Association between percentage of smokers and prevalence of smoking attributable morbidity in Indonesia: one decade after implementation of smoke-free area regulation.

BACKGROUND: For more than ten years, Indonesia has health law, one of which states that local governments are mandated to establish Smoke Free Area (SFA). The results of 2018 National Basic Health Research shows tobacco consumption is still quite high and increasing compared to the results of 2007 and 2013 National Basic Health Research. The burden of disease in Indonesia is increasing every year.  METHODS: This study aims to describe SFA regulation and analyze the relationship between the percentage of smokers and the prevalence of smoking attributable morbidity. Data from the 2018 Basic Health Research in Indonesia with the number of units of analysis were 514 districts and cities level. The design of the study was cross-sectional study. The variables analyzed were the percentage of smokers, the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), pneumonia, lung tuberculosis, asthma, and mental emotional disorders. Geographical mapping of the distribution of District/City with Smoking-Free Areas was made using QGIS 3·16.  RESULTS: Around 72% of districts/cities in Indonesia already had local regulations of SFA after more than ten years implementation of the regulation of the health law. There was a significant relationship between the high percentage of smokers and the high prevalence of diabetes (p value: 0·000, PR: 1·342, 95%CI 1·135 to 1·587), hypertension (p value: 0·000, PR 1·631, 95%CI 1·252 to 2·124), and lung tuberculosis (p value: 0·008, PR 1·219, 95%CI 1·049 to 1·417) at the District/City level. However, there was no significant association between URTI, pneumonia, asthma, and mental emotional disorders. CONCLUSION: The percentage of smokers in an area was associated with diabetes, hypertension, and lung tuberculosis. The implementation of Smoke Free Area should be evaluated.

Factors influencing patient attention toward audiovisual-health education media in the waiting room of a public health center.

Background: The Public Health Center (Puskesmas) is a primary care center in Indonesia that focuses on promotive and preventive efforts, as opposed to exclusively curative approaches. However, a major challenge has been identified in relation to the limited number of health personnel available to provide education to patients. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the impact of personal factors, severity of health problems, environmental situation, and patient activities on the level of attention payed to the audiovisual media. Design and Methods: The study involved the screening of 12 kinds of health education video, which ran in the LCD panel in the waiting room. The population consisted of visitors/patients that were 15 years old or older, and a sample size of 124 was selected randomly during the study period. Results: Based on the statistical analysis, it was established that age, severity of health problems, environment situation, and visitor activity influence patient awareness to audiovisual media in the waiting room of the Public health center. Conclusions: It is recommended that public health centers improve their environment to encourage the patients to pay attention to health media.

Health promoting hospital: A practical strategy to improve patient loyalty in public sector.

Background: The Health-Promoting Hospital (HPH) aims to improve the overall quality of health services for patient, families, and the community as a whole, with assessment and intervention as the essential components. In hospitals, this activity needs to be vigorously developed through interdisciplinary teamwork, shared decision-making process, and by involving patients and families during treatment and through the delivery of an evidence-based health promotion process. Previous studies analyzed some steps to improve patient loyalty through the HPH. However, limited studies were carried out on its use in the public sector. This study, therefore, aims to analyze the impact of HPHs to improve patient loyalty in the public sector. Design and Methods: The simple random sampling method was used to obtain data from 101 respondents in a public hospital, with the cross-sectional design used to gain a better understanding of patient loyalty. Results: The result showed that HPHs influenced patient expectations (P=0.030), which in turn affected perceived value (P=0.014) and satisfaction (P=0.002). In addition, perceived value and satisfaction have effects on patients' loyalty (P=0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, HPHs have a positive impact on patient loyalty. Therefore, the public sector needs to enhance its services in accordance with the standards and guidelines.

Development of a self-efficacy model in junior and senior high school students based on religiosity and family determinants: a cross sectional approach.

OBJECTIVES: Self-efficacy is the belief a person has regarding his success in completing a task. A high level of self-efficacy can affect one's thoughts and motivation to complete tasks well. Conversely, someone with low self-efficacy has a tendency to avoid difficult tasks. Self-efficacy can play a role in success in the future. This study aimed to develop a self-efficacy model for junior and senior high school students based on religious and family determinants. METHOD: This study used a cross-sectional design and simple sampling technique. The calculation result involved 158 samples. The independent variables were religious and family determinants. The dependent variable was self-efficacy. The data were collected using a questionnaire that was tested for validity and reliability. The analysis used a multiple linear regression test with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed self-efficacy was effectively determined by religion, communication, bonding and parenting factors. Overall, religion had the greatest role in influencing self-efficacy. Bonding and communication had an indirect effect on self-efficacy through parenting factors mediators. CONCLUSION: Parenting factors influence self-efficacy indirectly through bonding and communication; however, parenting factors cannot be ignored. Religion was the biggest determinant of self-efficacy and capital of good self-control and strong conviction in completing tasks and achieving goals.