RESUMO
Ideally in Galen's model of preventive medicine, the patient does not become a patient at all but remains a healthy person able to maintain his or her health without need of either medicines or other therapies. This chapter is divided into four sections, Galen's ideal patient; less than ideal patients; patients in old age; and patients whose nature is inclined to a bad mixture of humours, and so in need of medication. In all four categories, even those where medical recommendations such as blood-letting are recommended, Galen offers an option based on hygieine, or the art of maintaining good health. Galen's aim in de sanitate tuenda is to ensure that a well-educated person can lead a healthy life by learning what does harm and what benefits him or her. The chapter explores the extent to which the patient can really be independent of the doctor, and the interesting balance between nature and urban life which constitutes good health in Galenic thought.