapy group, 11 patients in combined immunochemotherapy(combined group), 4 patients in single drug immunotherapy group, and 5 patients in targeted therapy group.The therapeutic effects and adverse reactions were compared between the first-line and second-line treatments.The expression of programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)and tumor mutational burden(TMB)were evaluated.Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors(RECIST)version 1.1 was used to evaluate the efficacy, and common terminology criteria for adverse events(CTCAE)version 4.03 was used to evaluate immune-related adverse.Kaplan-meier and log-rank test was performed.Cox regression was used in prognostic analysis.Results:The total effective rate in the first-line combination group was 73.7%(14/19), higher than that in the chemotherapy group(24.0%, 6/25), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=10.748, P<0.01). Median progression-free survival(mPFS)was longer in the first-line combination group, the immunization group, and the chemotherapy group, and the median overall survival(mOS)was longer in the combination group, but the differences were not statistically significant(all P<0.05); mOS in the second-line combined group were longer than those in the chemotherapy group, both P<0.01). Elderly patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma had high PD-L1 positive rate(≥1%)and high TMB expression rate(≥9 mut/Mb), 81.6%(31/38)and 57.4%(31/54), respectively.mPFS in the PD-L1 positive group(≥1%)was better than that in the PD-L1 negative group(5.10 months vs.0.93 months, P<0.05). Among PD-L1 positive patients, mPFS in the second-line combination group was better than that in the chemotherapy group(7.33 months vs.2.77 months, P<0.05). mPFS and mOS time were not related to TMB expression.The overall incidence of immune-related adverse reactions was 62.0%(31/50), and 26.0%(13/50)with grade 3 or above.The most common grade 3 adverse events were rash, immune-associated pneumonia, and fatigue. Conclusions:Immunology combined with chemotherapy increased objective response rate, mPFS and mOS of elderly patients with LUSC group in first-line therapy compared with chemotherapy.In second-line treatment, the mOS was significantly prolonged in both combination therapy and mono-immunotherapy, and the combination therapy exhibited no benefit in OS compared with monotherapy.The adverse effects of immunology in elderly patients with LUSC were controllable.

Exosomes Derived from M2 Macrophages Exert a Therapeutic Effect via Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Rats with Knee Osteoarthritic.

Macrophages are commonly classified as M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages are obtained by stimulation of IL-4 with anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effects. Exosomes are 30-150 nm lipid bilayer membrane vesicles derived from most living cells and have a variety of biological functions. Previous studies have shown that macrophage exosomes can influence the course of some autoimmune diseases, but their effect on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has not been reported. Here, we analyze the roles of exosomes derived from M2 macrophage phenotypes in KOA rats. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of M2 macrophages and identified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting, and DLS. The results showed that M2 macrophage exosomes significantly attenuated the inflammatory response and pathological damage of articular cartilage in KOA rats. In addition, a key protein associated with KOA including Aggrecan, Col-10, SOX6, and Runx2 was significantly increased, while MMP-13 was significantly suppressed following treatment with M2 macrophage exosomes. The present study indicated that M2 macrophage exosomes exerted protective effects on KOA rats mainly mediated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. These findings provide a novel approach for the treatment of KOA.

Effectiveness and safety of Regorafenib in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the dosing, efficacy and safety of Regorafenib in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 40 elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib from June 2018 to October 2019 at Beijing Hospital were collected.The dosing, effectiveness and safety of regorafenib were retrospectively analyzed.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS).Results:A total of 40 elderly patients were enrolled in this study, including 25 males and 15 females, with a median age of 66 years.The initial dose of Regorafenib was 80 mg, and the maintenance dose was 80 mg in 14(35.0%)patients, 120 mg in 20(50.0%)patients and 160 mg in 6(15.0%)patients.Thirty-one patients were treated with Regorafenib and 9 patients were given a combination therapy including Regorafenib.The objective response rate(ORR)was 2.5%(1 case), and the disease control rate(DCR)was 45.0%(18 cases). The median progression free survival(PFS)was 2.2 months(95% CI: 2.1-4.0)and the median OS was 8.8 months(95% CI: 7.1-11.2). There was no significant difference in PFS or OS in different maintenance dose groups( P<0.05). Patients who received 120 mg Regorafenib as a maintenance dose showed longest survival with a median OS of 9.8 months(95% CI: 6.9-14.0). There was no difference in median OS between the Regorafenib group and the combination therapy group( χ2=0.1, P>0.05). Grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions occurred in 11 patients(27.5%). Common adverse reactions were hand-foot skin reaction, fatigue, hypertension, diarrhea, elevated transaminase levels and proteinuria. Conclusions:Regorafenib offers a good survival benefit for elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer who failed to respond to standard therapy.The dosing strategy, starting with a low dose of Regorafenib and escalating gradually as tolerance builds up, is recommended for elderly patients, when both efficacy and safety are considered.The proportion of patients who can tolerate 120 mg Regorafenib as a maintenance dose is high with relatively long overall survival, indicating it is appropriate for the elderly.

