Comparison of milk oligosaccharides pattern in colostrum of different horse breeds.

Colostrum oligosaccharides are known to exhibit prebiotic and immunomodulatory properties. Oligosaccharide composition is species-specific, and equine colostrum has been reported to contain unique oligosaccharides. Therefore, equine oligosaccharides (EMOS) from colostrum from different horse breeds were analyzed by CE-LIF, CE-MS(n), HILIC-MS(n), and exoglycosidase degradation. Sixteen EMOS were characterized and quantified, of which half were neutral and half were acidic. EMOS showed about 63% structural overlap with human milk oligosaccharides, known for their bioactivity. Seven EMOS were not reported before in equine oligosaccharides literature: neutral Gal(ß1-4)HexNAc, Gal(ß1-4)Hex-Hex, ß4'-galactosyllactose, and lactose-N-hexaose, as well as acidic 6'-Sialyl-Hex-Ac-HexNAc, sialyllacto-N-tetraose-a, and disialylacto-N-tetraose (isomer not further specified). In all colostrum samples, the average oligosaccharide concentration ranged from 2.12 to 4.63 g/L; with ß 6'and 3'- galactosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, and disialyllactose as the most abundant of all oligosaccharides (27-59, 16-37, 1-8, and 1-6%, respectively). Differences in presence and in abundance of specific EMOS were evident not only between the four breeds but also within the breed.

Synthesis of analogues of myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate that contain sulfonamide, sulfate, methylphosphonate, and carboxymethyl groups.

The syntheses are described of four isosteric racemic myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1) analogues with the phosphate groups replaced by sulfonamide (2), sulfate (3), methylphosphonate (4), and carboxymethyl (5). None of these compounds had any affinity for the IP3 receptor or induced platelet aggregation.