Glycemic control as the main determinant factor of serum VEGF levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a main endocrine disorder that may cause vascular complications as the disease progresses. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been linked to the development of micro and macrovascular diabetic complications. This study aimed to assess several factors including blood pressure, body mass index, lipid profile, kidney function, and glycemic control that may provide the rise of serum VEGF levels in type 2 DM subjects. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 65 type 2 DM subjects. Systole, diastole, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The levels of serum VEGF were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured by latex agglutination inhibition test, while serum glucose, lipid profiles, urea, and creatinine levels were tested by enzymatic photometric method. Results. The levels of serum VEGF had a significant correlation with BMI (p = 0.001, r = 0.397), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = 0.001, r = 0.418), HbA1c (p < 0.001, r = 0.600), systole (p = 0.001), r = 0.397), diastole (p = 0.021, r = 0.286), and MAP (p = 0.001, r = 0.001). Further multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that HbA1c logarithm (log) was the determinant factor of VEGF levels (p < 0.001, ß = 0.631, Adjusted R2 = 38.9%) Conclusion. HbA1c is the main determinant factor of serum VEGF levels among type 2 DM patients.

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) consumption as a nutrition source for mild anemia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to describe an intervention that utilizes dates as a source of nutrition for pregnant women to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in anemia incidence. The findings in this study are related to the use of dates to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women. METHODS: This study uses search databases used in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the initial search for articles are dates and hemoglobin obtained as many as 189 articles. At the time of using the keywords dates, hemoglobin, anemia by obtaining 15 articles and which are used only 10 articles according to the analysis of the purpose, suitability of the topic, the method of research used, sample size, research ethics, the results of each article, as well as limitations that occur. RESULT: Anemia in pregnant women causes hemoglobin (Hb) levels to decrease in the blood; the capacity of oxygen transfer to meet the needs of vital organs in the mother and fetus is reduced. All literature reviewed shows that administration of dates increases hemoglobin levels; only one literature shows no influence of consumes date juice on hemoglobin level. The majority of the literature reviewed is mild anemia. CONCLUSION: There are effective results in the implementation of health promotion of increased hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women by utilizing dates as a source of nutrition.

Preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancy with tribal differences in South Sulawesi: Comparison of serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the average levels of IL-10 with preeclampsia and normotensive in four different tribe populations in South Sulawesi, including Makassar, Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja. METHOD: This research is a cross-sectional study conducted in March-May 2020 in several Health Centre and Hospitals in four areas, namely in the UNHAS Hospital, Jumpandang Baru Health Center, Barabaraya Health Center, Mattirobulu Health Center, Salo Health Center, Lasinrang Pinrang General Hospital, Totoli Health Center, Majene Regional General Hospital, Makale Health Center, Elim General Hospital, Lakipadada Tana Toraja Regional General Hospital. Samples in this study were 88 pregnant women with gestational age >20 weeks which were divided into two groups, namely 44 cases (preeclampsia) and 44 control groups (normotensive). The criteria for the sample in this study are single pregnancy, no systemic disease, and are native Makassar, Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja tribes. Data collected included age, education, occupation, parity, Body Mass Index (BMI), history of preeclampsia. Serum IL-10 levels were examined using the Human Interleukin 10 ELISA Kit. RESULTS: There were significant differences in IL-10 levels in preeclampsia pregnant women in the Makassar, Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja tribes (p=0.020, p<0.05). In contrast to the control group, there was no difference in IL-10 levels in normotensive pregnant women in the Makassar, Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja tribes (p=0.505, p>0.05). The Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja tribes show significant differences in IL-10 levels between preeclampsia pregnant women and normotensive pregnant women with mean rating values of pregnant women who have preeclampsia have lower IL-10 levels than normotensive pregnant women, while the Makassar tribe has valued insignificant difference in IL-10 levels between preeclampsia and normotensive (p=0.309, p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There are differences in IL-10 levels in preeclampsia pregnant women in Makassar, Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja tribes. The mean concentration of IL-10 in pregnant women with preeclampsia was significantly lower than in controls.

