Association of smartphone addiction with daily behaviors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the smartphone addiction among college students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its association with daily behaviors and mental health,and to provide reference for heath education and psychological counseling for college students.@*Methods@#An observational study using online quyestionnaire was conducted among 10 357 college students of two provincial medical schools in Guangdong and Shanxi Province from February 24th to March 4th in 2020. Participants were investigated on demographic information, smartphone addiction, daily routine, physical activity, weight status, anxiety, and other health information. Logistic regression with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity score was used to analyze the association between smartphone addiction with daily behavior and mental health.@*Results@#The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 59.42%. The prevalence of phone addiction was higher in postgraduates, senior undergraduates, students with non-medical major, students living in GuangDong and those without regular exercise habit before vacation(χ 2=47.91，17.78，42.75，138.58，P<0.05). With IPTW, there were significant associations between smartphone addiction and late bedtimes (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.66-1.98) and wake-up times (OR=1.55, 95%CI=1.44-1.68), more sedentary behaviors (OR=1.21, 95%CI=1.12-1.31), less moderate to vigorous physical activity (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.22-1.44), anxiety (OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.52-3.40), weight gain(OR=1.27，95%CI=1.17-1.37) and other detrimental daily behavior and feelings.@*Conclusion@#High prevalence of smartphone addiction has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, with impaired daily behavior and mental health.

Investigation of the molecular mechanism how genistein combined with 5-fluorouracil inhibits proliferation of human colon cancer cell line SW480 / 中华消化杂志

[Abstract ] Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism how genistein increased the sensitivity of colon cancer cell to 5-fluorouracil(FU)and promoted colon cancer cell apoptosis.Methods SW480 colon cancer cell line was chosen as experimental object.Genistein 80 μmol/L and 5-FU 30 μg/mL used separated or combined for 48 hours were set as drug experiment group.There were four experiment groups in this study:control group (without any drug),5-FU group,genistein group,5-FU and genistein combined group.The expression of survivin,Bcl-2,p21 ,caspase3 and caspase 9 in the tumor cells of each group at mRNA and protein level was deteced by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting.The relative expression quantity of genes was determined by comparative threshold method (2 -ΔΔCT )andβ-actin was taken as an internal reference.Semi quantitative analysis was performed for protein relative expression quantity.The DNA combination activity of nuclear factor(NF)-κB of each group was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).Single factor analysis of variance was used for mean comparison among multiple groups and LSD test was for mean comparison between two groups.Results The expression of caspase3,caspase 9 and p21 of 5-FU and genistein combination group at mRNA (1 .903±0.122,2.726±0.050 and 2.541 ±0.393)and protein level (0.534±0.077,1 .161 ± 0.172 and 0.463±0.016)were all higher than those of control group (1 .001 ±0.052,1 .000±0.014 and 1 .001 ±0.037;0.080 ±0.043,0.248±0.059 and 0.139 ±0.021 ),genistein group (1 .559 ±0.038, 2.394±0.095 and 1 .686 ±0.061 ;0.335 ±0.052,0.478 ±0.059 and 0.304 ±0.018)and 5-FU group (1 .198±0.063,1 .051 ±0.043 and 1 .399±0.055 ;0.194±0.015 ,0.337 ±0.036 and 0.231 ±0.011 );the expression of survivin of 5-FU and genistein combined group at mRNA and protein level (0.165 ± 0.018 and 0.216±0.014)were all lower than those of control group,genistein group and 5-FU group (1 .001 ±0.033,0.775 ±0.044 and 0.395 ±0.030;0.594±0.079,0.375 ±0.014 and 0.295 ±0.014), and all the differences were statistically significant (gene,F = 802.865 ,52.760,39.992,187.288, 37.435 ;protein,F =10.466,44.483,19.490,200.011 ,45 .238;all P <0.01);the difference was also statistically significant in the expression of caspase3 and p21 of 5-FU group and genistein group compared with those of control group (LSD test,P <0.05 ).The results of EMSA assay showed that the DNA binding activity of NF-κB protein of genistein group (461.64 ±15.41 )and combined group (585.28 ±7.82) significantly decreased compared with that of control group (1 067.97 ±36.01)and 5-FU group (718.83± 23.18,LSD-test,P < 0.05).Conclusions Genistein combined with 5-FU seemed to have synergistic effects on apoptosis of colon cancer cell.The mechanism was that genistein inhibited the DNA binding activity of NF-κB mediated by genistein,further up-regulated caspase 3,caspase 9,p21 and down regulated survivin.Therefore,genistein may provide assistance in colon cancer chemotherapy.