Correlation between KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues and tumor recurrence / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues for tumor recurrence.Methods:Ninety-two pathological tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing radical operation for colon cancer in Tangshan People's Hospital from August 2010 to November 2011. According to the results of follow-up, the patients were divided into recurrent group (33 cases) and non-recurrent group (59 cases). KAI1 expression in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. χ2 test was used to analyze the relationship between KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with colon cancer. Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues and the recurrence time of patients. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the related factors affecting postoperative recurrence of colon cancer. Results:KAI1 expression in tumor tissues in the recurrent group was lower than that in the non-recurrent group [39.39% (13/33) vs. 62.71% (37/59), χ2 = 4.638, P = 0.031]. KAI1 expression was not associated with patients' gender, age and tumor maximum diameter (all P > 0.05), but related to the tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis [high and medium differentiation vs. low differentiation: 70.3% (26/37) vs. 43.6% (24/55), χ2 = 6.324, P =0.012; lymph node metastasis vs. non-lymph node metastasis: 43.2% (19/44) vs. 64.6% (31/48), χ2 = 4.238, P = 0.039]. KAI1 expression in tumor tissues was positively correlated with tumor recurrence time ( r = 0.845, P < 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that the low differentiation of the tumor, lymph node metastasis and negative expression of KAI1 in colon cancer tissues were independent risk factors for recurrence of colon cancer after surgery ( HR = 1.736, 95% CI 1.598-5.391, P = 0.019; HR =1.526, 95% CI 1.175-3.029, P = 0.037; HR = 1.799,95% CI 1.756-5.825, P = 0.013). Conclusion:Low KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues is closely related to colon cancer recurrence, and the detection of KAI1 expression in colon cancer tissues has certain predictive value for tumor recurrence.

Research progress during recent ten years:The correlation between the deficiency of vitamin D and aging / 中华老年医学杂志

Vitamin D plays an important role in the progress of aging,especially in controlling and improving the age-related diseases.The mechanism is associated with apoptosis,oxidative stress and telomere loss.This article summarized the related progress in relationship between the deficiency of vitamin D and aging during the recent ten years in order to offer new ideas for anti-aging role of vitamin D.

Effects of hypothermia on learning and memory ability of neonatal rats during anesthesia / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of hypothermia on the learning and memory a-bility of neonatal rats during anesthesia and its possible mechanism.Methods Forty SD rats aged 7 d were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10):control group (group C),anesthesia group (group A),anesthesia and hypothermia group (group AH),hypothermia group (group H).Group C was in-jected intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of saline and equipped with heating pad to keep the rectal temper-ature at 38-39℃.Group A was injected with propofol 0.1 ml at 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally with 1/2 of the initial dose,and anesthesia was maintained for 2 h.The same method to maintain the rectal temperature at 38-39℃;Group AH of anesthesia and time and Group A of the same,rats in the anes-thesia process is not insulation,control room temperature of 23℃,allowing the body temperature de-creased;Group H rats intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 ml saline,the same control room temperature of 23℃,so that the natural temperature drop.Anesthesia in the process of continuous oxygen,inter-mittent monitoring of body temperature.Immediately after awake,5 rats in each group were randomly selected to detect the content of p-ERK and p-CREB in hippocampus by Western blot.The spatial learning and memory ability and p-ERK and p-CREB contents in hippocampus were measured by water maze test.Results The rectal temperature in group AH and group H decreased to (25.38± 0.22)℃ and (25.54±0.20)℃ in 1 h respectively,and the body temperature decreased significantly compared with group C(38.36±0.24)℃ and group A(37.40±0.29)℃ (P<0.05).Compared with group C and group A,the expression of group AH and group H was decreased (P<0.05).At the end of the water maze test,the expression of protein in the four groups was not statistically signifi-cant.There was no significant difference between the four groups in the escape latency,the number of crossing the platform and the quadrant of the original platform quadrant.Conclusion The expression of p-ERK and p-CREB in neonatal rats hippocampus can be short-term inhibition in the period of hy-pothermia at 25℃,but no significant effect on the long-term learning and memory ability.

