RESUMO
In this paper, a thermal-mechanical-oxidation coupling experimental system based on laser heating is developed, containing two modes of Gaussian and flat-top lasers, which has a series of advantages such as high temperature range, rapid heating rate, and convenient observation. The system adopts active illumination and an optical filter to solve the problem where it is difficult for traditional digital-image correlation technology to image clearly under laser heating. A biaxial mechanical test machine is used to simulate the complex load by applying biaxial tension or compression loads on the material. Combined with the radiation temperature measurement and controllable flow field device, the thermal-mechanical-oxygen coupling experiment of high temperature resistant materials under aerobic environment can be carried out. The maximum uniform heat flux output density is 27.2 kW/cm2, and the maximum Gaussian heat flux output density is 105 kW/cm2. The thermal-mechanical-oxygen coupling experimental system and method are of great significance to the development of new high temperature resistant materials and thermal barrier coatings.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The intensity of electrical acupoint stimulation such as electroacupuncture (EA) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is regulated by the observation of skin shivering or the participant's comfort response. However, the specific intensity and spatial scope following EA or TENS stimulation are unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to test the stimulatory current intensities of lower and upper sensation thresholds in TENS- and EA-based treatment of Bell's palsy patients. Also, the spatial scope of the stimulation at these current intensities was simulated and measured quantitatively. METHODS: A total of 19 Bell's palsy patients were recruited. Six acupoints on the affected side of the face were stimulated by TENS and EA successively at 30-min intervals. During the stimulation, the current intensity was regulated gradually from 0 to 20 mA, and we simultaneously measured the lower (sensory) and upper (tolerability) sensations. After the treatment by TENS and EA, the modified Chinese version of the Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scales (C-MMASS) was applied to survey the de-qi sensations during stimulation. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between current intensities and C-MMASS and comfort scores. Finite element models were established to depict the spatial distribution of electric field gradients at the lower and upper thresholds. RESULTS: The mean sensory and tolerability thresholds of TENS were 3.91-4.37 mA and 12.33-16.35 mA, respectively. The median sensory and tolerability thresholds of EA were 0.2 mA and 2.0-3.2 mA, respectively. We found a significant correlation between total C-MMASS scores and the current intensities at the tolerability threshold of TENS. The finite element model showed that the activated depths of TENS and EA at the lower threshold were 3.8 and 7 mm, respectively, whereas those at the upper threshold were both 13.8 mm. The cross-sectional diameter of the activated area during TENS was 2.5-4 times larger than that during EA. CONCLUSION: This pilot study provided a method for exploring the current intensity at which the de-qi sensations can be elicited by TENS or EA. The finite element analysis potentially revealed the spatial scope of the electrical stimulation at a specific current intensity.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture combined with music therapy for treatment of cerebral palsy. METHODS: Sixty children with cerebral palsy were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (Group Acup.) and an acupuncture plus music group (Group Acup.+ M). Simple acupuncture was applied in Group Acup., and acupuncture at 5 groups of points plus music were applied in Group Acup. +M. The treatment was given once every two days with 3 treatments weekly, and 36 treatments constituted a therapeutic course. Therapeutic effects including movement improvement were observed for comparison after 3 courses of treatments. RESULTS: The comprehensive functions were elevated in both groups, and the total effective rate in Group Acup. + M was obviously better than that in Group Acup (P < 0.05). Movement functions were also improved in both groups, but the differences in improvement of creeping and kneeling, standing, and walking were significant between the two groups (P < 0.01), showing the effect in Group Acup. + M was better than that in Group Acup.. CONCLUSION: The therapy of acupuncture plus music gained better therapeutic effect on cerebral palsy than simple acupuncture, which provided new thoughts for treating the disease by comprehensive therapies.