Neuroprotective effects of neuregulin-1 ß on oligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte progenitors following oxygen and glucose deprivation.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonates, especially in premature infants, is one of the main contributors to the mortality of newborns and can cause nervous system dysfunction in children. The major pathogenesis seems to be cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in the immature white matter that preferentially targets vulnerable premyelinating oligodendrocytes. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to culture oligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte cells in an oxygen and glucose deprivation environment to simulate ischemia injury and examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of neuregulin-1ß on ischemia-induced immature oligodendrocytes. METHODS: Oligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte cells were cultured from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat cerebra. The cells were divided into two groups: one was subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation for 9 hours and the other was treated with 50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL neuregulin-1ß during oxygen and glucose deprivation. Cell survival was determined by Trypan Blue staining and cell apoptosis were observed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining. To study if the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was involved in the mechanism of protective effect of neuregulin-1ß, Western blot analysis was used to quantitative the changes of protein. RESULTS: Treatment with neuregulin-1ß within the period of oxygen and glucose deprivation significantly increased cell survival and also resulted in a significant decrease in cell apoptosis. The neuroprotective effects of neuregulin-1ß were prevented by treatment with Ly294002, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that neuregulin-1ß could protect the oligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte progenitors against hypoxic injury, and the mechanism may be associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Study on Acute Toxicity and Effect of Aconite Roots Based on Disease/Syndrome / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to observe influence of disease/syndrome on the toxicity and effect of aconite roots, in order to reveal relationship among disease/syndrome, toxicity and effect. The mice model of cold syn-drome was establish by wind-cold stimulation. The pain model was established by intraperitioneal injection of glacial acetic acid. Then, LD50 and ED50 of analgesic effect were compared, as well as the therapeutic index (TI) of crude aconite roots. The rat model of cold syndrome was also established by wind-cold stimulation. And the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model was established by intracutaneous injection of CII and CFA. TD50 of cardiac toxic-ity and arthroncus degree of prepared aconite roots were compared among the normal rats, RA rats, RA with wind-cold stimulation rats according to the recording of lead II ECG. The results showed that after wind-cold stimulation, mice and rats appeared with symptoms which were similar to Chinese medicine cold syndrome. Com-pared with normal mice, LD50 and TI increased, but ED50 decreased in the group of wind-cold stimulation after using powders of crude aconite roots. Compared with normal rats, TD50 of cardiac toxicity and arthroncus degree in-creased in groups of RA and RA with wind-cold stimulation after using prepared aconite roots. It was concluded that in the case of disease/syndrome state, the toxicity of aconite roots decreased, but its effect increased. It sug-gested that there is a significant correlation among disease/syndrome, toxicity and effect.

Melanoma antigen A and hepatocellular carcinoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Melanoma antigen A is a kind of rumor-associated antigen,which expresses in various types of hunman malignant tumor tissues especially in melanoma.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a kind of malignant epithelial tumor with high incidence which occurs in liver.Searching for effective diagnosis and treatment methods of it become a pressing task.It is confirmed that MAGE-A gene is highly expressed in HCC tissues which has great significance to the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis for HCC.

Regulation of MMP-2 and TIMP-3 expression by uPA signal transduction system in human bone giant cell tumor / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To study effects of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) signal transduction on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) in giant cell tumor of bone (GCT). METHODS: Expression of uPAR, MMP-2 and TIMP-3 in GCT tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (p44) in uPA/uPAR signal pathway in cultured GCT cells was detected by immunoprecipitation. The expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-3 in cultured cells after treatment with uPA-ATF or anti-uPAR antibody was also detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: 1) Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) was positive on the cell membrane and in cytoplasm of some mononuclear stromal cells (MSCs) and multinucleated giant cells (MGCs); 2) MMP-2 was positive in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane of almost all of MSCs and some of MGCs. The polar distribution of MMP-2 in the cytoplasm of MGCs was especially obvious; 3) The expression of TIMP-3 of some MSCs and MGCs in GCT was much lower than MMP-2. The positive signal also showed a prominent polarity; 4) After treatment with uPA-ATF, the phosphorylation level of p44 in GCT cultured cells was much higher than the control. Addition of anti-uPAR antibody in the cells remarkably down-regulated the phosphorylation level of p44 as compared with the control group, suggesting that uPA-ATF participates cell signal transduction and this reaction can be inhibited by anti-uPAR antibody; 5) uPA-ATF cell signal pathway up-regulated expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-3, while anti-uPAR antibody down-regulated the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-3. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate for the first time that uPA-ATF directly regulates the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-3 by signal transduction pathway, and the over-expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-3 may play an important role in local osteolysis of GCT. [

AGE-RELATED CHANGES OF SERUM LIPID PEROXIDE, ANTIOXIDASE, COPPER, ZINC AND SELENIUM / 营养学报

The age-related changes of serum lipid peroxide (LPO), RBC supero-xide dismutase activity (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), Cu, Zn and Se of blood were observed in 217 normal male persons aged 6~82. It was found that LPO increased significantly with age and SOD, GSH-Px decreased significantly in the elderly (60-70yrs). Blood Zn, Cu and Zn/Cu were highest in the childhood and lowest in the elderly. No significant change of Se with age was observed.The stepwise regression analysis showed that the factors influencing aging mainly were LPO and GSH-Px. It seems that LPO can be used as an indicator of aging.LPO was positively but GSH-Px, SOD, Zn and Cu negatively correlated with aging.

DAILY VITAMIN C REQUIREMENT OF THE ELDERLY / 营养学报

Twenty six healthy males, 60-70 years old, having the same vitamin C nutritional status detected by saturation test were selected for this study. They were divided into 4 groups and supplemented orally with various amounts of vitamin C for 15 days. The intake of each group was 59, 94, 149 and 223 ing/day per capita respectively. After comparing the vitamin C contents of 4-hour saturation test urine and early morning 1 hour fasting urine at the end of the experiment, it seems that the optimal daily requirement for the elderly is about 95 mg, and the saturated daily requirement is a little higher than 223 mg.