Expression Difference and Its Mechanisms of miR-497 and miR-34a in Platinum-sensitive and Platinum-re-sistant Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Patients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression difference and its mechanism of miR-497 and miR-34a in platinum-sen-sitive and platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian carcinoma(EOC)patients. METHODS:A total of 72 EOC patients underwent ovari-an cancer staging surgery or cytoreductive surgery were selected from department of gynaecology and obstetriscs of our hospital dur-ing Jan. 2008-Jan. 2012. They received standardized platinum chemotherapy after surgery and were followed up (during Jul.2008-Jul.2016). According to the sensitivity to platinum,those patients were divided into platinum-sensitive group (42 cases) and platinum-resistant group (30 cases) . Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was adopted to detect the expression of miR-497 and miR-34a in tumor tissue,and the relationship of it with total survival period was investigated. The levels of DNA methylation of miR-497 and miR-34a promoter region were determined by nest type land type methylation specific PCR. Western blot assay was used to detect the H3K9 dimethylation(H3K9me2)levels. The H3K9me2 levels of miR-497 and miR-34a promoter region were de-termined by chromatin immunoprecipitation method. RESULTS:The expression levels of miR-497 and miR-34a in platinum-sensi-tive group were significantly higher than platinum-resistant group,with statistical significance (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The expression of miR-497 and miR-34a in tumor tissue of EOC patients are related to the sensitivity of platinum chemotherapy and the survival time of patients. DNA methylation and histone methylation of promoter region may be one of the mechanisms of their expression changes.

[Effect of Al2O3 sandblasting on the bond strength between 3mol% yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystal zirconia framework and veneering porcelain].

OBJECTIVE: The effect of sandblasting on the bond strength between 3mol% yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystal (3Y-TZP) zirconia framework and veneering porcelain was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 21 specimens [(25 ± 1) mm x (3 ± 0.1) mmx (0.5 ± 0.05) mm] were prepared according to ISO 9693. The specimens were then randomly divided into 3 groups. Sandblasting was performed on 2 meshes of Al2O3 particles: group A with mesh 110 and group B with mesh 80. Group C, which was not sandblasted, was the control group. The surface roughness of the zirconia framework, as well as the bond strength between 3Y-TZP zirconia framework and veneering porcelain, was measured. The interface microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and elemental distribution was detected by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). RESULTS: Surface roughness values were (1.272 ± 0.149) µm for group A, (0.622 ± 0.113) µm for group B, and (0.221 ± 0.065) µm for group C. Statistical significance were found among groups (P < 0.05). The bond strength values were (28.21 ± 1.52) MPa for group A, (27.71 ± 1.27) MPa for group B, and (24.87 ± 3.84) MPa for group C. Statistical significance was found between group A and group C (P < 0.05), whereas the other groups had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Interface adhesion failure was the primary performance. SEM images showed the close interface bonding, and EDS showed that the interface had no obvious element penetration. CONCLUSION: Al2O3 sandblasting can slightly enhance the bond strength between zirconia framework and veneering porcelain.

Development and safety evaluation of implantable medical device of collagen / 国际生物医学工程杂志

This paper categorizes implantable medical device of collagen on Chinese market according to manufacturing technique and performance.Combining with supervision requirements from China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), this paper discusses safety evaluation in following aspects, such as immunogenicity risk,virus and infectious pathogen risk, and product technical requirements.Finally, the paper looks into the future of collagen implants considering technology progress in biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, and genetic engineering fields.

Relationship between Uric Acid Levels in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Discharged Outcome / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To examine the association between uric acid (UA)levels of patients with acute ischemic stroke at ad-mission and discharged outcome.Methods The acute ischemic stroke patients of Xinganmeng People’s Hospital in Inner Mongolia,from June 1,2009 to May 31,2012 were continuity included in the present study,the included analysis sample size were 3 440 cases.Poor discharged outcome was defined as the occurrence of disability or death.With reference to the Modi-fied Rankin's Scale (MRs)Stroke Scale,Scores were recorded in the questionnaires,score of 3 or more (MRs≥3)was de-fined as disability.The patients were all grouped by P20,P60,P90 of UA,binary logistic regression were used in studying of risk factors,calculated the odds ratios (Odds ratio,OR)and 95% confidence interval (95% Confident interval,95%CI).All tests were two-sided test and a significance level of 0.05.Results A total of 359 people occurred poor outcomes in the stud-y,accounting for 10.44%.Univariate logistic regression analysis of poor outcome occurred showed that relative to the lowest group(P20,UA≤222.6 mmol/L),the second and third group (UA:222.7 ~ 310.9 mmol/L and 311.0~419.7 mmol/L) OR (95% CI)were:0.70(0.53~0.91)(P <0.05)and 0.66(0.49~0.88)(P <0.05).After adjusted age,body tempera-ture,high blood pressure,hyperglycemia,history of stroke,high triglycerides,high LDL-C and smoking,relative to the low-est level group,the second and third group occurred poor outcoming OR (95% CI)were:0.70(0.53~0.93)(P <0.05)and 0.66(0.48~0.90)(P <0.05).Conclusion Higher levels of uric acid levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke may inde-pendently related with occurred poor discharged outcome.

