Teaching open and reproducible scholarship: a critical review of the evidence base for current pedagogical methods and their outcomes.

In recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness and reproducibility of research, characterized by increased interest and promotion of open and transparent research practices. While progress has been positive, there is a lack of consideration about how this approach can be embedded into undergraduate and postgraduate research training. Specifically, a critical overview of the literature which investigates how integrating open and reproducible science may influence student outcomes is needed. In this paper, we provide the first critical review of literature surrounding the integration of open and reproducible scholarship into teaching and learning and its associated outcomes in students. Our review highlighted how embedding open and reproducible scholarship appears to be associated with (i) students' scientific literacies (i.e. students' understanding of open research, consumption of science and the development of transferable skills); (ii) student engagement (i.e. motivation and engagement with learning, collaboration and engagement in open research) and (iii) students' attitudes towards science (i.e. trust in science and confidence in research findings). However, our review also identified a need for more robust and rigorous methods within pedagogical research, including more interventional and experimental evaluations of teaching practice. We discuss implications for teaching and learning scholarship.

Does "Open" Rhyme with "Special"? Comparing Personality, Sexual Satisfaction, Dominance and Jealousy of Monogamous and Non-monogamous Practitioners.

Romantic relationships are changing in Western culture. The recent rise of alternative relationship models called consensual non-monogamies (CNMs) has drawn attention toward them. Western cultures largely stereotype and stigmatize CNMs, portraying their practitioners (among other aspects) as psychologically distinct from monogamous practitioners. Likewise, recent scientific literature suggests probable differences for CNMs practitioners, mainly them being more extraverted, agreeable, and open, but also less jealous and dominant toward their romantic partners. However, although CNMs differentiate themselves from cheating monogamous practitioners, potential differences are unclear. The present study compared 372 participants (with 193 CNMs practitioners) from Spanish culture regarding their personality, sexual satisfaction, dominance, and jealousy. On most dimensions, monogamous and CNMs practitioners did not differ significantly from each other. CNMs practitioners showed significantly higher openness and lower conscientiousness, although these differences were small and debatable; thus, these findings should be taken with caution. These differences could not be explained by differences in age, gender, education, marital status, sexual orientation, or other demographic variables. The addition of cheating monogamous mitigated these differences. Overall, this study suggests that monogamous and non-monogamous practitioners are not psychologically different. Methodological limitations and future recommendations are discussed, with particular emphasis on replication studies.

Study Protocol on Ecological Momentary Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life Using a Smartphone Application.

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is a construct of increasing importance in modern healthcare, and has typically been assessed using retrospective instruments. While such measures have been shown to have predictive utility for clinical outcomes, several cognitive biases associated with human recall and current mood state may undermine their validity and reliability. Retrospective tools can be further criticized for their lack of ecology, as individuals are usually assessed in less natural settings such as hospitals and health centers, and may be obliged to spend time and money traveling to receive assessment. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an alternative, as mobile assessment using mobile health (mHealth) technology has the potential to minimize biases and overcome many of these limitations. Employing an EMA methodology, we will use a smartphone application to collect data on real-time HRQoL, with an adapted version of the widely used WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. We aim to recruit a total of 450 healthy participants. Participants will be prompted by the application to report their real-time HRQoL over 2 weeks together with information on mood and current activities. At the end of 2 weeks, they will complete a retrospective assessment of their HRQoL and they will provide information about their sleep quality and perceived stress. The psychometric properties of real-time HRQoL will be assessed, including analysis of the factorial structure, reliability and validity of the measure, and compared with retrospective HRQoL responses for the same 2-week testing period. Further, we aim to identify factors associated with real-time HRQoL (e.g., mood, activities), the feasibility of the application, and within- and between-person variability in real-time HRQoL. We expect real-time HRQoL to have adequate validity and reliability, and positive responses on the feasibility of using a smartphone application for routine HRQoL assessment. The direct comparison of real-time and retrospective measures in this study will provide important novel insight into the efficacy of mHealth applications for HRQoL assessment. If shown to be valid, reliable and feasible for the collection of HRQoL data, mHealth applications may have future potential for facilitating clinical assessment, patient-physician communication, and monitoring individual HRQoL over course of treatment.