RESUMO
Due to medical illness or pharmacotherapy, patients undergoing percutaneous interventions often have abnormal hemostasis. Its etiology may include alterations in the protein-based coagulation system, thrombocytopenia, deficient platelet function, or mixed deficits such as disseminated intravascular coagulation. In this article, the authors review the basic science of each of these etiologies, as well as their available methods of correction. They also review the evidence and guidelines regarding the assessment and treatment of coagulopathy in image-guided procedures. The periprocedural bleeding risk and the urgency of a given procedure guide the management of abnormal hemostasis in this patient population.
RESUMO
Stroke is devastating as currently no therapies are available that can prevent stroke-induced neurological dysfunction in humans. With the recent observations that acute insults to adult brain stimulate new neuronal formation in various species of animals, optimism is building for a possible regeneration of stroke-damaged brain. This article reviewed the advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the various steps of neurogenesis with an emphasis on the endogenous mediators and exogenous promoters of neural progenitor proliferation, migration and survival in the post-ischemic adult brain.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Animais , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Isquemia Encefálica/reabilitação , Ventrículos Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Giro Denteado/fisiopatologia , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Inflamação , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/fisiologia , Neurotransmissores/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico/fisiologia , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular CerebralRESUMO
Studies on odor mixture perception suggest that although odor components can often be identified in mixtures, mixtures can also give rise to novel perceptual qualities that are not present in the components. Using an olfactory habituation task, the authors evaluated how the perceptual similarity between components in a mixture affects the perceptual quality of the mixture itself. Rats perceived binary mixtures composed of similar components as different from their 2 components, whereas binary mixtures composed of dissimilar components were perceived as very similar to their components. Results show that for both types of mixtures, pretraining to Component A reduces subsequent learning about Component B in rats trained in the presence of A.