Headpulse measurement can reliably identify large-vessel occlusion stroke in prehospital suspected stroke patients: Results from the EPISODE-PS-COVID study.

BACKGROUND: Large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke represents one-third of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the United States but causes two-thirds of poststroke dependence and >90% of poststroke mortality. Prehospital LVO stroke detection permits efficient emergency medical systems (EMS) transport to an endovascular thrombectomy (EVT)-capable center. Our primary objective was to determine the feasibility of using a cranial accelerometry (CA) headset device for prehospital LVO stroke detection. Our secondary objective was development of an algorithm capable of distinguishing LVO stroke from other conditions. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled consecutive adult patients suspected of acute stroke from 11 study hospitals in four different U.S. geographical regions over a 21-month period. Patients received device placement by prehospital EMS personnel. Headset data were matched with clinical data following informed consent. LVO stroke diagnosis was determined by medical chart review. The device was trained using device data and Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) examination components. A binary threshold was selected for comparison of device performance to LAMS scores. RESULTS: A total of 594 subjects were enrolled, including 183 subjects who received the second-generation device. Usable data were captured in 158 patients (86.3%). Study subjects were 53% female and 56% Black/African American, with median age 69 years. Twenty-six (16.4%) patients had LVO and 132 (83.6%) were not LVO (not-LVO AIS, 33; intracerebral hemorrhage, nine; stroke mimics, 90). COVID-19 testing and positivity rates (10.6%) were not different between groups. We found a sensitivity of 38.5% and specificity of 82.7% for LAMS ≥ 4 in detecting LVO stroke versus a sensitivity of 84.6% (p < 0.0015 for superiority) and specificity of 82.6% (p = 0.81 for superiority) for the device algorithm (CA + LAMS). CONCLUSIONS: Obtaining adequate recordings with a CA headset is highly feasible in the prehospital environment. Use of the device algorithm incorporating both CA and LAMS data for LVO detection resulted in significantly higher sensitivity without reduced specificity when compared to the use of LAMS alone.

A Phase 2 Study of Pimodivir (JNJ-63623872) in Combination With Oseltamivir in Elderly and Nonelderly Adults Hospitalized With Influenza A Infection: OPAL Study.

BACKGROUND: Both the elderly and individuals with comorbidities are at increased risk of developing influenza-related complications. Novel influenza antivirals are required, given limitations of current drugs (eg, resistance emergence and poor efficacy). Pimodivir is a first-in-class antiviral for influenza A under development for these patients. METHODS: Hospitalized patients with influenza A infection were randomized 2:1 to receive pimodivir 600 mg plus oseltamivir 75 mg or placebo plus oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily for 7 days in this phase 2b study. The primary objective was to compare pimodivir pharmacokinetics in elderly (aged 65-85 years) versus nonelderly adults (aged 18-64 years). Secondary end points included time to patient-reported symptom resolution. RESULTS: Pimodivir pharmacokinetic parameters in nonelderly and elderly patients were similar. Time to influenza symptom resolution was numerically shorter with pimodivir (72.45 hours) than placebo (94.15 hours). There was a lower incidence of influenza-related complications in the pimodivir group (7.9%) versus placebo group (15.6%). Treatment was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: No apparent relationship was observed between pimodivir pharmacokinetics and age. Our data demonstrate the need for a larger study of pimodivir in addition to oseltamivir to test whether it results in a clinically significant decrease in time-to-influenza-symptom alleviation and/or the frequency of influenza complications. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT02532283.

Case Report: Pediatric Patient with COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rarely manifests with severe complications in pediatric patients. An association between COVID-19 and a Kawasaki-like inflammatory syndrome has recently presented in pediatric patients. CASE REPORT: We report a unique case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children presenting with characteristic findings in a child who later developed cardiogenic shock requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. CONCLUSION: Recognition of these early signs and symptoms facilitates screening and risk stratification of pediatric COVID-19 cases associated with increased morbidity.

Blood pressure variability as an indicator of sepsis severity in adult emergency department patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Quantify the correlation between blood pressure variability (BPV) and markers of illness severity: serum lactate (LAC) or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a prospective, observational study evaluating fluid resuscitation on adult, septic, ED patients. Vital signs and fluid infusion volumes were recorded every 15min during the 3h following ED arrival. BPV was assessed via average real variability (ARV): the average of the absolute differences between consecutive BP measurements. ARV was calculated for the time periods before and after 3 fluid infusion milestones: 10-, 20-, and 30-mL/kg total body weight (TBW). Spearman's rho correlation coefficient analysis was utilized. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Forty patients were included. Mean fluid infusion was 33.7mL/kg TBW (SD 22.1). All patients received fluid infusion≥10mL/kg TBW, 25 patients received fluid infusion>20mL/kg TBW, and 16 patients received fluid infusion>30mL/kg TBW. Mean initial LAC was 4.0mmol/L (SD 3.2). Mean repeat LAC was 3.1mmol/L (SD 3.2), obtained an average of 6.6h (SD 5.3) later. Mean SOFA score was 7.0 (SD 4.4). BPV correlated with both follow-up LAC (r=0.564; p=0.023) and SOFA score (r=0.544; p=0.024) among the cohort that received a fluid infusion>20-mL/kg TBW. CONCLUSION: With the finding of a positive correlation between BPV and markers of illness severity (LAC and SOFA scores), this pilot study introduces BPV analysis as a real-time, non-invasive tool for continuous sepsis monitoring in the ED.