Sarcomatoid Urothelial Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study of Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Survival Outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma (SUC) is a rare and aggressive variant of bladder cancer with limited data regarding epidemiology and survival. In this study, we explored clinicopathologic factors and oncologic outcomes of patients with SUC derived from Survival, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, in comparison to conventional UC (CUC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: SEER database was searched for patients with invasive (≥T1) SUC or CUC using the topography codes C67.0 to C67.9 for bladder cancer and the morphologic codes 8120/8122 for CUC/SUC respectively. Demographic/clinicopathologic/treatment/survival data were extracted. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Chi-squared tests were used for comparative analysis and Cox proportional hazards model for identifying clinical covariates associated with DSS. RESULTS: A total of 569 patients with SUC and 37,740 with CUC were identified. Overall, there was a male predominant population in both cohorts, although a higher proportion of women were noted in the SUC cohort (32 vs. 25%). Patients with SUC had significantly higher incidence of non-bladder confined disease (T3/4, 37% vs. 22%) and nodal invasion (18% vs. 12%) in comparison to those with CUC (all P < .05). Median DSS was 16 months (95% CI: 12.4-19.6) in the SUC vs. 82 months (95% CI; 75.9-88.1) in the CUC cohort. Presence of SUC histology was independently associated with shorter DSS in the multivariate analysis, when adjusted for other significant clinicopathologic factors. CONCLUSION: SUC was associated with advanced stage and shorter DSS compared to CUC. Further studies are needed to better understand biological underpinnings behind its aggressive behavior and the role of novel systemic treatments.

Patterns and timing of perioperative blood transfusion and association with outcomes after radical cystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) has been associated with worse outcomes across tumor types, including bladder cancer. We report our institutional experience with PBT utilization in the setting of radical cystectomy (RC) for patients with bladder cancer, exploring whether timing of PBT receipt influences perioperative and oncologic outcomes. METHODS: Consecutive patients with bladder cancer treated with RC were identified. PBT was defined as red blood cell transfusion during RC or the postoperative admission. Clinicopathologic and peri and/or postoperative parameters were extracted and compared between patients who did and did not receive PBT using Mann Whitney U Test, chi-square, and log-rank test. Overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated with the Kaplan Meier method. Univariate/multivariate logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to identify variables associated with postoperative and oncologic outcomes, respectively. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 747 patients (77% men; median age 67 years). Median follow-up was 61.5 months (95% CI 55.8-67.2) At least one postoperative complication (90-day morbidity) occurred in 394 (53%) patients. Median OS and RFS were 91.8 months (95% CI: 76.0-107.6) and 66.0 months (95% CI: 48.3-83.7), respectively. On multivariate analysis, intraoperative, but not postoperative, BT was independently associated with shorter OS (HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.32-2.29) and RFS (HR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.20-2.01), after adjusting for relevant clinicopathologic variables. PBT (intra- or post- operative) was significantly associated with prolonged postoperative hospitalization ≥10 days. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative BT was associated with inferior OS and RFS, and PBT overall was associated with prolonged hospitalization following RC. Further studies are needed to validate this finding and explore potential causes for this observation.

Structures of (S)-(-)-4-oxo-2-azetidinecarboxylic acid and 3-azetidinecarboxylic acid from powder synchrotron diffraction data.

The crystal structures of the four-membered heterocycles (S)-(-)-4-oxo-2-azetidinecarboxylic acid (I) and 3-azetidinecarboxylic acid (II) were solved by direct methods using powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction data. The asymmetry of the oxoazetidine and azetidine rings is discussed, along with the hydrogen bonding.

Structure of lithium benzilate hemihydrate solved by simulated annealing and difference Fourier synthesis from powder data.

The crystal structure of lithium benzilate hemihydrate (C(14)H(11)O(3)(-)Li(+).0.5H(2)O) was solved from synchrotron powder diffraction data. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/a. The structure was solved via the direct space search for two benzilate fragments using the simulated-annealing program DASH, localization of the lithium ions and water molecule from a difference Fourier map, and a restrained Rietveld refinement (R(wp) = 0.0687). The structure is a coordination polymer of [Li(2)(C(14)H(11)O(3))(2).H(2)O](2) tetramers building helical fourfold one-dimensional channels parallel to [010]. Inside the channels the tetrahedral coordination spheres of the lithium ions contain hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, and water molecules. The water molecule functions as the cohesive entity forming extended hydrogen-bonded chains running along [010], and bifurcated donor hydrogen bonds with the two nearest carboxylates. At the outer edge of the channels, weaker intermolecular C-H.Ph hydrogen bonds along [100] and [001] contribute to the supramolecular aggregation of the structure.