Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and fracture risk: a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Our network meta-analysis analyzed the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on fracture risk. By combining data from randomized controlled trials, we found that GLP-1 RAs were associated with a decreased bone fracture risk, and exenatide is the best option agent with regard to the risk of fracture. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018094433). INTRODUCTION: Data on the effects of GLP-1 RAs on fracture risk are conflicted. This study aimed to analyze the available evidence on the effects of GLP-1 RAs on fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched for relevant published articles, and unpublished studies presented at ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant clinical data. All analyses were performed with STATA 12.0 and R software (Version 3.4.4). We estimated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by combining RRs for fracture effects of included trials. RESULTS: There were 54 eligible random control trials (RCTs) with 49,602 participants, including 28,353 patients treated with GLP-1 RAs. Relative to placebo, exenatide (RR, 0.17; 95% CI 0.03-0.67) was associated with lowest risk of fracture among other GLP-1 RAs. Exenatide had the highest probability to be the safest option with regard to the risk of fracture (0.07 ‰), followed by dulaglutide (1.04%), liraglutide (1.39%), albiglutide (5.61%), lixisenatide (8.07%), and semaglutide (18.72%). A statistically significant inconsistency was observed in some comparisons. CONCLUSION: The Bayesian network meta-analysis suggests that GLP-1 RAs were associated with a decreased bone fracture risk compared to users of placebo or other anti-hyperglycemic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and exenatide is the best option agent with regard to the risk of fracture.

A ZnO-nanowire phototransistor prepared on glass substrates.

The fabrication of a phototransistor via the bridging of two prefabricated electrodes with a laterally grown ZnO nanowire is reported. It was found that the fabricated device is an n-channel enhancement-mode phototransistor with a dark carrier concentration of 6.34 × 10(17) cm(-3) when the gate voltage is biased at 5 V. With an incident-light wavelength of 360 nm and a zero gate bias, it was found that the noise equivalent power and normalized detectivity (D*) of the fabricated ZnO phototransistor were 6.67 × 10(-17) W and 1.27 × 10(13) cm Hz(0.5) W(-1), respectively. It was also found that the current in the device can be modulated efficiently by tuning the wavelength of the excitation source.

Pharmacokinetics of scutellarin and its aglycone conjugated metabolites in rats.

Scutellarin, a flavonoid glycoside, is the primary active ingredient in breviscapine that is a mixture of flavonoid glycosides extracted from a Chinese herb Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. The pharmacokinetics of scutellarin and its aglycone conjugated metabolites after intraperitoneal injection and oral administration of breviscapine was investigated in rats. The plasma concentration of scutellarin and scutellarein conjugates in serial samples was measured by validated high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that scutellarin underwent rapid and extensive biotransformation in vivo. After intraperitoneal injection, scutellarin was absorbed rapidly. The profiles of scutellarin and scutellarein conjugates were fitted to a two-compartment open model. Scutellarin and scutellarein conjugates showed a similar time course. No significant difference in tmax, t0.5(alpha) and t0.5(beta) was observed between scutellarin and scutellarein conjugates (p>0.05). After oral administration, fluctuations were observed in the concentration-time profiles of both scutellarin and scutellarein conjugates and the pharmacokinetics could not be explained by classical compartment model. The relative bioavailability of oral administration was very low, 10.67 % +/- 4.78% for scutellarin and 7.92% +/- 1.90% for scutellarein conjugates.