Effect of Al₂O₃ sandblasting on the bond strength between 3mol% yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystal zirconia framework and veneering porcelain / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The effect of sandblasting on the bond strength between 3mol% yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystal (3Y-TZP) zirconia framework and veneering porcelain was evaluated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 21 specimens [(25 ± 1) mm x (3 ± 0.1) mmx (0.5 ± 0.05) mm] were prepared according to ISO 9693. The specimens were then randomly divided into 3 groups. Sandblasting was performed on 2 meshes of Al₂O₃ particles: group A with mesh 110 and group B with mesh 80. Group C, which was not sandblasted, was the control group. The surface roughness of the zirconia framework, as well as the bond strength between 3Y-TZP zirconia framework and veneering porcelain, was measured. The interface microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and elemental distribution was detected by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Surface roughness values were (1.272 ± 0.149) μm for group A, (0.622 ± 0.113) μm for group B, and (0.221 ± 0.065) μm for group C. Statistical significance were found among groups (P < 0.05). The bond strength values were (28.21 ± 1.52) MPa for group A, (27.71 ± 1.27) MPa for group B, and (24.87 ± 3.84) MPa for group C. Statistical significance was found between group A and group C (P < 0.05), whereas the other groups had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Interface adhesion failure was the primary performance. SEM images showed the close interface bonding, and EDS showed that the interface had no obvious element penetration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Al₂O₃ sandblasting can slightly enhance the bond strength between zirconia framework and veneering porcelain.</p>

Functions of retinoic acid on the biological characteristics of human embryonic stem cells / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the influence of retinoic acid (RA) on the undifferentiated state and EB formation abilities of human embryonic stem cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The biological characteristics of H9 ESCs after RA treatment were characterized by real-time PCR, MTS proliferation assay and immunofluorescence staining. The expression of three germ layers markers, osteogenic differentiation markers and adipogenic differentiation markers in H9-differentiated embryoid bodies (EBs) with RA treatment were quantified by real time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proliferation of H9 ESCs in the early logarithmic growth phase was accelerated by RA treatment. In addition, RA induced differentiation of H9 ESC coupled with morphology changes, decreased expression of undifferentiated markers Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and OCT4 mRNA binding protein Lin28 at mRNA level, and reduced expression of Oct4 at protein level. RA induced formation of cavities in EBs. Real time PCR results showed that the expressions of ectodermal markers: NeuroD1, Noggin; mesodermal markers: Brachyury, Twist and endodermal markers: AFP, GATA-4 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), especially for AFP (P < 0.01), by RA treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of adipogenic differentiation marker C/EBPalpha was increased while the osteogenic differentiation marker OPN was decreased in EBs after RA treatment for 5 days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High concentrations of RA induced the loss of stemness in H9 ESCs and excessive differentiation in EBs, and damaged the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation during early EB differentiation, which may be relevant to the congenital malformations.</p>

The expression of Hsc70 in synovial membranes and blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective The present study investigated the expression of heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) in the synovial tissues and blood samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to determine the pathological role of this protein in the pathogenesis of the disease.Methods The expression of Hsc70 in synovial membranes was quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry,real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting.The samples from osteoarthritis (OA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were used as controls.The levels of Hsc70 in blood of patients with RA were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the samples of the healthy subjects as controls.Statistical analysis was conducted with one-way ANOVA,LSD test and Spearmen's correlation.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that Hsc70 had significantly increased expression in synovial tissues of RA than in the samples of OA and AS.Real-time PCR and western blotting confirmed the above findings.ELISA detected significantly elevated level of Hsc70 in blood of patients with RA as compared with samples from the controls (P＜0.01).Conclusion The study suggests that the up-regulation of Hsc70 may be involved in the pathogenic process of RA.