RESUMO
Increasing maize grain yield has been a major focus of both plant breeding and genetic engineering to meet the global demand for food, feed, and industrial uses. We report that increasing and extending expression of a maize MADS-box transcription factor gene, zmm28, under the control of a moderate-constitutive maize promoter, results in maize plants with increased plant growth, photosynthesis capacity, and nitrogen utilization. Molecular and biochemical characterization of zmm28 transgenic plants demonstrated that their enhanced agronomic traits are associated with elevated plant carbon assimilation, nitrogen utilization, and plant growth. Overall, these positive attributes are associated with a significant increase in grain yield relative to wild-type controls that is consistent across years, environments, and elite germplasm backgrounds.
Assuntos
Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Grão Comestível , Genes de Plantas , Zea mays/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Produtos Agrícolas/enzimologia , Glutamato-Amônia Ligase/metabolismo , Nitrato Redutase/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Fotossíntese/genética , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Ligação Proteica , Transcriptoma , Zea mays/enzimologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Presented is a rare case of transient unilateral facial nerve paralysis occurring in a pilot while on initial ascent in an F-16CM. This pathology is sporadically observed in the diving community, but rarely described in military or civil aviation. This case was particularly unusual in its promptness of onset, rapid recovery, and its association with vertigo. CASE REPORT: This case report describes a previously healthy 26-yr-old F-16 pilot who experienced ear block and subsequent unilateral facial paralysis while on initial ascent. This was relieved quickly after clearing the affected ear without any neurological sequelae. A second episode was associated with vertigo in addition to the ear block and facial symptoms. Both episodes were separated by 3 d. DISCUSSION: Barotrauma to the facial nerve via an uncovered or "dehiscent" facial nerve canal was suggested by the clinical course, computed tomography, and confirmed by expert consultation. Making the diagnosis in an aviator, especially the military aviator, is important for safety of flight, to avoid unwarranted diagnostics, and to minimize operational impact. A mechanism for the aviator's associated vertigo is suggested.