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) consumption as a nutrition source for mild anemia

Objective: The purpose of this review is to describe an intervention that utilizes dates as a source of nutrition for pregnant women to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in anemia incidence. The findings in this study are related to the use of dates to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women. Methods: This study uses search databases used in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The keywords used in the initial search for articles are dates and hemoglobin obtained as many as 189 articles. At the time of using the keywords dates, hemoglobin, anemia by obtaining 15 articles and which are used only 10 articles according to the analysis of the purpose, suitability of the topic, the method of research used, sample size, research ethics, the results of each article, as well as limitations that occur. Result: Anemia in pregnant women causes hemoglobin (Hb) levels to decrease in the blood; the capacity of oxygen transfer to meet the needs of vital organs in the mother and fetus is reduced. All literature reviewed shows that administration of dates increases hemoglobin levels; only one literature shows no influence of consumes date juice on hemoglobin level. The majority of the literature reviewed is mild anemia. Conclusion: There are effective results in the implementation of health promotion of increased hemoglobin levels in the blood in pregnant women by utilizing dates as a source of nutrition. (AU)

Preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancy with tribal differences in South Sulawesi: Comparison of serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels

Objective: This study aims to compare the average levels of IL-10 with preeclampsia and normotensive in four different tribe populations in South Sulawesi, including Makassar, Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja. Method: This research is a cross-sectional study conducted in March–May 2020 in several Health Centre and Hospitals in four areas, namely in the UNHAS Hospital, Jumpandang Baru Health Center, Barabaraya Health Center, Mattirobulu Health Center, Salo Health Center, Lasinrang Pinrang General Hospital, Totoli Health Center, Majene Regional General Hospital, Makale Health Center, Elim General Hospital, Lakipadada Tana Toraja Regional General Hospital. Samples in this study were 88 pregnant women with gestational age >20 weeks which were divided into two groups, namely 44 cases (preeclampsia) and 44 control groups (normotensive). The criteria for the sample in this study are single pregnancy, no systemic disease, and are native Makassar, Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja tribes. Data collected included age, education, occupation, parity, Body Mass Index (BMI), history of preeclampsia. Serum IL-10 levels were examined using the Human Interleukin 10 ELISA Kit. Results: There were significant differences in IL-10 levels in preeclampsia pregnant women in the Makassar, Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja tribes (p = 0.020, p < 0.05). In contrast to the control group, there was no difference in IL-10 levels in normotensive pregnant women in the Makassar, Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja tribes (p = 0.505, p > 0.05). The Bugis, Mandar, and Toraja tribes show significant differences in IL-10 levels between preeclampsia pregnant women and normotensive pregnant women with mean rating values of pregnant women who have preeclampsia have lower IL-10 levels than normotensive pregnant women, while the Makassar tribe has valued insignificant difference in IL-10 levels between preeclampsia and normotensive (p = 0.309, p > 0.05). (AU)

Anthropometric features in predicting insulin resistance among non-menopausal Indonesian adult females.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide in high, low, and middle-income countries such as Indonesia. Obesity rate is higher in females in Indonesia. Obesity has important contribution in the occurrence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several anthropometric measurements such as waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), body mass (BM), total body fat percentage (Fat%) and visceral fat (VF) are related to IR. This study aimed to investigate which of those measurements could be used as a better predictor of IR in non-menopausal Indonesian adult females. METHODS: Total of 80 non-menopausal Indonesian adult females ranging from 21 to 40 years were recruited in this study. Insulin resistance was measured by using Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) equation. Subjects with HOMA-IR index >75th percentile with cut-off 2.74 were defined as IR. Waist circumference, BMI and BM were measured, while TF and VF were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). RESULTS: HOMA-IR had significant correlation with WC (r = 0.563, p < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.537, p < 0.001), BM (r = 0.515, p < 0.001), VF (r = 0.515, p < 0.001), Fat% (r = 0.490, p < 0.001). The area under curve of VF (0.809), BMI (0.807), WC (0.805), and BM (0.799) are slightly larger than and Fat% (0.766). CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance had strong correlation with all anthropometric measurements, but the correlation was less significant with Fat%.