Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents.

BACKGROUND: Parental behaviors are key in shaping children's psychological and behavioral development, crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues, reducing psychological trauma in childhood. AIM: To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children. METHODS: From October 2017 to May 2018, 7 kindergartens in Ma'anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire - Health Development Survey of Preschool Children. Children's Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (Parent Version) was applied to measures the children's behavioral and emotional performance. Parenting behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior Inventory. Binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children's behavior and emotional problems and their parenting behaviors. RESULTS: High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems, abnormal hyperactivity, abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior problems. High level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in children. High level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms, abnormal conduct problems, abnormal hyperactivity, abnormal peer interaction, and abnormal total difficulty scores in children (all P < 0.05). Moreover, paternal parenting behaviors had similarly effects on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children compared with maternal parenting behaviors (all P > 0.05), after calculating ratio of odds ratio values. CONCLUSION: Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children. Overall, the more supportive or involved the parents are, the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience; conversely, the more hostile or controlling the parents are, the more behavioral and emotional problems the children face. Moreover, the impact of fathers' parenting behaviors on preschool children's behavior and emotions is no less significant than that of mothers' parenting behaviors.

Beneficial Role of Erythrocyte Adenosine A2B Receptor-Mediated AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in High-Altitude Hypoxia.

BACKGROUND: High altitude is a challenging condition caused by insufficient oxygen supply. Inability to adjust to hypoxia may lead to pulmonary edema, stroke, cardiovascular dysfunction, and even death. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of adaptation to high altitude may reveal novel therapeutics to counteract the detrimental consequences of hypoxia. METHODS: Using high-throughput, unbiased metabolomic profiling, we report that the metabolic pathway responsible for production of erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), a negative allosteric regulator of hemoglobin-O2 binding affinity, was significantly induced in 21 healthy humans within 2 hours of arrival at 5260 m and further increased after 16 days at 5260 m. RESULTS: This finding led us to discover that plasma adenosine concentrations and soluble CD73 activity rapidly increased at high altitude and were associated with elevated erythrocyte 2,3-BPG levels and O2 releasing capacity. Mouse genetic studies demonstrated that elevated CD73 contributed to hypoxia-induced adenosine accumulation and that elevated adenosine-mediated erythrocyte A2B adenosine receptor activation was beneficial by inducing 2,3-BPG production and triggering O2 release to prevent multiple tissue hypoxia, inflammation, and pulmonary vascular leakage. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that erythrocyte AMP-activated protein kinase was activated in humans at high altitude and that AMP-activated protein kinase is a key protein functioning downstream of the A2B adenosine receptor, phosphorylating and activating BPG mutase and thus inducing 2,3-BPG production and O2 release from erythrocytes. Significantly, preclinical studies demonstrated that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase enhanced BPG mutase activation, 2,3-BPG production, and O2 release capacity in CD73-deficient mice, in erythrocyte-specific A2B adenosine receptor knockouts, and in wild-type mice and in turn reduced tissue hypoxia and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Together, human and mouse studies reveal novel mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation and potential therapeutic approaches for counteracting hypoxia-induced tissue damage.

[Causation between occupational prolonged standing time during progestation and pregnancy related complications].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of profession related long-standing behavior during preconception and progestation, and to probe the relationship between prolonged standing jobs and the common pregnancy related complications among pregnant women, in Ma' anshan city,Anhui province. METHODS: In this cohort study, subjects who had their first antenatal examination at Ma' anshan Maternal and Child Care Centers were recruited under informed consent, from October 2008 to October 2010. All the information were collected through questionnaires in the first, second and third trimesters respectively. Three questionnaires were filled in by subjects under the guidance of healthcare takers. RESULTS: In the study, the 75(th) percentile of prolonged-standing times were 4.0 h/d and 3.0 h/d respectively in preconception and progestation. The characteristics of pregnant women with low social/economic status, prone to be involved in stand-long occupation. Results in logistic regression analysis, prolonged-standing jobs during preconception was the risk factor of pregnancy-induced hypertension and severe anemia. The adjusted odds ratios were 2.05 (95%CI:1.26-3.31) and 1.38(95%CI:1.03-1.85)respectively. CONCLUSION: Prolonged standing jobs appeared to be common occupational exposure to and risks of both pregnant woman and their fetus. Exposure to these kinds of jobs during preconception could increase the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and severe anemia. In order to promote maternal health programs, all the related occupational risk factors should be valued and avoided during preconception and pregnancy.

[Relationship on the prevalence of physical activity to depressive symptoms and satisfaction of school life among middle school students in Bengbu, Anhui province].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and relationship between physical activity (PA), depressive symptoms and school life satisfaction among middle school students in Bengbu, Anhui province. METHODS: A total number of 5268 boys and girls were analyzed from 4 middle schools. Depressive symptoms were assessed, using the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, school life satisfaction via the School Life Satisfaction Rating Questionnaire. Self-reported PA and sedentary behaviors were also assessed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: Adolescents self-reported rates of participating in sufficient moderate, vigorous and insufficient PA were 14.7%, 36.0% and 59.1%, respectively. The prevalence rates on depressive symptoms and school life dissatisfaction were 24.4% and 25.9%. After adjusting on sedentary behaviors and other potential confounders, participants who had engaged in sufficient moderate and vigorous PA had odds ratios of 0.73 (0.60 - 0.89), 0.68 (0.59 - 0.79) and 0.76 (0.63 - 0.92), 0.70 (0.61 - 0.81) for likelihood of being depressive and school life dissatisfaction, compared to their counterparts who participating in insufficient moderate and vigorous PA. Insufficient PA was positively associated with depression and dissatisfaction of their school lives [OR (95%CI): 1.42 (1.24 - 1.63) and 1.45 (1.27 - 1.66)]. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of insufficient PA was seen among adolescents and PA was closely related to the presence of depressive symptoms and school life dissatisfaction among middle school students.

Is there any relationship between dietary patterns and depression and anxiety in Chinese adolescents?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between major dietary patterns characterized by factor analysis and risk of depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents. DESIGN: Diet and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed in a cross-sectional survey among students attending junior high school. Dietary patterns were derived from a self-reported FFQ, which consisted of thirty-eight items. Anthropometric measurements were also performed. SETTING: Four junior high schools in Bengbu city, China. SUBJECTS: A random sample of 5003 adolescents, 11-16 years of age (mean 13·21 years). RESULTS: Three major dietary patterns were identified in the study based on factor analysis: 'snack', 'animal food' and 'traditional'. The prevalence of depression symptoms, anxiety disorders and the coexistence of both were 11·2% (560/5003), 14·6% (732/5003) and 12·6% (629/5003), respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, adolescents in the highest tertile of snack dietary pattern scores had a higher odds for 'pure' psychological symptoms ('depression without anxiety', OR = 1·64; 95% CI 1·30, 2·06; and 'anxiety without depression', OR = 1·87; 95% CI 1·51, 2·31) compared with coexisting depression and anxiety (OR = 1·93; 95% CI 1·54, 2·43). Similar to snacks, high consumption of animal foods was associated with a higher risk of psychological symptoms. Compared with low consumption, adolescents in the highest tertile of traditional dietary pattern scores had lower odds for 'pure' depression (OR = 0·38; 95% CI 0·30, 0·49), 'pure' anxiety (OR = 0·85; 95% CI 0·69, 1·04) and coexisting anxiety and depression (OR = 0·50; 95% CI 0·39, 0·63). CONCLUSIONS: Data from Chinese secondary-school adolescents validated findings from adult populations. Dietary patterns should be considered as important predictors of depression and anxiety among adolescents in further studies.