RESUMO
The fluoride concentration in drinking water and in urine of the inhabitants of 94 localities in Northern and Central Poland was determined. The analyses were performed potentiometrically using a fluoride-specific electrode. In most of the localities the fluoride concentration in water was < 0.3 mg/l, which is far below the recommended level for caries control. In these communities fluoridation of water is advised. In six localities the water fluoride concentration was 1.2 mg/l. The elevated water fluoride is of natural (Malbork) as well as of anthropogenic (Wislinka) origin. The mean fluoride level in the urine in the investigated localities was 1.10 mg/l (range 0.10-2.67 mg/l). No significant correlation between the concentration of fluoride in drinking water and human urine was found in this study. This suggests that the elevated fluoride level in urine may be caused not only by the water fluoride, but also by the inhalation of dust particles containing fluoride, and by the diet.
Assuntos
Fluoretos/análise , Fluoretos/urina , Abastecimento de Água/análise , Criança , Feminino , Fluoretação , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Polônia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseAssuntos
Carbaril/farmacologia , Hexaclorocicloexano/farmacologia , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Anilina Hidroxilase/biossíntese , Animais , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/biossíntese , Citocromos b5/biossíntese , Interações Medicamentosas , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitroanisol O-Desmetilase/biossíntese , RatosRESUMO
The effects of pyrethroid insecticides on hepatic microsomal enzymes were studied in rats. Animals were treated orally with cypermethrin (80 mg/kg), deltamethrin (15 mg/kg), and permethrin (100 mg/kg), as a solution in soyabean oil, for 1 to 20 days. The content of cytochromes P-450 and b5, activity of NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, glutathione S-transferase, aniline 4-hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase in microsomes, the activity of glutathione S-transferase, and the level of sulfhydryl groups in cytosol were determined. Also the relative liver weight was measured. Only few changes in the investigated parameters were ascertained. These changes have an irregular and transient character. On the whole, the action of pyrethroids on microsomal enzymes results in a slight induction.
Assuntos
Inseticidas/farmacologia , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Piretrinas/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Anilina Hidroxilase/metabolismo , Animais , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Inseticidas/administração & dosagem , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/ultraestrutura , NADPH-Ferri-Hemoproteína Redutase/metabolismo , Nitrilas , Nitroanisol O-Desmetilase/metabolismo , Tamanho do Órgão , Permetrina , Piretrinas/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Compostos de Sulfidrila/metabolismoRESUMO
Several derivatives of N-arylthioamide of benzimidazolyl-2-alpha-cyanoacetic acid and 2-(alpha-cyano-beta-chlorophenyl)-benzimidazole and its 4(7)- and 5(6)-methyl derivatives have been obtained. Tuberculostatic activity of these compounds was determined on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. LD50 values were determined for derivatives of 2-(alpha-cyano-beta-arylvinyl)-benzimidazoles. The compounds show moderate toxicity.
