Effect of blackberry anthocyanins and its combination with tea polyphenols on the oxidative stability of lard and olive oil.

To investigate the protective effect of blackberry anthocyanins (BA), tea polyphenols (TP), and their binary mixture on the oxidative stability of edible oils during storage, BA, TP, and their binary mixture were added to lard and olive oil. The changes in peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), acid value (AV), and scavenging capacity of DPPH and ABTS•+ of oil samples were evaluated during accelerated storage. BA were found to have a remarkable capability to enhance antioxidant properties, delay lipid oxidation, and inhibit the deterioration both of lard and olive oil at high-temperature processes. Furthermore, the antioxidant synergistic effect of BA and TP was found both in lard and olive oil for the first time. All these results suggested that BA and its combination with TP might possess the potential value to protect the quality of edible oils.

Five blueberry anthocyanins and their antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects in vitro.

The dual epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus is becoming an important worldwide public health issue. "Diabesity" is the term used to describe the combined detrimental health effects of both diabetes mellitus and obesity/overweight. Currently, food-derived bioactive compounds are suggested to alleviate diabesity. Blueberries are rich in bioactive anthocyanins, which are associated with contributing to preventing obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, the accurate active compounds and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of blueberry anthocyanin on diabesity. In total, five anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-galactoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-galactoside) were isolated from rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) cultivar "Garden blue." All these anthocyanins exhibited oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), scavenging power of ABTS+, and DPPH-free radical and inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase in vitro. Moreover, some compounds improved glucose uptake and attenuated lipid accumulation in high glucose and oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. All these results suggest that blueberry anthocyanins have potential antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects, which may benefit the treatment of diabesity.

Changes in seroprevalence of hepatitis A after the implementation of universal childhood vaccination in Shandong Province, China: A comparison between 2006 and 2014.

OBJECTIVES: The hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) has been included in the national expanded program on immunization (EPI) in China since 2008. This study was performed to evaluate the change in dynamics of the seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) before and after the introduction of the program. METHODS: The trends in seroepidemiology of anti-HAV antibodies were examined in Shandong Province, China, drawing on two population-based samples of persons aged 1-59 years, one obtained in the year 2006 (n = 6682) and the other in 2014 (n = 5095). RESULTS: A dramatic increase in seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibodies from 30.76% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.24-35.28%) to 77.46% (95% CI 74.04-80.87%) among children aged 1.5-7 years (born after HepA was recommended for routine childhood immunization), as well as an increase from 35.32% (95% CI 29.31-41.33%) to 66.69% (95% CI 55.59-77.80%) in subjects aged 8-14 years, was observed in 2014 when compared with 2006. By contrast, a decline in seroprevalence among subjects aged 15-29 years, as seen particularly in those 20-29 years of age, from 85.72% (95% CI 80.29-91.14%) to 69.24% (95% CI 62.02-76.45%), was found in this study. There was no statistically significant difference in seroprevalence between 2006 and 2014 among the subjects older than 30 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The national HepA routine immunization program has had a positive effect, leading to an increase in anti-HAV seroprevalence among children in Shandong Province, China. More attention should be paid to young adults in the province.

Streptomyces hebeiensis sp. nov.

A novel actinomycete strain, YIM 001(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Hebei province, People's Republic of China. The strain was characterized by white to grey aerial mycelium. Long spore chains, borne on the aerial mycelium, were straight to Rectiflexibiles; the spore chains were composed of non-motile and coccoid spores with a warty surface. The cell wall of strain YIM 001(T) contained LL-diaminopimelic acid (A(2)pm) and traces of meso-A(2)pm. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained mainly glucose and small amounts of xylose, galactose and arabinose. The menaquinones were MK-9(H(4)) (4.6 %), MK-9(H(6)) (60 %), MK-9(H(8)) (30.7 %) and MK-9(H(10)) (4.7 %). Phosphatidylethanolamine was the diagnostic phospholipid. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 001(T) was 71.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain YIM 001(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces. Based on its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain YIM 001(T) (=CCTCC AA 203005(T)=CIP 107974(T)=DSM 41837(T)) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Streptomyces hebeiensis sp. nov.

Immunocytochemical study of the marginal division in human striatum.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the existence of the marginal division in human stritum. METHODS: The cytoar-chitecture and distribution of the neurotransmitters in human fetal striatum were studied using Nissl staining and immuno-cytochemistry. RESULTS: In the sections with Nissl staining, a distinct fusiform cell zone was observed between the putamen and the globus pallidus of the human striatum. The long axes of these neurons in this region stretched dorsoventrally in parallel with the border between the putamen and the globus pallidus. Numerous L-ENK-, NT-, SOM-and SP-positive fibers and a few L-ENK-and NT-positive cells were found in the marginal division. CONCLUSION: For the first time we demonstrate that human also have the marginal division in the striatum which is similar to that of the mammals as the rats, cats and monkeys